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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Catecholamine Training Effects From Exercise Programs: A Bridge To Exercise-Temperament Relationships, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia,, Marc Barnes, Gerald Tharp, Richard J. Schmidt
Catecholamine Training Effects From Exercise Programs: A Bridge To Exercise-Temperament Relationships, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia,, Marc Barnes, Gerald Tharp, Richard J. Schmidt
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Three studies were conducted to test whether a catecholamine training effect results from a long-term aerobic exercise program. Study 1 showed significant increases in urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline following moderate mental stress/challenge for male aerobics subjects after a semester of training. Control groups of nonexercisers and continuously in-condition marathoners showed no comparable pre- to post semester catecholamine increases. Male and female Aerobics subjects were contrasted with nonexercisers across a semester in Study 2; the hypothesis was confirmed that postsemester increases in catecholamines occurred only following an episode of mental challenges/stress, and not following base-rate-rest conditions. Under conditions of more active …
Congruence Between Objective And Self-Report Data In A Sample Of Young Adolescents, Lisa J. Crockett, John E. Schulenberg, Anne C. Petersen
Congruence Between Objective And Self-Report Data In A Sample Of Young Adolescents, Lisa J. Crockett, John E. Schulenberg, Anne C. Petersen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Methodology texts frequently emphasize the limitations of self-report measures. Empirical information on the validity of self-report data, however, tends to be limited to particular topics and populations. This paper examines the validity of self-report data in a sample of young adolescents for whom objective and self-report data were available on course grades, height, and weight. A comparison of the two kinds of data generally supported the validity of the self-reports, although there was some evidence of response effects. It was concluded that while young adolescents exhibit some systematic errors in reporting, self-reports can provide a useful substitute for some kinds …
Maternal And Nutritional Contributions To Infant Rats’Activational Responses To Ingestion, Brian H. Bornstein, Leslie M. Terry, Joseph A. Browde Jr.
Maternal And Nutritional Contributions To Infant Rats’Activational Responses To Ingestion, Brian H. Bornstein, Leslie M. Terry, Joseph A. Browde Jr.
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Infant rats deprived of food, maternal care, and the opportunity to suckle display a dramatic behavioral activation and vigorously ingest when provided milk through oral cannulas. These experiments assessed which components of deprivation are important in producing these responses to milk. Nutritional deprivation alone, with or without the presence of an active maternal female, appears to be sufficient to produce ingestion. Behavioral activation, on the other hand, appears to require both nutritional deprivation and deprivation from a maternal female. The effect of maternal stimulation on later behavioral reactivity was not a function of the pups’ opportunity to suckle. However, active …
The Relationship Of Temperament To Tolerance Of Cold And Heat: Beyond “Cold Hands-Warm Heart”, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia, Noreen S. Wilcox
The Relationship Of Temperament To Tolerance Of Cold And Heat: Beyond “Cold Hands-Warm Heart”, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia, Noreen S. Wilcox
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Thermal regulation and peripheral arousal in episodes of emotion are dependent upon similar autonomic and hormonal processes. Thermal-tolerance measure were developed and validated in order to indirectly assess adrenergic (cold tolerance) and cholinergic (heat tolerance) responsivity. We hypothesized that cold tolerance would correlate with reduced emotionality (largely fear and anxiety) and depression, and with increased stimulus seeking and dispositions toward activity; those hypotheses were confirmed. Tentatively advanced hypotheses that heat tolerance would correlate with reduced depression and emotional states were not confirmed, but heat tolerance was positively associated with activity and (weakly) with some of the same dimensions of temperament …
Pubertal Status And Psychosocial Development: Findings From The Early Adolescence Study, Lisa J. Crockett, Anne C. Petersen
Pubertal Status And Psychosocial Development: Findings From The Early Adolescence Study, Lisa J. Crockett, Anne C. Petersen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Beginning in 1978, we have conducted a longitudinal study of early adolescent development. A major objective of this research has been to examine the influence of pubertal changes on other aspects of development during this period. With regard to pubertal effects we wished to address two major questions. First, what aspects of behavior seem to be affected by pubertal development? (In other words, are pubertal effects pervasive or relatively circumscribed, and if they are circumscribed, which aspects of behavior are involved?) Second, how does pubertal change exert an influence--does it operate directly on specific aspects of behavior and performance (for …