Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Risk Factors For Ductal And Lobular Breast Cancer: Results From The Nurses' Health Study, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Wendy Chen, Margaret Gates, Shelley Tworoger, Susan Hankinson, Bernard Rosner

Susan E. Hankinson

Introduction Ductal and lobular carcinomas are the two most common types of invasive breast cancer. Whether well-established risk factors are differentially associated with risk on the basis of histologic subtype is not clear. We prospectively investigated the association between a number of hormonal and nonhormonal exposures and risk defined by histologic subtype among 4,655 ductal and 659 lobular cases of postmenopausal breast cancer from the Nurses' Health Study. Methods Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by histologic subtype and time period was used to examine the association between risk factors and the incidence of ductal and lobular subtypes. For each …

Adiposity And The Development Of Premenstrual Syndrome, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Susan Hankinson, Walter Willett, Susan Johnson, Joann Manson

Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson

Background Moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects 8%–20% of premenopausal women and causes substantial levels of impairment, but few modifiable risk factors for PMS have been identified. Adiposity may impact risk through the complex interaction of hormonal and neurochemical factors, but it is not known if adiposity increases a woman's risk of developing PMS. We have addressed these issues in a prospective study nested within the Nurses' Health Study 2. Methods Participants were a subset of women aged 27–44 and free from PMS at baseline, including 1057 women who developed PMS over 10 years of follow-up and 1968 controls. …

Biomonitoring Studies Should Be Used By Regulatory Agencies To Assess Human Exposure Levels And Safety Of Bisphenol A, Laura Vandenberg, Ibrahim Chahoud, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Francisco Paumgartten, Gilbert Schoenfelder

Laura Vandenberg

BACKGROUND: Within the past 3 years, four major evaluations of bisphenol A (BPA) safety have been undertaken. However, these assessments have arrived at quite different conclusions regarding the safety of BPA at current human exposure levels. OBJECTIVES: We compared the reasons provided by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) BPA risk assessment panel for their conclusion that human exposures are negligible with the conclusions reached by the other panels, with all panels having the same body of literature at their disposal. DISCUSSION: The EFSA panel dismissed > or = 80 biomonitoring studies that documented significant levels of BPA exposure in humans, …

Global Gene Expression Analysis In The Livers Of Rat Offspring Perinatally Exposed To Low Doses Of 2,2',4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether, Alexander Suvorov, Larissa Takser

Alexander Suvorov

BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are a group of flame-retardant chemicals appearing increasingly in the environment. Their health effects and mechanisms of toxicity are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES: We screened for the sensitive effects and mechanisms of toxicity of 2,2 ,4,4 -tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) by analyzing the gene expression profile in rats exposed to doses comparable to human exposure.

METHODS: Wistar dams were exposed to vehicle or BDE-47 (0.002 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight) every fifth day from gestation day 15 to postnatal day 20 by injections to caudal vein. Total RNA was extracted from the livers of pups and hybridized to …

Reliability And Validity Of A Nepalese Version Of The Kiddo- Kindl In Adolescents, Nobuko Yamaguchi, Krishna Poudel, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Dipu Shakya, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Nepalese version of the Kiddo-KINDL to measure Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in adolescents. We collected data from 204 students between 13 to 16 years old from four secondary schools in Lalitpur district, Nepal. The students answered a Nepalese version of the Kiddo-KINDL and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) with a selfadministrated questionnaire. We conducted a test-retest study on the instrument at an interval of 10 days and then compared the Kiddo-KINDL scores between the low CES-D score group and the high CES-D score …