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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Exploring Perceptions And Experiences With Resources Among Rural Alzheimer's Dementia Family Caregivers In The Midwest, Rita M. Million
Exploring Perceptions And Experiences With Resources Among Rural Alzheimer's Dementia Family Caregivers In The Midwest, Rita M. Million
Theses & Dissertations
Exploring PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES WITH RESOURCES AMONG RURAL Alzheimer’s Dementia Family Caregivers in the Midwest
Rita M. Million
University of Nebraska, 2017
Supervisor: Karen Schumacher, Ph.D., RN
Background. Despite vast amounts of research on informal caregiving in the Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) population, research on the experience and perceptions of rural caregivers is limited. A better understanding of rural caregivers’ knowledge, use, and nonuse of resources is essential to offset the impact of caregiving. Purpose. This study explored Alzheimer’s dementia family caregivers’ experiences and perceptions with resources in rural Midwest communities. Design. A descriptive qualitative approach with one-time semi-structured interviews was …
Risk Of Post-Ercp Pancreatitis In Liver Transplant Patients: Single Center Experience, Shailender Singh
Risk Of Post-Ercp Pancreatitis In Liver Transplant Patients: Single Center Experience, Shailender Singh
Theses & Dissertations
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis remains the most common severe complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The exact cause of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is unclear. Regardless of the mechanism that initiates PEP, the pathways of inflammation are similar to other forms of acute pancreatitis and include the activation of various inflammatory cytokines, released from the acinar cells and subsequently from helper T lymphocytes and macrophages. Liver transplants (LTx) patients on immunosuppressive medications have impaired T-cell response and hence decreased ability to generate these cytokines. The aim of this study was to review incidence rates and risk factors of PEP in this …
The Role Of Yes-Associated Protein 1 In Ovarian Physiology And Pathology, Xiangmin Lv
The Role Of Yes-Associated Protein 1 In Ovarian Physiology And Pathology, Xiangmin Lv
Theses & Dissertations
Ovarian granulosa cells are the major somatic components of the ovarian follicle. Proper proliferation and differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells are essential for successful follicle development. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway plays critical roles in both development and tumorigenesis of several organs. The present study aims to investigate the role of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) in ovarian granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation, and malignant transformation. At first, we found that nuclear YAP (active) was highly expressed in proliferative granulosa cells, whereas cytoplasmic YAP (inactive) was detected mainly in terminally-differentiated luteal cells. Further studies suggested that endogenous YAP activity …
Novel Therapeutic Approaches For Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Cln3), Megan Elizabeth Bosch
Novel Therapeutic Approaches For Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Cln3), Megan Elizabeth Bosch
Theses & Dissertations
Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in CLN3. Neuronal loss is thought to occur via glutamate excitotoxicity; however, little is known about neuron-astrocyte glutamate regulation in JNCL. We discovered that Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes have significantly lower basal spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations and decreased responses to glutamate, indicating a disrupted signaling network. Cln3Δex7/8 astrocytes also displayed significantly lower basal mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, suggesting impaired metabolic functions. Concurrent with diminished astrocyte metabolism and Ca2+ signaling, Cln3Δex7/8 neurons were hyper-responsive to glutamate stimulation. These studies suggest that CLN3 …
Evaluation Of Immune-Modulating Therapies For Parkinson's Disease, Katherine E. Olson
Evaluation Of Immune-Modulating Therapies For Parkinson's Disease, Katherine E. Olson
Theses & Dissertations
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disorder, second only to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is characterized by a
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons along the nigrostriatal axis and the
formation of proteinaceous inclusions of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Secondary to
the loss of dopaminergic neurons is a progression in motor and non-motor
symptoms. Motor symptoms are characterized by slowness in movement,
stiffness and tremor. Non-motor symptoms include depression, constipation,
sleep abnormalities and loss of sense of smell. The cause of disease remains
incompletely understood. However, age, genetics, environment, viral infection,
and interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system …
Maternal Life Course Adversity: The Intersection Of Psychosocial And Biobehavioral Adaptive Response In Pregnancy, Crystal Modde Epstein
Maternal Life Course Adversity: The Intersection Of Psychosocial And Biobehavioral Adaptive Response In Pregnancy, Crystal Modde Epstein
Theses & Dissertations
The link between life course adversity and adverse health outcomes is well established, particularly early life adversity (ELA). There is also evidence that the physiologic adaptations associated with stress, depression and ELA can be transmitted intergenerationally via long-term set-point changes within the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). It is unknown how the type and timing of maternal stress and adversity influences HPA regulation during pregnancy and whether maternal coping attenuates this relationship. Manuscript 1 was an integrative review of studies examining the association between maternal ELA and HPA regulation during pregnancy. In manuscripts 2 and 3 the findings of the dissertation …
Novel Therapeutic Strategies For Treatment Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Matthew A. Ingersoll
Novel Therapeutic Strategies For Treatment Of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Matthew A. Ingersoll
Theses & Dissertations
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in United States men. While androgen deprivation therapy is the current standard-of-care treatment for metastatic PCa, most patients eventually relapse and develop castration-resistant (CR) tumors, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Therefore, synthesis of novel therapeutic agents and identification of alternative target proteins are necessary to improve treatment. Herein, I investigate the efficacy of novel imidazopyridine and statin derivatives as alternative therapeutic compounds. These molecules not only inhibit androgen receptor signaling, but also block activation of the AKT axis, …
The Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Pain And Rate Of Tooth Movement During Initial Orthodontic Alignment, Leslie Ellingson
The Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Pain And Rate Of Tooth Movement During Initial Orthodontic Alignment, Leslie Ellingson
Theses & Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of mechanical vibration on pain experienced and rate of tooth movement (OTM) during the initial alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to control, low frequency or high frequency. An electric toothbrush was modified to provide high frequency vibration. A low frequency vibration device was acquired from a commercial vendor. Experimental groups applied vibration to the dentition for 20 minutes daily. All participants completed questionnaires using visual analog scales at five time points. Pain experience was measured in millimeters (mm) with the scale measuring …
Identifying The Role Of Janus Kinase 1 In Mammary Gland Development And Breast Cancer, Barbara Swenson
Identifying The Role Of Janus Kinase 1 In Mammary Gland Development And Breast Cancer, Barbara Swenson
Theses & Dissertations
The development of the postnatal mammary gland is tightly controlled by peptide hormones and cytokines. The signaling of these extracellular ligands through their corresponding receptors rely on Janus Kinases (JAKs) that activate downstream Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs). The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is crucial for processes such as growth, proliferation, and cell survival of the epithelial tissue, but also for the breakdown and remodeling of the mammary gland via IL-6 class inflammatory cytokines (e.g. LIF and OSM). JAK1 and JAK2, which are expressed in the mammary gland, are thought to have redundant functions. However, our previous studies demonstrated …
Relationships Between Complex Pediatric Health Conditions And The Built, Physical And Social Environments, Brittany Corley
Relationships Between Complex Pediatric Health Conditions And The Built, Physical And Social Environments, Brittany Corley
Theses & Dissertations
The relationship between human health and the environment is complex and overall poorly understood. The environment has a lasting impact on health, and the processes appear to start at conception. Thus, this dissertation examines the potential relationship between pediatric health and the environment.
The first relationship examined was between the built environment and comorbid Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Many publications have reported the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage, Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, the link between the built environment and Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder symptom severity is poorly understood. …
Public Health Perspectives On Sexual Health And Family Planning, Molly Mccarthy
Public Health Perspectives On Sexual Health And Family Planning, Molly Mccarthy
Theses & Dissertations
Large bodies of evidence document the importance of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in the lives of individuals and among populations. Of particular interest are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), due to their potential for long-term health consequences, and unintended pregnancy because of its association with social and economic outcomes for women and families.
This dissertation addressed three distinct but related areas of reproductive health and family planning: counseling for condom use following an STD test, counseling for contraception following a pregnancy test in a clinical setting, and the effect of abortion on having and achieving long-term plans. These topics are …
Self-Efficacy For Symptom Management In Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients, Lynn White
Self-Efficacy For Symptom Management In Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients, Lynn White
Theses & Dissertations
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a treatment for hematologic cancers and other hematologic conditions that causes severe treatment-related symptoms. The first 30 days after HSCT, or the acute phase, is when symptoms are most intense. During this time, the ability of patients to manage their symptoms, in collaboration with their health care providers, is crucial to reduce the distress caused by the symptoms. Self-efficacy is the person’s confidence in their ability to perform a behavior, such as symptom management. This body of work describes the concept of self-efficacy for symptom management (SESM), presents an integrated literature review on self-efficacy …
Cpap-Mad Combination Therapy For Cpap Intolerant Patients With Moderate To Severe Osa, Jacob Stadiem
Cpap-Mad Combination Therapy For Cpap Intolerant Patients With Moderate To Severe Osa, Jacob Stadiem
Theses & Dissertations
The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for a multidisciplinary approach between dentistry and medicine. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for OSA treatment, but the non-adherence rates are high. The mandibular advancement device (MAD) has a higher acceptance rate than the CPAP, however the efficacy is much lower in cases of moderate to severe OSA. This thesis attempted to evaluate if there was a change in compliance when a MAD was added as a combination therapy to moderate to severe OSA subjects that were currently non-compliant with their CPAP. In addition, the change in air …
Redirection Of The Immune Response To Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Infection, Anna G. Staudacher
Redirection Of The Immune Response To Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Infection, Anna G. Staudacher
Theses & Dissertations
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of community- and healthcare-associated infections and has a propensity to form biofilms. Biofilm infections are recalcitrant to host immune-mediated clearance as well as antibiotics, making them exceptionally difficult to eradicate. The biofilm environment has been shown to skew the host immune response towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, characterized by alternatively activated macrophages, recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and minimal neutrophil and T cell infiltrates. Our laboratory has attempted to redirect the host immune response towards one that would favor bacterial clearance by employing strategies to augment pro-inflammatory mechanisms. One such …
Development Of C5ar-Targeted Nanoparticles For Delivery Of Vaccines, Shailendra Bharadwaj Tallapaka Venkata Sesha
Development Of C5ar-Targeted Nanoparticles For Delivery Of Vaccines, Shailendra Bharadwaj Tallapaka Venkata Sesha
Theses & Dissertations
Since the early attempts of Benjamin Jesty at inducing immunity against smallpox and the pioneering work of Edward Jenner, vaccination has been, and continues to remain, the principal method of protection from diseases. However, most of the successful vaccines have been against pathogens that do not have major mechanisms to evade the immune system. So far, many life-threatening diseases like hepatitis C, HIV infection, malaria etc., have been resistant to existing vaccination strategies. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccination strategies that can generate long-lived protective immunity against such pathogens.
The purpose of this thesis is to …
Nutrition Status In Hospitalized Patients With Copd On Non-Invasive Ventilation, Sara M. Kvien Jensen
Nutrition Status In Hospitalized Patients With Copd On Non-Invasive Ventilation, Sara M. Kvien Jensen
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Nutrition is an important aspect of critically ill hospitalized patient care but the lack of consistent nutritional guidelines for sub-critically ill patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) may be putting vulnerable patients at risk. Hand grip strength measurements are an emerging metric for nutritional status.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if hospitalized patients with COPD on NPPV show a difference in handgrip strength as a marker of nutritional status than those hospitalized patients with COPD not requiring NPPV.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study …
The Roles Of Ecdysoneless In Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Oncogenesis, Appolinaire A. Olou
The Roles Of Ecdysoneless In Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Oncogenesis, Appolinaire A. Olou
Theses & Dissertations
Tumor cells are well known to exhibit ER stress as a result of their altered environment characterized by redox and calcium imbalance, deregulation of protein synthesis to meet their oncogenic demands, and decreased vascularization associated with nutrient limitation and hypoxia, all of which are conducive of ER stress. Accordingly, markers of ER stress signaling response are up-regulated in various cancers. The outcome of ER stress signaling response varies from survival and adaption to apoptosis. Although pro-apoptotic ER stress signaling molecules are up-regulated in cancer, the mechanisms by which cancer cells seem refractory to, or evade, their apoptotic signaling are not …
Structural Violence And Gender-Based Violence In The United States, Sarbinaz Z. Bekmuratova
Structural Violence And Gender-Based Violence In The United States, Sarbinaz Z. Bekmuratova
Theses & Dissertations
Three components of the dissertation project examined the relationship between three different constructs of structural violence and women’s experience of different violence types in their lifetime in the United States. The violence types examined in the study included psychological aggression, coercive control and entrapment, physical violence, stalking, sexual violence, and rape. 2010 National Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Survey with the final sample size of 9,827 was used for all three portions of the study to analyze the association of structural violence with six types of violence. Additional datasets used were Institute for Women’s Policy Research’s Status of Women …
Bedtime Fading With Response Cost For Treatment Of Sleep Disturbances In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sela Ann Sanberg
Bedtime Fading With Response Cost For Treatment Of Sleep Disturbances In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sela Ann Sanberg
Theses & Dissertations
As many as 82% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience numerous chronic sleep-related problems and at a much higher frequency and severity than their typically developing peers. Behavioral treatments are considered best practice and first-line treatment to address sleep problems. These treatments tend to address one specific sleep-related behavior at a time. Bedtime Fading with Response Cost (BFRC) is a promising intervention that targets a multitude of sleep problems concurrently and has yet to be replicated by more than one investigative team in the home setting with children on the autism spectrum. This study evaluated the effectiveness of …
Dnmt3a Haploinsufficiency Provokes Hematologic Malignancy Of B-Lymphoid, T-Lymphoid, And Myeloid Lineage In Mice, Garland Michael Upchurch
Dnmt3a Haploinsufficiency Provokes Hematologic Malignancy Of B-Lymphoid, T-Lymphoid, And Myeloid Lineage In Mice, Garland Michael Upchurch
Theses & Dissertations
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is a master epigenetic regulator of benign and malignant hematopoiesis. To dissect the biological consequences of homozygous and heterozygous Dnmt3a inactivation in malignant hematopoiesis, we generated Dnmt3a homozygous null (Dnmt3aΔ/Δ) and Dnmt3a heterozygous (Dnmt3a+/–) mice and compared the presentations of hematologic malignancies between cohorts. Bi-allelic inactivation of Dnmt3a results in the presentation of mature lymphoid neoplasms resembling chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; B220+CD19+CD5+; 88% penetrance (37/42)) and CD8+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL; TCRβ+CD3+CD8+CD4—; 40% penetrance (17/42)). …
Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits With Dental Conditions: Outcomes And Policy Implications In The States Of California, Nebraska And New York, Sankeerth Rampa
Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits With Dental Conditions: Outcomes And Policy Implications In The States Of California, Nebraska And New York, Sankeerth Rampa
Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this dissertation was to present state-level estimates of hospital-based emergency department (ED) visits with dental conditions across all ages in the states of California, Nebraska, and New York. Also, this dissertation examined the outcomes and impact of changes in Medicaid policies on the utilization of ED with dental problems. State Emergency Department Databases (California, Nebraska, and New York), a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) was used for this dissertation. Dental conditions were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. High-risk groups visiting EDs with dental conditions were …
Development Of Cxcr4 Inhibitors For Topical Treatment Of Psoriasis, Suthida Boonsith
Development Of Cxcr4 Inhibitors For Topical Treatment Of Psoriasis, Suthida Boonsith
Theses & Dissertations
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often associated with systemic comorbidities and impaired skin barrier function. There are several treatment options including topical treatment with immunosuppressants, phototherapy, and systemic therapies using small molecules and biological agents. However, none of them can be regarded as a perfect solution due to their toxicity during chronic use. Recently, the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis was found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. AMD3100, a small molecule CXCR4 antagonist can selectively bind to CXCR4 and inhibit skin inflammation, reduce angiogenesis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Unfortunately, AMD3100 can only be …
Patient-Centered Medical Home Adoption In School-Based Health Centers, Abbey Gregg
Patient-Centered Medical Home Adoption In School-Based Health Centers, Abbey Gregg
Theses & Dissertations
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is promoted as a primary care delivery design that can improve health care quality and patient outcomes while controlling health care costs. To achieve PCMH recognition, primary care providers must implement practice-level changes in order to deliver care that is comprehensive, coordinated, accessible, high quality, and whole-person oriented. This practice transformation requires advanced use of health information technology, staff investment in quality improvement and care coordination, and significant investments of both financial and human resources to support these activities. As a safety-net provider, school-based health centers (SBHCs) serve vulnerable children that typically experience barriers to …
Understanding The Chondrogenic Potential Of Articular Chondrocytes, Krishna Sarma
Understanding The Chondrogenic Potential Of Articular Chondrocytes, Krishna Sarma
Theses & Dissertations
Articular cartilage is a smooth, visco-elastic, aneural, avascular tissue made of water, an exquisitely organized framework of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and collagen fibrils and articular chondrocytes. It’s beautiful organization and composition provide it with the flexibility and strength to cover, protect and lubricate the ends of long bones in a diarthrodial joint. Cartilage homeostasis relies on articular chondrocytes to translate the mechanical forces of daily activity into efficient remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Age, joint injury, or other insulting factors can progressively incapacitate articular chondrocytes, resulting in cartilage lesions that devolve to degenerative joint disease. Therefore, the central idea explored in …
Epidemiologic And Clinical Profiles Of Uterine Cancer In The Gharbiah Province Of Egypt, Saad Alshahrani
Epidemiologic And Clinical Profiles Of Uterine Cancer In The Gharbiah Province Of Egypt, Saad Alshahrani
Theses & Dissertations
Background: Uterine cancer is one of the top-ranking cancers of women with wide international variations in incidence rates. Egypt has a lower incidence of uterine cancer than other countries in the Middle East. In addition to the international incidence variation, there are also wide variations in incidence by rural and urban areas within countries. Therefore, this research project focused on the Gharbiah province, north of Cairo in the Nile Delta, with the aims of investigating demographic and clinical characteristics of uterine cancer, assessing rural/urban variation in incidence rates, and evaluating the possible role of hysterectomy in under-estimating the disease incidence …
A Cadaveric Study Of Coronary Artery Variations, Mitchell Lee Milanuk
A Cadaveric Study Of Coronary Artery Variations, Mitchell Lee Milanuk
Theses & Dissertations
Coronary artery diseases, such as angina or myocardial infarction, are extremely prevalent and impact millions of people worldwide. Underlying the diseases, and how they affect each individual in a distinct manner, is the individual’s coronary artery anatomy. The aim of the present study is to have an intimate knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the coronary arteries. As an attempt to gain such knowledge, complete analysis of the anatomical variations of coronary arteries was performed. Classical cadaveric dissection of sixty human hearts was performed in the gross anatomy laboratory at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC). Precise …
Delivery Of Small Molecule And Rna For The Treatment Of Type 1 Diabetes And Prostate Cancer, Di Wen
Delivery Of Small Molecule And Rna For The Treatment Of Type 1 Diabetes And Prostate Cancer, Di Wen
Theses & Dissertations
The aim of this thesis is to develop combination therapy using a small molecule and RNA including siRNA, shRNA, or miRNA inhibitor for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and prostate cancer. New amphiphilic biodegradable polymers capable of co-delivering small hydrophobic molecules and RNAs or human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) for co-delivery of an shRNA and a miRNA inhibitor were used as drug delivery platform. The drug delivery properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo islet transplantation, subcutaneous and orthotopic prostate cancer models.
In Chapter 1, an overview of prostate cancer, the role of miRNA and …
Anatomical Variations Of The Sciatic Nerve Divisions In Relation To The Piriformis Muscle And Clinical Implications, Jonathan I. Van Erdewyk
Anatomical Variations Of The Sciatic Nerve Divisions In Relation To The Piriformis Muscle And Clinical Implications, Jonathan I. Van Erdewyk
Theses & Dissertations
The goal of this project was to identify and quantify the anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve divisions in relation to the piriformis muscle and compare the data collected to the primary literature. This was done in an effort to provide awareness of sciatic nerve entrapments within the subgluteal space that may be responsible for posterior hip and buttock pain. While the current means of diagnosis are through physical examination, imaging techniques, and surgery, the results of this present study indicate that new methods of diagnosis need to be explored.
Sex And Sexuality Of Breast Cancer Survivors, Aja D. Kneip Pelster
Sex And Sexuality Of Breast Cancer Survivors, Aja D. Kneip Pelster
Theses & Dissertations
With new diagnostic technologies and treatment modalities available, more people than ever are living as cancer survivors in the United States. A large group of this population consists of breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this research was to explore the intersection of breast cancer survivorship, at points beyond the termination of treatment, and sexuality, including expressions and performance of gender, relationships, and sexual behavior. The current study used semi-structured interviews, conducted with 21 Midwestern women at least 6-months post-treatment, to better understand the intersection of these two concepts. Following traditions of narrative and phenomenological qualitative research, the women’s own …
Peer Intervention To Increase Physical Activity Among Working Women, Sheri A. Rowland
Peer Intervention To Increase Physical Activity Among Working Women, Sheri A. Rowland
Theses & Dissertations
Most Americans do not engage in enough healthy physical activity (PA), with working women particularly at-risk for inactivity. Workplace PA interventions have been effective, however studies using peers as the central theoretical strategy, have not been found. Social cognitive theory and social comparison theory were used to develop a peer-modeling workplace PA intervention. The aims of this experimental, two-group, preliminary study were: 1) assess intervention feasibility, 2) determine the intervention effect on cardiorespiratory fitness (primary outcome), and PA behavior, cardiovascular risk, self-efficacy, motivation, and social comparison, and 3) describe participant perceptions of the intervention using qualitative focus-group data. Female employees …