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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Potential Bioactives And Inflammatory Mediators Regulating Adipose Tissue Function In Obesity, Seok-Yeong Yu
Potential Bioactives And Inflammatory Mediators Regulating Adipose Tissue Function In Obesity, Seok-Yeong Yu
Doctoral Dissertations
Obesity is a serious health problem in the U.S. and worldwide and is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Observational studies have also shown an inverse relationship between obesity and reduced bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins, which is due in part to increased sequestration in expanded adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as the primary site of storage organ for excess energy, however, in morbid obesity enlarged adipocytes exhibit decreased lipid uptake, impaired lipid hydrolysis and oxidation and increased inflammation, which are collectively referred to as AT dysfunction. Substantial evidence characterizes AT …
A Cross-Sectional Study Of Phthalate Exposure And Inflammation Biomarker Levels Among Postmenopausal Women, Avery Trim
A Cross-Sectional Study Of Phthalate Exposure And Inflammation Biomarker Levels Among Postmenopausal Women, Avery Trim
Masters Theses
Phthalates are industrial chemicals added to plastics found in products such as children’s toys, cosmetics, and household items, and some laboratory studies suggest phthalates may increase levels of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is associated with many chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Although research is limited, recent studies suggest a strong positive relationship between mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP) and c-reactive protein (CRP), as well as monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, this relationship has not been examined among postmenopausal women, a population that is at higher risk …
Hydrogen Sulfide And Carnosine: Modulation Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Kidney And Brain Axis, Vittorio Calabrese, Maria Scuto, Angela Trovato Salinao, Giuseppe Dionisio, Sergio Modafferi, Maria Laura Ontario, Valentina Greco, Sebastiano Sciuto, Claus Peter Schmitt, Edward Calabrese Ph.D., Verena Peters
Hydrogen Sulfide And Carnosine: Modulation Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Kidney And Brain Axis, Vittorio Calabrese, Maria Scuto, Angela Trovato Salinao, Giuseppe Dionisio, Sergio Modafferi, Maria Laura Ontario, Valentina Greco, Sebastiano Sciuto, Claus Peter Schmitt, Edward Calabrese Ph.D., Verena Peters
Environmental Health Sciences Faculty Publication Series
Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain disorders. In this light, endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exert cytoprotective actions through the modulation of redox-dependent resilience pathways during oxidative stress and inflammation. Several recent studies have elucidated a functional crosstalk occurring between kidney and the brain. The pathophysiological link of this crosstalk is represented by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes which contribute to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia during the natural history of chronic kidney …
Micronutrients, Inflammation And Depression Among Women Of Reproductive Age From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008, Joycelyn M. Faraj
Micronutrients, Inflammation And Depression Among Women Of Reproductive Age From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008, Joycelyn M. Faraj
Doctoral Dissertations
Depression is the leading cause of disease burden among women. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is associated with depression, and factors that contribute to inflammation can be addressed through nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Vitamins B6 and D have been linked with depression and have established roles in inflammation, yet their associations with depression in the presence of low-grade inflammation remain unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate how high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, contributes to different dimensions of depression and to determine to what degree inflammation affects the association between vitamins B6 …
Obesity-Induced Inflammation In Human Mammary Tissue: A Potential Microenvironment Favorable To The Development Of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Via The Wnt Signaling Pathway, Agathe A. Roubert
Masters Theses
In the United States, over one third of adult women are obese, and one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis regardless of menopausal status. However, the mechanisms involved in the relationship between obesity and breast cancer are still not fully understood. Wnt signaling is often elevated in breast tumors (~60%) and is suspected to play a key role in cancer development. It has been shown that inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, …
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Muscle Response To Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage In Chronic Cigarette Smokers, Nina Moore
Doctoral Dissertations
Smoking increases risk for musculoskeletal injury and protracts healing. The underlying mechanisms have not been explored, yet dysregulated inflammatory responses may contribute. To investigate these risks, Study 1 of this dissertation monitored typical responses to muscle damaging eccentric contractions (ECC) in smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers experienced greater muscle fatigue both during and immediately after ECC and greater delayed hyperalgesia, a phenomenon known as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), than did non-smokers. DOMS (driven by inflammation) peaks 48h after ECC, when there is a shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory signaling; thus I chose to investigate this time further in smokers. The …
Serum Zinc Concentration And C-Reactive Protein In Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Positive Living With Hiv (Polh) Study, Krishna Poudel, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar
Serum Zinc Concentration And C-Reactive Protein In Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Positive Living With Hiv (Polh) Study, Krishna Poudel, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar
Elaine Marieb College of Nursing Faculty Publication Series
Low zinc levels and chronic inflammation are common in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Zinc deficiency may promote systemic inflammation, but research on the role of zinc in inflammation among HIV-positive individuals taking account of antiretroviral therapy is lacking. We assessed the association between serum zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 311 HIV-positive individuals (177 men and 134 women) aged 18–60 years residing in Kathmandu, Nepal. High-sensitive or regular serum CRP concentrations were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry or turbidimetric method, and zinc concentrations were …
Associations Between Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Young Women (18 – 30 Years), Adolphina Addo-Lartey
Associations Between Vitamin D Status, Adiposity, And Inflammatory Biomarkers In Young Women (18 – 30 Years), Adolphina Addo-Lartey
Doctoral Dissertations
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 270 (18- to 30-year old) female participants in the UMass Amherst Vitamin D Status Study (n = 270) to assess the extent to which dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated with obesity markers. We also evaluated the association between serum 25-OHD concentrations and both adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers. Study participants were mostly Caucasians (84.5%) with normal BMI, although about half of women had high adiposity (total body fat ‘TBF’≥ 32%). Women reporting adequate intakes of calcium (≥ 1000 mg/day) but low intakes of vitamin D (< 600 IU/day) were more than twice as likely to have a high percentage of TBF compared to women with adequate intakes of both calcium and vitamin D. In addition, women with lower calcium intake from supplements were twice as likely to have a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.04 – 3.99) compared to women in the highest tertile of calcium intake. The magnitude of this association is important since among young women 18-30 years old, a waist circumference greater than 80 cm indicates central obesity and suggests increased visceral adiposity, which contributes to hyperlipidemia and other obesity-related chronic conditions. Among all women, total vitamin D, food vitamin D, and supplemental vitamin D intake were not associated with serum 25-OHD concentration (P > 0.05). However, among supplement …
Dietary Intakes Of Α-Linolenic And Linoleic Acids Are Inversely Associated With Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels Among Japanese Men, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Akiko Nanri, Yumi Matsushita, Satoshi Sasaki, Masanori Ohta, Masao Sato, Tetsuya Mizoue
Dietary Intakes Of Α-Linolenic And Linoleic Acids Are Inversely Associated With Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels Among Japanese Men, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Akiko Nanri, Yumi Matsushita, Satoshi Sasaki, Masanori Ohta, Masao Sato, Tetsuya Mizoue
Elaine Marieb College of Nursing Faculty Publication Series
Investigations suggest a protective role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but opposing roles of n-6 PUFA in inflammation, but the effects in vivo the human are not clear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that higher intakes of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA are associated with lower levels of inflammation among a population consuming a diet high in PUFA. This study aimed to assess theassociation between PUFA intake and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in a group of Japanese employees. The study subjects were 300 men and 211 women aged 21 to 67 years workingin 2 municipal offices of Japan. …
How Exposure To Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, And Increased Pollen Burdens Influence The Incidence Of Asthma, M I. Gilmour, M S. Jaakola, S J. London, A Nel, Christine A. Rogers
How Exposure To Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, And Increased Pollen Burdens Influence The Incidence Of Asthma, M I. Gilmour, M S. Jaakola, S J. London, A Nel, Christine A. Rogers
Christine A. Rogers
Asthma is a multifactorial airway disease that arises from a relatively common genetic background interphased with exposures to allergens and airborne irritants. The rapid rise in asthma over the past three decades in Western societies has been attributed to numerous diverse factors, including increased awareness of the disease, altered lifestyle and activity patterns, and ill-defined changes in environmental exposures. It is well accepted that persons with asthma are more sensitive than persons without asthma to air pollutants such as cigarette smoke, traffic emissions, and photochemical smog components. It has also been demonstrated that exposure to a mix of allergens and …