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- Child sexual abuse (3)
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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Time Course Of Prepulse Inhibition Disruption Induced By Dopamine Agonists And Nmda Antagonists: Effects Of Drug Administration Regimen, Ming Li, Wei He, Jing Chen
Time Course Of Prepulse Inhibition Disruption Induced By Dopamine Agonists And Nmda Antagonists: Effects Of Drug Administration Regimen, Ming Li, Wei He, Jing Chen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response is impaired in patients with schizophrenia and in animals acutely treated with dopamine agonists and NMDA antagonists. In this study, we investigated the time course of PPI disruption induced by repeated amphetamine, quinpirole, phencyclidine (PCP), and dizocilpine (MK-801) treatment. We focused on how PPI disruption development was influenced by drug administration regimens, comparing a constant versus an escalating dosing regimen. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were repeatedly treated with amphetamine (1.25–5.0 mg/kg, or constant 5.0 mg/kg, sc), PCP (0.50–2.0 mg/kg, or constant 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, sc), quinpirole (0.03–0.12 mg/kg, or constant 0.12 mg/kg, …
The Cumulative Impact Of Sexual Revictimization On Emotion Regulation Difficulties: An Examination Of Female Inmates, Kate Walsh, David K. Dilillo, Mario J. Scalora
The Cumulative Impact Of Sexual Revictimization On Emotion Regulation Difficulties: An Examination Of Female Inmates, Kate Walsh, David K. Dilillo, Mario J. Scalora
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study examined associations between child sexual abuse (CSA), adult sexual victimization, and emotion regulation difficulties in a sample of 168 incarcerated women. Approximately 50% of the participants reported CSA, 54% reported adult sexual victimization, and 38% reported sexual revictimization (i.e., CSA and adult victimization). Revictimized women reported significantly greater difficulties with several facets of emotion regulation when compared to singly victimized and nonvictimized women. Interestingly, singly victimized women did not demonstrate greater emotion regulation deficits when compared to nonvictims. Findings suggest that the negative impact of victimization experiences on adult emotion regulation abilities may be cumulative. Furthermore, they …
Time Course Of The Attenuation Effect Of Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment On Prepulse Inhibition Disruption Induced By Repeated Phencyclidine Treatment, Ming Li, Erik He, Nick Volf
Time Course Of The Attenuation Effect Of Repeated Antipsychotic Treatment On Prepulse Inhibition Disruption Induced By Repeated Phencyclidine Treatment, Ming Li, Erik He, Nick Volf
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Antagonism of prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits produced by psychotomimetic drugs has been widely used as an effective tool for the study of the mechanisms of antipsychotic action and identifying potential antipsychotic drugs. Many studies have relied on the acute effect of a single administration of antipsychotics, whereas patients with schizophrenia are treated chronically with antipsychotic drugs. The clinical relevance of acute antipsychotic effect in this model is still an open question. In this study, we investigated the time course of repeated antipsychotic treatment on persistent PPI deficit induced by repeated phencyclidine (PCP) treatment. After a baseline test with saline, male …
Interventions For Families Victimized By Child Sexual Abuse: Clinical Issues And Approaches For Child Advocacy Center-Based Services, Poonam Tavkar, David J. Hansen
Interventions For Families Victimized By Child Sexual Abuse: Clinical Issues And Approaches For Child Advocacy Center-Based Services, Poonam Tavkar, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Child sexual abuse poses serious mental health risks, not only to child victims but also to non-offending family members. As the impact of child sexual abuse is heterogeneous, varied mental health interventions should be available in order to ensure that effective and individualized treatments are implemented. Treatment modalities for child victims and non-offending family members are identified and described. The benefits of providing on-site mental health services at Child Advocacy Centers to better triage and provide care are discussed through a description of an existing Child Advocacy Center-based treatment program. Recommendations for research and clinical practice are provided.
The Good, The Bad, And The Rare: Memory For Partners In Social Interactions, Jenny Volstorf, Jörg Rieskamp, Jeffrey R. Stevens
The Good, The Bad, And The Rare: Memory For Partners In Social Interactions, Jenny Volstorf, Jörg Rieskamp, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
For cooperation to evolve via direct reciprocity, individuals must track their partners’ behavior to avoid exploitation. With increasing size of the interaction group, however, memory becomes error prone. To decrease memory effort, people could categorize partners into types, distinguishing cooperators and cheaters. We explored two ways in which people might preferentially track one partner type: remember cheaters or remember the rare type in the population. We assigned participants to one of three interaction groups which differed in the proportion of computer partners’ types (defectors rare, equal proportion, or cooperators rare). We extended research on both hypotheses in two ways. First, …
Spatial Discounting Of Food And Social Rewards In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Nelly Mühlhoff, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Simon M. Reader
Spatial Discounting Of Food And Social Rewards In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Nelly Mühlhoff, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Simon M. Reader
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In temporal discounting, animals trade off the time to obtain a reward against the quality of a reward, choosing between a smaller reward available sooner versus a larger reward available later. Similar discounting can apply over space, when animals choose between smaller and closer versus larger and more distant rewards. Most studies of temporal and spatial discounting in non-human animals use food as the reward, and it is not established whether animals trade off other preferred stimuli in similar ways. Here, we offered female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) a spatial discounting task in which we measured preferences for a larger reward …
The Traumatic Stress Response In Child Maltreatment And Resultant Neuropsychological Effects, Kathryn R. Wilson, David J. Hansen, Ming Li
The Traumatic Stress Response In Child Maltreatment And Resultant Neuropsychological Effects, Kathryn R. Wilson, David J. Hansen, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem in our society that has long-term detrimental consequences to the development of the affected child such as future brain growth and functioning. In this paper, we surveyed empirical evidence on the neuropsychological effects of child maltreatment, with a special emphasis on emotional, behavioral, and cognitive process–response difficulties experienced by maltreated children. The alteration of the biochemical stress response system in the brain that changes an individual’s ability to respond efficiently and efficaciously to future stressors is conceptualized as the traumatic stress response. Vulnerable brain regions include the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and …
Olanzapine And Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding By Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience Of Conditioned Stimulus: Further Evidence, Chen Zhang, Yiru Fang, Ming Li
Olanzapine And Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding By Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience Of Conditioned Stimulus: Further Evidence, Chen Zhang, Yiru Fang, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Suppression of conditioned avoidance response is a preclinical behavioral index of antipsychotic activity. Previous work shows that olanzapine and risperidone disrupt avoidance response elicited by a less salient conditioned stimulus (CS2) to a greater extent than avoidance elicited by a more salient stimulus (CS1), suggesting that antipsychotic drugs may have a weakening action on motivational salience of stimuli. In the present study, we further examined this mechanism of antipsychotic action, focusing on the possible impact of baseline difference of CS1 and CS2 response rates on the avoidance-disruptive effect of olanzapine and risperidone. Rats were first trained to acquire avoidance responding …
Multiple “Hits” During Postnatal And Early Adulthood Periods Disrupt The Normal Development Of Sensorimotor Gating Ability In Rats, Jing Chen, Zucheng Wang, Ming Li
Multiple “Hits” During Postnatal And Early Adulthood Periods Disrupt The Normal Development Of Sensorimotor Gating Ability In Rats, Jing Chen, Zucheng Wang, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In the present study, we evaluated a multiple-hit animal model of schizophrenia in an attempt to capture the complex interactions among various adverse developmental factors in schizophrenia. Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to receive either repeated daily 3-h maternal separation for eight days (first “hit”) on postnatal days (PND) 3 to 10, and/or avoidance conditioning for six days (second “hit”) on PND 49–56, and/or repeated phencyclidine treatment (third “hit”, 3.0 mg/kg, sc) immediately after each daily avoidance conditioning. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex was assessed at late adolescence (PND 41–43) and early adulthood (PND 62–63). The change in %PPI …
Heterogeneity Of Individuals With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse: An Examination Of Children Presenting To Treatment, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen, Karen Z. Naufel
Heterogeneity Of Individuals With A History Of Child Sexual Abuse: An Examination Of Children Presenting To Treatment, C. Thresa Yancey, David J. Hansen, Karen Z. Naufel
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The current study examined children and families who presented for treatment through Project SAFE (Sexual Abuse Family Education) following childhood sexual abuse. Pretreatment assessment data were used to develop clusters of participants with significantly differing presentation of symptom outcome following abuse. Four clusters were discovered: (a) a Highly Distressed group, whose members had clinically elevated scores on all self- and parent-report measures; (b) a Problem Behaviors group, whose members had scores within the normal range for self-report measures and elevated scores on all parent-report measures; (c) a Subclinical group, whose participants had scores below the mean and below cutoff scores …
To Google Or Not To Google: Graduate Students’ Use Of The Internet To Access Personal Information About Clients, David K. Dilillo, Emily B. Gale
To Google Or Not To Google: Graduate Students’ Use Of The Internet To Access Personal Information About Clients, David K. Dilillo, Emily B. Gale
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The emergence of Internet search and social media sites now permits therapists to obtain a plethora of personal information about their clients online. These behaviors raise a number of ethical issues related to client privacy, self-determination, and informed consent. The purpose of this study is to examine student therapists’ opinions and behaviors in regard to the use these websites to search for information about their clients. A national sample of 854 psychology doctoral students was surveyed in regard to their online activities, attitudes, and frequency of searching for client information online. Results showed that Internet usage is pervasive in this …
The Internship Application Process: Advice You Might Not Have Heard (Student Forum), David K. Dilillo, Thad R. Leffingwell
The Internship Application Process: Advice You Might Not Have Heard (Student Forum), David K. Dilillo, Thad R. Leffingwell
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Offers advice about the mastering the application process for a psychology clinical training internship, including: making your dissertation sound interesting, interviewing effectively, and tips for writing engaging essays.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Immigrants Presenting With Social Anxiety Disorder: Two Case Studies, Brandon J. Weiss, J. Suzanne Singh, Debra Anne Hope
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Immigrants Presenting With Social Anxiety Disorder: Two Case Studies, Brandon J. Weiss, J. Suzanne Singh, Debra Anne Hope
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) has demonstrated efficacy in numerous randomized trials. However, few studies specifically examine the applicability of such treatment for ethnic minority clients. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present two case studies examining the utility of individualized CBT for SAD with two clients who immigrated to the United States, one from Central America and one from China, for whom English was not the primary language. Both clients demonstrated improvement on a semistructured interview and self-report measures. Necessary adaptations were modest, suggesting that therapy could be conducted in a …
Treatment Effects For Common Outcomes Of Child Sexual Abuse: A Current Meta-Analysis, Emily V. Trask, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo
Treatment Effects For Common Outcomes Of Child Sexual Abuse: A Current Meta-Analysis, Emily V. Trask, Kate Walsh, David Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present meta-analysis examined the effects of psychosocial treatments at reducing deleterious outcomes of sexual abuse. The meta-analysis included a total of 35 published and unpublished studies written in English, focusing on youth under the age of 18, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for the most common negative outcomes of sexual abuse: PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Results revealed medium effect sizes for PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems following treatment for sexual abuse. This study also examined the potential moderating effects of treatment (e.g., modality, duration, and inclusion of caregiver) and participant (e.g., age, gender, …
Treatment Effects For Common Outcomes Of Child Sexual Abuse: A Current Meta-Analysis, Emily Trask, Kate Walsh, David K. Dilillo
Treatment Effects For Common Outcomes Of Child Sexual Abuse: A Current Meta-Analysis, Emily Trask, Kate Walsh, David K. Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present meta-analysis examined the effects of psychosocial treatments at reducing deleterious outcomes of sexual abuse. The meta-analysis included a total of 35 published and unpublished studies written in English, focusing on youth under the age of 18, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for the most common negative outcomes of sexual abuse: PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Results revealed medium effect sizes for PTSD symptoms, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems following treatment for sexual abuse. This study also examined the potential moderating effects of treatment (e.g., modality, duration, and inclusion of caregiver) and participant (e.g., age, gender, …
Waiting For Grapes: Expectancy And Delayed Gratification In Bonobos, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Alexandra G. Rosati, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Nelly Mühlhoff
Waiting For Grapes: Expectancy And Delayed Gratification In Bonobos, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Alexandra G. Rosati, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Nelly Mühlhoff
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Responses to delayed rewards vary widely across individuals and have important implications for personality and temperament. Animals may avoid delayed rewards because the future is uncertain. Therefore, expectations about receiving a future reward should influence the response to delayed payoffs. Here, we offered bonobos (Pan paniscus) a delayed gratification task in which food accumulated over time. Once subjects chose to consume the reward, food stopped accumulating. We tested their willingness to wait with a reliable and an unreliable experimenter to vary the subjects’ expectations that they would receive the food. Subjects waited less often with the unreliable experimenter …
Exploring Separable Components Of Institutional Confidence, Joseph A. Hamm, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Alan Tomkins, Mitchel Herian, Brian H. Bornstein, Elizabeth Neeley
Exploring Separable Components Of Institutional Confidence, Joseph A. Hamm, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Alan Tomkins, Mitchel Herian, Brian H. Bornstein, Elizabeth Neeley
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Despite its contemporary and theoretical importance in numerous social scientific disciplines, institutional confidence research is limited by a lack of consensus regarding the distinctions and relationships among related constructs (e.g., trust, confidence, legitimacy, distrust, etc.). This study examined four confidence-related constructs that have been used in studies of trust/confidence in the courts: dispositional trust, trust in institutions, obligation to obey the law, and cynicism. First, the separability of the four constructs was examined by exploratory factor analyses. Relationships among the constructs were also assessed. Next, multiple regression analyses were used to explore each construct’s independent contribution to confidence in the …
Forgetting Constrains The Emergence Of Cooperative Decision Strategies, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Jenny Volstorf, Lael J. Schooler, Jörg Rieskamp
Forgetting Constrains The Emergence Of Cooperative Decision Strategies, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Jenny Volstorf, Lael J. Schooler, Jörg Rieskamp
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Theoretical studies of cooperative behavior have focused on decision strategies that depend on a partner’s last choices. The findings from this work assume that players accurately remember past actions. The kind of memory that these strategies employ, however, does not reflect what we know about memory. Here, we show that human memory may not meet the requirements needed to use these strategies. When asked to recall the previous behavior of simulated partners in a cooperative memory task, participants performed poorly, making errors in 10–24% of the trials. Participants made more errors when required to track more partners. We conducted agent-based …