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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Cognitively Normal Women With Alzheimer’S Disease Proteinopathy Show Relative Preservation Of Memory But Not Of Hippocampal Volume, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Sarah J. Banks, Sebastian Palmqvist, Oskar Hansson
Cognitively Normal Women With Alzheimer’S Disease Proteinopathy Show Relative Preservation Of Memory But Not Of Hippocampal Volume, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Sarah J. Banks, Sebastian Palmqvist, Oskar Hansson
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Background: We examined interactive effects of sex, diagnosis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta/phosphorylated tau ratio (Aβ/P-tau) on verbal memory and hippocampal volumes. Methods: We assessed 682 participants (350 women) from BioFINDER (250 cognitively normal [CN]; and 432 symptomatic: 186 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 246 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). General linear models evaluated effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) proteinopathy (CSF Aß/p-tau ratio), diagnosis, and sex on verbal memory (ADAS-cog 10-word recall), semantic fluency (animal naming fluency), visuospatial skills (cube copy), processing speed/attention functions (Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Part A), and hippocampal volumes. Results: Amyloid-positive (Aβ/P-tau+) CN women …
Safety Of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (Ercp) In Pregnancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Azab, Shishira Bharadwaj, Mahendran Jayaraj, Annie S. Hong, Pejman Solaimani, Mohamad Mubder, Hyeyoung Yeom, Ji Won Yoo, Michael L. Volk
Safety Of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (Ercp) In Pregnancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Azab, Shishira Bharadwaj, Mahendran Jayaraj, Annie S. Hong, Pejman Solaimani, Mohamad Mubder, Hyeyoung Yeom, Ji Won Yoo, Michael L. Volk
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Background/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technically challenging procedure rarely associated with severe postprocedure complications. Hormonal changes during pregnancy promote cholelithiasis, but there are limited clinical data available on the outcomes of ERCP in pregnant women. ERCP techniques without irradiation were recently introduced as potential alternative. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety of ERCP in pregnancy and to compare outcomes of radiation versus nonradiation ERCP. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Medline/Ovid, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through April 18th, 2018 using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines identified 27 studies reporting the …
A Systematic Review Of Gambling-Related Findings From The National Epidemiologic Survey On Alcohol And Related Conditions, Jasmine M.Y. Loo, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza
A Systematic Review Of Gambling-Related Findings From The National Epidemiologic Survey On Alcohol And Related Conditions, Jasmine M.Y. Loo, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza
Psychology Faculty Research
Background and aims: This systematic review analyzes and summarizes gambling-related findings from the nationally representative US National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) data. Methods: Systematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 51 eligible studies that met inclusion criteria. Eight studies utilized both Waves 1 and 2 NESARC data, and selection of sample sizes varied from 185 to 43,093 individuals, consistent with specified research objectives of each study. Results: The prevalence of lifetime pathological gambling was 0.42% (0.64% among men, 0.23% among women), while past-year prevalence was 0.16%. Pathological gambling rates were generally higher in populations …
Sex Differences In Cognitive Changes In De Novo Parkinson’S Disease, Ece Bayram, Sarah J. Banks, Guogen Shan, Nikki Kaplan, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell
Sex Differences In Cognitive Changes In De Novo Parkinson’S Disease, Ece Bayram, Sarah J. Banks, Guogen Shan, Nikki Kaplan, Jessica Z.K. Caldwell
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Objective: To evaluate the sex differences in cognitive course over 4 years in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to controls. Methods: Four-year longitudinal cognitive scores of 257 cognitively intact PD, 167 PD-MCI, and 140 controls from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative were included. Longitudinal scores of men and women, and PD with and without MCI were compared. Results: Women had better verbal memory, men had better visuospatial function. There was no interaction between sex, diagnostic group, and/or time (4-year follow-up period). Conclusions: Sex differences in cognitive course in de novo PD are similar …
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease In The Achilles Tendon, Kai-Yu Ho, Jing Nong Liang
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease In The Achilles Tendon, Kai-Yu Ho, Jing Nong Liang
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
The classic sonographic presentation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposits in the Achilles tendon is reported.
Trends And Disparities In Self-Reported And Measured Osteoporosis Among Us Adults, 2007-2014., Qing Wu, Yingke Xu, Ge Lin
Trends And Disparities In Self-Reported And Measured Osteoporosis Among Us Adults, 2007-2014., Qing Wu, Yingke Xu, Ge Lin
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
(1) Background: Studies examining osteoporosis trends among US adults by different socioeconomic status (SES) are limited. The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis in the US is rarely reported. (2) Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007–2008 and 2013–2014 cycles were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported and that of measured osteoporosis were calculated overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, and SES. (3) Results: The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis was higher than that of measured osteoporosis in all three survey cycles for women, and in 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 for men. Participants with high school/GED or higher …
Utilizing The Community-Based Research Approach To Examine Mental Health And Support Services Issues Related To Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder, Renato M. Liboro
Utilizing The Community-Based Research Approach To Examine Mental Health And Support Services Issues Related To Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder, Renato M. Liboro
Psychology Faculty Research
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder is an emergent public health problem known to HIV researchers and scientists, but unfortunately, is a concern that still needs to be better recognized by people living with HIV and HIV service providers. Research studies have reported that between 30 to 50% of people living with HIV who have access to combination antiretroviral therapy are and will be affected by this disorder. This raises the need to find more appropriate research approaches for examining issues that will significantly impact people living with HIV experiencing or at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments. People living with …
Characteristics Of Medial-Lateral Postural Control While Exposed To The External Perturbation In Step Initiation, Yun-Ju Lee, Jing Nong Liang, Bing Chen, Alexander S. Aruin
Characteristics Of Medial-Lateral Postural Control While Exposed To The External Perturbation In Step Initiation, Yun-Ju Lee, Jing Nong Liang, Bing Chen, Alexander S. Aruin
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
Controllability of posture in the medial-lateral direction is critical for balance maintenance, particularly in step initiation. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of external perturbation and landing orientation on medial-lateral control stability in step initiation. Eleven young healthy participants stood on the force platform and waited for the instruction of taking a step while experiencing a pendulum perturbation applied at the lateral side of the right shoulder. Eight experimental conditions were conducted by two levels of step side (right or left), two levels of perturbation (with or without), and two levels of landing orientation (forward …
Patellar Tendon Morphology In Trans-Tibial Amputees Utilizing A Prosthesis With A Patellar-Tendon- Bearing Feature, Kai-Yu Ho, Michelle Harty, Jessica Kellogg, Kelly Teter, Szu-Ping Lee, Yu-Jen Chang, Gregory Bashford
Patellar Tendon Morphology In Trans-Tibial Amputees Utilizing A Prosthesis With A Patellar-Tendon- Bearing Feature, Kai-Yu Ho, Michelle Harty, Jessica Kellogg, Kelly Teter, Szu-Ping Lee, Yu-Jen Chang, Gregory Bashford
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
A patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) bar is a common design feature used in the socket of trans-tibial prostheses to place load on the pressure-tolerant tissue. As the patellar tendon in the residual limb is subjected to the perpendicular compressive force not commonly experienced in normal tendons, it is possible for tendon degeneration to occur over time. The purpose of this study was to compare patellar tendon morphology and neovascularity between the residual and intact limbs in trans-tibial amputees and healthy controls. Fifteen unilateral trans-tibial amputees who utilized a prosthesis with a PTB feature and 15 age- and sex- matched controls participated. Sonography …
International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutritional Considerations For Single-Stage Ultra-Marathon Training And Racing, Nicholas B. Tiller, Justin D. Roberts, Liam Beasley, Shaun Chapman, Jorge M. Pinto, Lee Smith, Melanie Wiffin, Mark Russel, S. Andy Sparks, Lauren Duckworth, John O'Hara, Louise Sutton, Jose Antonio, Darryn S. Willoughby, Michael D. Tarpey, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Michael J. Ormsbee, Todd A. Astorino, Richard B. Kreider, Graham R. Mcginnis, Jeffrey R, Stout, Johneric W. Smith, Shawn M. Arent, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock
International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutritional Considerations For Single-Stage Ultra-Marathon Training And Racing, Nicholas B. Tiller, Justin D. Roberts, Liam Beasley, Shaun Chapman, Jorge M. Pinto, Lee Smith, Melanie Wiffin, Mark Russel, S. Andy Sparks, Lauren Duckworth, John O'Hara, Louise Sutton, Jose Antonio, Darryn S. Willoughby, Michael D. Tarpey, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Michael J. Ormsbee, Todd A. Astorino, Richard B. Kreider, Graham R. Mcginnis, Jeffrey R, Stout, Johneric W. Smith, Shawn M. Arent, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock
Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications
In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.e., ~ 60% of energy intake, 5–8 g·kg− 1·d− 1) …
Trends And Associated Factors Of Use Of Opioid, Heroin, And Cannabis Among Patients For Emergency Department Visits In Nevada: 2009–2017, Pearl C. Kim, Ji Won Yoo, Chris R. Cochran, Seong Min Park, Sungyoun Chun, Yong-Jae Lee, Jay J. Shen
Trends And Associated Factors Of Use Of Opioid, Heroin, And Cannabis Among Patients For Emergency Department Visits In Nevada: 2009–2017, Pearl C. Kim, Ji Won Yoo, Chris R. Cochran, Seong Min Park, Sungyoun Chun, Yong-Jae Lee, Jay J. Shen
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
To examine trends and contributing factors of opioid, heroin, and cannabis-associated emergency department (ED) visits in Nevada. The 2009 to 2017 Nevada State ED database (n = 7,950,554 ED visits) were used. Use of opioid, heroin, and cannabis, respectively, was identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 9th & 10th Revisions. Three multivariable models, one for each of the 3 dependent variables, were conducted. Independent variables included year, insurance status, race/ethnicity, use of other substance, and mental health conditions. The number of individuals with opioid, heroin, cannabis-associated ED visits increased 3%, 10%, and 23% annually from 2009 to 2015, particularly …
Patient And Provider Perspectives On How Trust Influences Maternal Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant Women In Kenya, Stacy W. Nganga, Nancy A. Otieno, Maxwell Adero, Dominic Ouma, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Andrew Wilson, Irina Bergenfeld, Courtni Andrews, Vincent L. Fenimore, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Paula M. Frew, Saad B. Omer, Fauzia A. Malik
Patient And Provider Perspectives On How Trust Influences Maternal Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant Women In Kenya, Stacy W. Nganga, Nancy A. Otieno, Maxwell Adero, Dominic Ouma, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Andrew Wilson, Irina Bergenfeld, Courtni Andrews, Vincent L. Fenimore, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Paula M. Frew, Saad B. Omer, Fauzia A. Malik
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background Pregnant women and newborns are at high risk for infectious diseases. Altered immunity status during pregnancy and challenges fully vaccinating newborns contribute to this medical reality. Maternal immunization is a strategy to protect pregnant women and their newborns. This study aimed to find out how patient-provider relationships affect maternal vaccine uptake, particularly in the context of a lower middle- income country where limited research in this area exists. Methods We conducted semi-structured, in-depth narrative interviews of both providers and pregnant women from four sites in Kenya: Siaya, Nairobi, Mombasa, and Marsabit. Interviews were conducted in either English or one …
Identifiying High Risk Areas Of Zika Virus Infection By Meteorological Factors In Columbia, Lung-Chang Chien, Francisco Sy, Adriana Perez
Identifiying High Risk Areas Of Zika Virus Infection By Meteorological Factors In Columbia, Lung-Chang Chien, Francisco Sy, Adriana Perez
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background Several Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred since October 2015. Because there is no effective treatment for ZIKV infection, developing an effective surveillance and warning system is currently a high priority to prevent ZIKV infection. Despite Aedes mosquitos having been known to spread ZIKV, the calculation approach is diverse, and only applied to local areas. This study used meteorological measurements to monitor ZIKV infection due to the high correlation between climate change and Aedes mosquitos and the convenience to obtain meteorological data from weather monitoring stations. Methods This study applied the Bayesian structured additive regression modeling approach to include …
Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis From Hydralazine Leading To Acute Liver Failure And Liver Transplantation, Jasleen Grewal, Angela Doan, Annie S. Hong, Arpit Amin, Jason V. Scapa, Ramy Hanna, Francisco Durazo, Beshoy Yanny
Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis From Hydralazine Leading To Acute Liver Failure And Liver Transplantation, Jasleen Grewal, Angela Doan, Annie S. Hong, Arpit Amin, Jason V. Scapa, Ramy Hanna, Francisco Durazo, Beshoy Yanny
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
We describe a woman with no previous liver disease who developed drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis from hydralazine prescribed to her for hypertension. Despite the discontinuation of the medication, she developed acute liver failure and subsequently underwent successful liver transplantation. She survived and had a good clinical outcome.
Methodology For Sampling Women At High Maternal Risk In Administrative Data, Jennifer Vanderlaan, Anne Dunlop, Roger Rochat, Bryan Williams, Susan E. Shapiro
Methodology For Sampling Women At High Maternal Risk In Administrative Data, Jennifer Vanderlaan, Anne Dunlop, Roger Rochat, Bryan Williams, Susan E. Shapiro
Nursing Faculty Publications
Background: In population level studies, the conventional practice of categorizing women into low and high maternal risk samples relies upon ascertaining the presence of various comorbid conditions in administrative data. Two problems with the conventional method include variability in the recommended comorbidities to consider and inability to distinguish between maternal and fetal risks. High maternal risk sample selection may be improved by using the Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OCI), a system of risk scoring based on weighting comorbidities associated with maternal end organ damage. The purpose of this study was to compare the net benefit of using OCI risk scoring vs …
Post-Overdose Interventions Triggered By Calling 911: Centering The Perspectives Of People Who Use Drugs (Pwuds), Karla D. Wagner, Robert W. Harding, Richard Kelley, Brian Labus, Silvia R. Verdugo, Elizabeth Copulsky, Jeanette M. Bowles, Maria Luisa Mittal, Peter J. Davidson
Post-Overdose Interventions Triggered By Calling 911: Centering The Perspectives Of People Who Use Drugs (Pwuds), Karla D. Wagner, Robert W. Harding, Richard Kelley, Brian Labus, Silvia R. Verdugo, Elizabeth Copulsky, Jeanette M. Bowles, Maria Luisa Mittal, Peter J. Davidson
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background Opioid overdose deaths have increased exponentially in the United States. Bystander response to opioid overdose ideally involves administering naloxone, providing rescue breathing, and calling 911 to summon emergency medical assistance. Recently in the US, public health and public safety agencies have begun seeking to use 911 calls as a method to identify and deliver post-overdose interventions to opioid overdose patients. Little is known about the opinions of PWUDs about the barriers, benefits, or potential harms of post-overdose interventions linked to the 911 system. We sought to understand the perspectives of PWUDs about a method for using 911 data to …
Novel Sphingomyelin Biomarkers For Brain Glioma And Associated Regulation Research On The Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway, Xiao-Hui Zhai, Jian Xiao, Jie-Kai Yu, Hong Sun, Shu Zheng
Novel Sphingomyelin Biomarkers For Brain Glioma And Associated Regulation Research On The Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway, Xiao-Hui Zhai, Jian Xiao, Jie-Kai Yu, Hong Sun, Shu Zheng
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research
Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumor types of the central nervous system. It is necessary to identify biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for glioma. The purpose of the present study was to distinguish lipid biomarkers with differential expression patterns in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‑imaging and MALDI‑time of flight (TOF)‑mass spectrometry (MS). Additionally, identification of lipid biomarkers was performed to describe novel therapeutic targets for glioma treatment. A total of six tissues from three patients with glioma and three control patients with traumatic brain injury were analyzed using UltrafleXtreme MALDI‑TOF/TOF. …
Impaired H-Reflex Adaptations Following Slope Walking In Individuals With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis, Jing Nong Liang, Yun Ju Lee, Eric Akoopie, Brooke Conway Kleven, Trisha Koch, Kai-Yu Ho
Impaired H-Reflex Adaptations Following Slope Walking In Individuals With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis, Jing Nong Liang, Yun Ju Lee, Eric Akoopie, Brooke Conway Kleven, Trisha Koch, Kai-Yu Ho
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
Background and Purpose: Short term adaptations in the Ia afferent-motoneuron pathway, as measured using the H-reflex, in response to altered ground reaction forces (GRFs) applied at the feet during slope walking have been observed in the non-impaired nervous system. The ability of the stroke-impaired nervous system to adapt to altered GRFs have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of altered propulsive and braking forces applied at the feet, which naturally occurs when walking on different slopes, on adaptations of the H-reflex pathway in individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis.
Possible Skull Base Erosion After Prolonged Frontal Sinus Stenting, Nathaniel H. Reeve Md, Harry H. Ching Md, Yuna Kim Md, Walter W. Schroeder Md
Possible Skull Base Erosion After Prolonged Frontal Sinus Stenting, Nathaniel H. Reeve Md, Harry H. Ching Md, Yuna Kim Md, Walter W. Schroeder Md
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Frontal sinus stenting is widely used with the goal of maintaining nasofrontal duct patency after sinus surgery. The general recommendation is to leave stents in place for 6 months; however, prolonged stenting up to 6 years has been reported with no complication. We present the first reported case of frontal sinus posterior table and skull base erosion following prolonged frontal sinus stenting. A 57-year-old female presented with chronic sinusitis and nasal obstruction. Imaging revealed pansinusitis with retained stents in each frontal sinus that were placed 8 years prior. On the right, there was an area of skull base erosion at …
Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Reported Depression In College Students, Sharon Jalene, Jennifer Pharr, Guogen Shan, Brach Poston
Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Reported Depression In College Students, Sharon Jalene, Jennifer Pharr, Guogen Shan, Brach Poston
Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Publications
Depression is a serious but treatable health issue that affects college students at an alarming rate. Improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases depression risk and severity but this relationship has not been fully evaluated in the college student population. Non-exercise estimated CRF (eCRF) could be used to identify students at risk for or suffering from depression. This study investigated the associations of depression and eCRF in college students. Participants (N = 437) completed a survey which included demographic and student-status questions, eCRF variables, and a validated depression instrument. Descriptive, chi-square, t-test, regression, and odds ratio analyses were employed. Depression was associated …
International Consensus Statement On The Psychosocial And Policy-Related Approaches To Mental Health Awareness Programmes In Sport, Gavin Breslin, Andy Smith, Brad Donohue, Paul Donnelly, Stephen Shannon, Tandy Jane Haughey, Stewart A. Vella, Christian Swann, Stewart Cotterill, Tadhg Macintyre, Tim Rogers, Gerard Leavey
International Consensus Statement On The Psychosocial And Policy-Related Approaches To Mental Health Awareness Programmes In Sport, Gavin Breslin, Andy Smith, Brad Donohue, Paul Donnelly, Stephen Shannon, Tandy Jane Haughey, Stewart A. Vella, Christian Swann, Stewart Cotterill, Tadhg Macintyre, Tim Rogers, Gerard Leavey
Psychology Faculty Research
Background: Research focused on mental health in sport has revealed a need to develop evidence-supported mental health practices that are sensitive to sport culture, particularly for non-elite athletes. A consensus statement was produced to assist effective mental health awareness in sport and guide programme implementation in this rapidly emerging field. Method: The AGREE Reporting Checklist 2016 was used in two international expert consultation meetings, followed by two online surveys. Experts from 10 countries and over 30 organisations contributed. Results: Six objectives were agreed: (1) to define mental health awareness and service implementation constructs for inclusion in programmes delivered in sporting …
Autoimmune Hepatitis In Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Mohamad Mubder, Mohamed Azab, Mahendran Jayaraj, Chad Cross, Daisy Lankarani, Banreet Dhindsa, Jen-Jung Pan, Gordon Ohning
Autoimmune Hepatitis In Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Mohamad Mubder, Mohamed Azab, Mahendran Jayaraj, Chad Cross, Daisy Lankarani, Banreet Dhindsa, Jen-Jung Pan, Gordon Ohning
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Background: Liver disease in patients with HIV is common and typically has complex and multifactorial presentations that represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is rarely reported in patient with HIV and the disease course and clinical outcomes for treatment have not been well characterized. We are aiming to determine the patient characteristics, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes from published articles of patients with HIV and AIH. Method: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar through February 20th, 2019 identified 15 studies that reported the outcomes of AIH in patients with HIV. …
The “Rights” Of Precision Drug Development For Alzheimer’S Disease, Jeffrey Cummings, Howard H. Feldman, Philip Scheltens
The “Rights” Of Precision Drug Development For Alzheimer’S Disease, Jeffrey Cummings, Howard H. Feldman, Philip Scheltens
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
There is a high rate of failure in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development with 99% of trials showing no drug-placebo difference. This low rate of success delays new treatments for patients and discourages investment in AD drug development. Studies across drug development programs in multiple disorders have identified important strategies for decreasing the risk and increasing the likelihood of success in drug development programs. These experiences provide guidance for the optimization of AD drug development. The “rights” of AD drug development include the right target, right drug, right biomarker, right participant, and right trial. The right target identifies the appropriate …
Socio-Ecological Wellness Wheel: Applied To Community Gardens To Measure Green Gentrification, Micajah Daniels, Courtney Coughenour
Socio-Ecological Wellness Wheel: Applied To Community Gardens To Measure Green Gentrification, Micajah Daniels, Courtney Coughenour
McNair Poster Presentations
This project is intended to use Black Feminist Health Studies as an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the holisitc impacts of community gardens on nutrition behaviors. The implementation of green spaces such as community gardens have been correlated to both benefits and unintended consequences which this study demonstrates through the Socio-Ecological Wellness Wheel. An empirical and systematic way of measuring garden quality through an audit tool using Black Feminist Health Studies could help measure the nutrition environment of the community gardens and how they may influence fruit and vegetable consumption of food insecure populations. The need for this study is highlighted …
Decline In Telomere Length By Age And Effect Modification By Gender, Allostatic Load And Comorbidities In National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002), Saruna Ghimire, Carl V. Hill, Francisco S. Sy, Rachelle Rodriguez
Decline In Telomere Length By Age And Effect Modification By Gender, Allostatic Load And Comorbidities In National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002), Saruna Ghimire, Carl V. Hill, Francisco S. Sy, Rachelle Rodriguez
Public Health Faculty Publications
Background: This study aims to assess the decline in telomere length (TL) with age and evaluate effect modification by gender, chronic stress, and comorbidity in a representative sample of the US population. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 7826 adults with a TL measurement, were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, years 1999–2002. The population rate of decline in TL across 10-year age categories was estimated using crude and adjusted regression. Results: In an adjusted model, the population rate of decline in TL with age was consistent and linear for only three age categories: 20–29 (β = -0.0172, 95% …
The Impact Of Pedestrian Crossing Flags On Driver Yielding Behavior In Las Vegas, Nv, Sheila Clark, Courtney Coughenour, Kelly Bumgarner, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Chantel Reynolds, James Abelar
The Impact Of Pedestrian Crossing Flags On Driver Yielding Behavior In Las Vegas, Nv, Sheila Clark, Courtney Coughenour, Kelly Bumgarner, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Chantel Reynolds, James Abelar
Public Health Faculty Publications
Walking is the most affordable, accessible, and environmentally friendly method of transportation. However, the risk of pedestrian injury or death from motor vehicle crashes is significant, particularly in sprawling metropolitan areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pedestrian crossing flags (PCFs) on driver yielding behaviors. Participants crossed a marked, midblock crosswalk on a multilane road in Las Vegas, Nevada, with and without PCFs, to determine if there were differences in driver yielding behaviors (n = 160 crossings). Trained observers recorded (1) the number of vehicles that passed in the nearest lane without yielding while the …
Health-Information Seeking And Intention To Quit Smoking: Do Health Beliefs Have A Mediating Role?, Soumya Upadhyay, Justin Loard, Maxim Gakh
Health-Information Seeking And Intention To Quit Smoking: Do Health Beliefs Have A Mediating Role?, Soumya Upadhyay, Justin Loard, Maxim Gakh
Public Health Faculty Publications
Background: Smoking is a leading cause of preventable deaths. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of smoking-associated disease and death. But smoking cessation involves behaviour change. Existing research indicates that health-information seeking and health-promoting behaviours can be positively associated. However, in the context of smoking, the relationship between seeking health information and intending to quit smoking remains only partially understood. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between seeking health information and intending to quit smoking and to determine whether this relationship is mediated by health beliefs. Methods: We used data from the fourth cycle of the US National …
Implementation Of National Policies For A Total Asbestos Ban: A Global Comparison, Ro-Ting Lin Phd, Lung-Chang Chien Drph, Masamine Jimba Phd, Sugio Furuya Bec, Ken Takahashi Phd
Implementation Of National Policies For A Total Asbestos Ban: A Global Comparison, Ro-Ting Lin Phd, Lung-Chang Chien Drph, Masamine Jimba Phd, Sugio Furuya Bec, Ken Takahashi Phd
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Background Two international Conventions from the International Labor Organization (ILO; C162 Asbestos Convention) and the UN (Basel Convention) offer governments guidelines for achieving a total asbestos ban policy, but the long-term effect of these Conventions on policy implementation, and the role of government effectiveness, remains unknown. We aimed to investigate associations between government ratification of the ILO and UN international Conventions, government effectiveness, and implementation of a national total asbestos ban. Methods We obtained data for year of a national asbestos ban, year of ratification of one or both international Conventions, and World Bank government effectiveness scores for 108 countries …
Response Of Human Small Intestinal Epithelium To Fractionated Irradiation: Dynamical Modeling Approach, Francis A. Cucinotta, Olga A. Smirnova
Response Of Human Small Intestinal Epithelium To Fractionated Irradiation: Dynamical Modeling Approach, Francis A. Cucinotta, Olga A. Smirnova
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
A biologically motivated mathematical model of the dynamics of the small intestinal epithelium in humans treated with fractionated radiotherapy has been developed and is further investigated here. This model, originating from our previous work, is implemented as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, in which the variables and parameters have a clear biological meaning. The model also includes, as input, the key parameters of fractionated irradiation. The modeling results on the dynamical response of the human normal small intestinal epithelium to fractionated radiation therapy regimens were in agreement with the corresponding empirical data, which, in turn, demonstrates the capability …
Meta-Analysis Of Cognitive Performance By Novel Object Recognition After Proton And Heavy Ion Exposures, Eliedonna Cacao, Francis A. Cucinotta
Meta-Analysis Of Cognitive Performance By Novel Object Recognition After Proton And Heavy Ion Exposures, Eliedonna Cacao, Francis A. Cucinotta
Health Physics & Diagnostic Sciences Faculty Publications
Experimental studies of cognitive detriments in mice and rats after proton and heavy ion exposures have been performed by several laboratories to investigate possible risks to astronauts exposed to cosmic rays in space travel and patients treated for brain cancers with proton and carbon beams in Hadron therapy. However, distinct radiation types and doses, cognitive tests and rodent models have been used by different laboratories, while few studies have considered detailed dose-response characterizations, including estimates of relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Here we report on the first quantitative meta-analysis of the dose response for proton and heavy ion rodent studies of …