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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Association Between School Performance And Body Mass Index, Megan Rajagopal, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar
Association Between School Performance And Body Mass Index, Megan Rajagopal, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between grade point average and other factors, including: body mass index, exercise habits, and weight perception. Data from School-Based Health Promotion Centers (SBHC) were used for this study. Students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades were screened at the SBHC for a variety of behaviors and lifestyle characteristics using the Perkins Adolescent Risk Screen (PARS). Data from a total 579 students (281 males and 298 females; 278 sixth graders, 151 seventh graders, and 150 eight graders) were obtained. Of these students, 145 were underweight, with a BMI less than 18.5; …
Improving Human Papillomavirus Immunization Rates In Kentucky, Nneka S. Udechukwu, Paul Duffin, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar
Improving Human Papillomavirus Immunization Rates In Kentucky, Nneka S. Udechukwu, Paul Duffin, Alissa Briggs, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Vitamins C And E On Endothelial Function In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Rachel-Marie Cazeau, Hong Huang, John A. Bauer, Robert P. Hoffman
Effect Of Vitamins C And E On Endothelial Function In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Rachel-Marie Cazeau, Hong Huang, John A. Bauer, Robert P. Hoffman
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Background/Objectives. Endothelial dysfunction due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage is an important predictor of future cardiovascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is present in adolescent T1DM. We hypothesized that combined treatment with the antioxidant vitamins C and E might improve endothelial function (EF) and other biochemical risk factors in adolescents with T1DM. Subjects/Methods. Open-label antioxidant supplementation was given for six weeks with endpoint measurements collected at baseline and study completion. Endpoints measured included EF and plasma measurements of biochemical endothelial risk. Results. Two males and 7 females were studied. Mean age was 12.9 ± 0.9 yrs; …
Challenges Of Internet And Social Media Use In Adolescents, Mandakini Sadhir, Stephanie J. Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Challenges Of Internet And Social Media Use In Adolescents, Mandakini Sadhir, Stephanie J. Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
There has been tremendous growth in use of technology in recent decades. The majority of teens now have access to a desktop/laptop computer as well as a gaming console and smartphone. With growing internet and social media use teens now face challenges including cyberbullying, sexting and problematic internet use that result in various health implications. Health care providers are in unique position to educate adolescents and families about current challenges and provide age appropriate guidance to promote healthy internet behaviors.
Sexual Minority (Lgbtq) Youth And Role Of Health Care Provider, Mandakini Sadhir, Stephanie J. Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Sexual Minority (Lgbtq) Youth And Role Of Health Care Provider, Mandakini Sadhir, Stephanie J. Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Adolescence is a time period of physical, psychological and cognitive changes. It is an important phase for an individual to discover who they really are (self-identity), how they are perceived (social identity) and how they fit into the environment they live in.1 One of the major tasks of adolescence is sexual maturation and sexual and /or gender identity development.2 Adolescents who are developing as gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender face a tremendous challenge of establishing their identity which is often complex.3 They cope with the feelings of being different and are in constant dilemmas about revealing their …
Paper I: Stress In Adolescents, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Paper I: Stress In Adolescents, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
It is well known that adolescents experience stress. In this article, sources of adolescent stress will be discussed as well as the physiological effects of stress on the body. Stress disorders will also be briefly reviewed. Mainly, research on stress management strategies that have been evaluated in adolescents will be presented. Many studies have a small number of participants and lack control groups. Therefore, there is a need for ongoing research in this important area.
The Importance Of Comprehensive Sexuality Education In Adolescents, Sarah Lebrun, Hatim A. Omar
The Importance Of Comprehensive Sexuality Education In Adolescents, Sarah Lebrun, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Part Ii - Stress And Stress Management Strategies In Adolescents, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Part Ii - Stress And Stress Management Strategies In Adolescents, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
It is well known that adolescents experience stress. In this article, sources of adolescent stress will be discussed as well as the physiological effects of stress on the body. Stress disorders will also be briefly reviewed. Mainly, research on stress management strategies that have been evaluated in adolescents will be presented. Many studies have a small number of participants and lack control groups. Therefore, there is a need for ongoing research in this important area.
Self-Cutting And Suicide In Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar
Self-Cutting And Suicide In Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a common and typically secret phenomenon in adolescents, especially females that involves two main features—self-derogation and negative emotionality. Causes of non-suicidal self-injury include attempts to get help from professionals, express disgust or self-anger, resist suicidal thoughts, and correct episodes of dissociation. DSH is associated with eating disorders and alcohol abuse, as well as other illict drug abuse. Fortunately, most self-cutters are not at high risk for eventual suicide; however, all those with DSH histories should be carefully assessed for suicide as well as offered comprehensive management. Programs for prevention of suicide should be implemented for adolescents …
Disability And Suicide, Divya Nagraj, Hatim A. Omar
Disability And Suicide, Divya Nagraj, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
We provide a systematic review of suicide among adolescents with physical disabilities, intellectual disability and learning disability. A search was performed of English articles published prior to December 2014 in the PubMed database for studies examining suicide, suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation among adolescents with and without varied disabilities. Nine studies were retrieved, of which two studies examined adolescent populations with physical disabilities, three looked at suicide in adolescents with intellectual disability and four studies examined adolescents with learning disabilities. There were consistent results to prove that these adolescents with special needs had an increased tendency to commit suicide and …
Do Not Play With Fire, Joav Merrick, Hatim A. Omar
Do Not Play With Fire, Joav Merrick, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light and various reaction products. Fire is intriguing and therefore something that will attract a curious child from an early age. In 2010, the United States fire department responded to 44,900 fires started by someone, usually a child, playing with fire. These fires caused 90 civilian deaths, 890 civilian injuries and $210 million in direct property damage. Preschoolers and kindergartners are most likely to start these fires, while playing with matches or lighters and most likely to die in these fires. Most fire-play …
United States: Sexual Behavior In Association With Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In Young Girls, Wafa R.R. Al Romaih, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
United States: Sexual Behavior In Association With Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In Young Girls, Wafa R.R. Al Romaih, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The first human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine was approved in the United States in 2006 with the potential to reduce cervical cancer and genital warts. Since then, its efficacy in preventing HPV-related cancers in both males and females has been promising. Despite CDC recommendations, opponents of the vaccine assert that vaccinating preadolescents and adolescents will increase their sexual activity, as well as overtly condone risky sexual behavior. We analyzed clinic data of 499 adolescents with a mean age of 16 years to explore whether vaccination led to change in sexual behavior after one year. Our results showed no statistically significant …
Adolescence And Sexuality, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar
Adolescence And Sexuality, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Contraception In Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Carolyn M. Lentzsch-Parcells, Hatim A. Omar
Contraception In Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Carolyn M. Lentzsch-Parcells, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The age of adolescence is the time when most adolescents in the world begin to be sexually active with resultant millions of pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This chapter considers methods of contraception for these adolescents, including oral contraceptives, transdermal contraception, minipills, intra-vaginal ring, injectable contraception, intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier contraceptives, implants, and others. It is important for clinicians caring for sexually active youth to provide information regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive prescriptions.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds), Donald E. Greydanus, Jane Seyler, Hatim A. Omar
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds), Donald E. Greydanus, Jane Seyler, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
High rates of unprotected sexual behavior in adolescents result in millions of cases of STDs in the world. This chapter reviews factors inducing high STD rates, specific STDs, and their management based on 2010 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STD guidelines. Clinicians should screen all their sexually active adolescent patients for STDs and provide preventive education as well as treatment measures.
Menstrual Bleeding Patterns In Adolescents Using Etonogestrel (Eng) Implant, Amit M. Deokar, Wendy Jackson, Hatim A. Omar
Menstrual Bleeding Patterns In Adolescents Using Etonogestrel (Eng) Implant, Amit M. Deokar, Wendy Jackson, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Background: Etonogestrel (ENG) implant is an effective method of contraception. The implant is designed to provide contraceptive efficacy for 3 years with a relatively quick return of fertility upon its removal. Menstrual irregularities are not uncommon on long-acting progestins and can often be the factor for discontinuation or removal. A retrospective chart analysis was done on 58 patients who chose to be on the ENG implant. Age ranged from 12 to 24 years. The cycle ranged from 1 to 17 months. The mean length of use of the implant was 10.9 months. Over the 20-month period, 13 ENG implants were …
No Significant Change In Sexual Behavior In Association With Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In Young Girls, Wafa R.R. Al Romaih, Archana Srinivas, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
No Significant Change In Sexual Behavior In Association With Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In Young Girls, Wafa R.R. Al Romaih, Archana Srinivas, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The first human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine was approved in the United States in 2006 with the potential to reduce cervical cancer and genital warts. Since then, its efficacy in preventing HPV-related cancers in both males and females has been promising. Despite CDC recommendations, opponents of the vaccine assert that vaccinating pre-adolescents and adolescents will increase their sexual activity, as well as overtly condone risky sexual behavior. We analyzed clinic data of 499 adolescents with a mean age of 16 years to explore whether vaccination led to change in sexual behavior after one year. Our results showed no statistically significant …
Teens Texting And Consequences: A Brief Review, Archana Srinivas, Megan White, Hatim A. Omar
Teens Texting And Consequences: A Brief Review, Archana Srinivas, Megan White, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The aim of this paper is to summarize the current literature on texting use amongst adolescents. A brief overview will be presented on the prevalence of texting among teenagers, the use of texting for sexting and cyberbullying as well as the dangers of texting while driving. This paper will serve as a brief overview of these topics in order to bring to light the emerging challenges that texting presents to the mental and physical well-being of adolescents in an effort to evoke further discussion regarding the need for increasing awareness and education to parents, educators, law makers and health care …
Mental Health And Chronic Disease, Marlene B. Huff, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar
Mental Health And Chronic Disease, Marlene B. Huff, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
By 2015, worldwide, 1.2 billion children aged 5-14 years will have some kind of significant chronic disease. Although scientific evidence indicates that children with chronic illness have more mental health issues than their healthy peers, many controversies and gaps in the literature exist. It is imperative that an understanding of the effects of chronic illness upon the mental health status of children and adolescents be undertaken. This chapter uses a biopsychosocial perspective to investigate the connection between chronic illness and mental health. The intent of the chapter is to suggest ways that medical and mental health professionals can provide services …
Educating Adolescents About Puberty: Are We Missing Something?, Hatim A. Omar
Educating Adolescents About Puberty: Are We Missing Something?, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Adolescents undergo significant physical and cognitive changes during their pubertal development. These changes contribute to and impact their future development. Educating adolescents at an early age about their expected development decreases the possible anxiety associated with this period of life and also helps adolescents make better choices in regards to their sexuality. In order to assess the degree of education regarding pubertal development and sexuality, we conducted a survey of late adolescents (median age 19 years) and parents of adolescents. A total of 409 adolescents (237 females, 172 males) and 124 parents completed the survey. 14.4% of teens (36.6% of …
Parenting Adolescents, Sandra D'Angelo, Hatim A. Omar
Parenting Adolescents, Sandra D'Angelo, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The period of adolescence is often thought to be one of intense stress and turmoil. Yet many parents and teens negotiate this developmental stage without extreme family conflict and without sacrificing close relationships. This review summarizes a portion of the literature on parent-adolescent relationships, focusing on monitoring and control of adolescent behavior and parenting style. Basic principles to emphasize when working with adolescents and parents are also included.
Quality Of Life And Adolescents In Rural Kentucky, Hatim A. Omar, Søren Ventegodt, Joav Merrick
Quality Of Life And Adolescents In Rural Kentucky, Hatim A. Omar, Søren Ventegodt, Joav Merrick
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
In many rural areas in Kentucky, adolescents lack the basic assets for a good quality of life, such as having caring adults, a safe place and useful activities after school. In this chapter we analyze data from middle and high school students referred to a comprehensive school based health promotion center (SBHPC). From August 2006 to February 2008, a total of 382 students (200 female, 182 male, aged 12-18 years) were referred to the SBHPC for help. Only two (0.5%) students had two parents living with them and 12 (3.1 %) had safe, organized after school activities. 19.9% of the …
Substance Abuse Among Adolescents, Abdel Salous, Hatim A. Omar
Substance Abuse Among Adolescents, Abdel Salous, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
This chapter aims to provide a global perspective on substance abuse among adolescents across different cultures, and to review appropriate strategies in communicating with the adolescent population about substance abuse. Drug abuse continues to be a major public health issue in the United States, especially among adolescents. The attitude toward and involvement in drug abuse among adolescents is a complex problem shaped by multiple psychosocial parameters. Psychosocial variables such as ethnicity, and religion, and group dynamics, while deeply intertwined in shaping the cultural identity of adolescents, also deliver their impact to substance abuse in this patient population. In a society …
A Policy And Intervention For Overweight Children And Adolescents, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar
A Policy And Intervention For Overweight Children And Adolescents, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Marlene B. Huff, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
The global epidemic of childhood and adolescent overweight has become a major public health concern. Not only are these youth more likely to become obese adults, and thus more prone to obesity-related diseases than their non overweight peers, they are also likely to suffer emotional and social effects associated with overweight. Overweight in youth has been linked to depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders, negative body image, and stigma. It appears to be bi-directional in nature, with overweight sometimes predicting certain psychological effects and psychosocial issues sometimes predicting overweight. Effective assessment and treatment of psychological and mental health issues in overweight …
Ovarian Tumors In Children And Adolescents, Linah Al-Alem, Amit M. Deokar, Rebecca Timme, Hatim A. Omar
Ovarian Tumors In Children And Adolescents, Linah Al-Alem, Amit M. Deokar, Rebecca Timme, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Ovarian tumors are uncommon in the child and adolescent population, but given that cancer is a leading cause of death even in this age group it is important for the general practice physician to be aware of the signs and symptoms. These can include abdominal pain, increased abdominal girth, a palpable mass on pelvic or abdominal exam, nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, weight loss, constipation, back pain, leg cramps, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms, abnormal uterine bleeding, and ascites, to name a few. The types of gynecological tumors seen in adults are also seen in children except in differing frequencies. The most …
Breast Disorders In Children And Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar, Lyubov A. Matytsina, Artemis Tsitsika
Breast Disorders In Children And Adolescents, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar, Lyubov A. Matytsina, Artemis Tsitsika
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Concerns about problems of the breast are often noted in adolescents and their parents. This review discusses issues and disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, starting with basic principles of embryology and adolescent breast development. Concepts that are covered include congenital breast disorders, abnormal timing of breast development, breast asymmetry, underdeveloped breasts, breast atrophy, tuberous breasts, mammary hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, giant fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, intraductal breast papilloma, adenocarcinoma, mastitis, traumatic breast disorders, benign breast disease, fibrocystic change, mastalgia, gynocomastia, and galactorrhea. A number of figures are provided illustrating breast pathology. Clinicians caring for children and adolescents are encouraged to …
Obesity And Contraception, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar, Artemis Tsitsika
Obesity And Contraception, Donald E. Greydanus, Hatim A. Omar, Artemis Tsitsika
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
All sexually active youth, whether obese or normal weight, should be offered counseling regarding contraception and appropriate contraceptive methods. However, obese youth who are sexually active may be less likely than their normal weight peers to use contraceptives correctly. Methods of contraception for obese adolescents are reviewed in this discussion. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and the contraceptive patch have higher failure rates in obese versus normal weight females, though failure rates are lower than noted with barrier contraceptives. The risk for venous thrombosis is higher in obese youth on COCs. Progestin-only pills and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system appear to be …
Labial Adhesion As A Complication Of Primary Genital Herpes In Young Women, Hatim A. Omar
Labial Adhesion As A Complication Of Primary Genital Herpes In Young Women, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted disease in adolescents. It may be associated with significant morbidity if not diagnosed on time or not properly treated. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of labial adhesion secondary to primary herpes in young women and the possible predisposing factors for this complication. The method was analysis of clinical data regarding primary genital herpes in young women seen in an adolescent outpatient clinic at a university hospital. Cases of primary genital herpes seen between December 1st 1998 and November 30th 1999 were included. A total of 34 …
Cervical Pathology In West Virginia Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Patricia Callahan, Sanu Aggarwal, Kathaleen Perkins, Kathy Young
Cervical Pathology In West Virginia Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Patricia Callahan, Sanu Aggarwal, Kathaleen Perkins, Kathy Young
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Cytologic screening is an important diagnostic tool used to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. We studied the prevalence of cervical abnormalities, based on Pap smear results, in patients at the Outpatient Adolescent Clinic at West Virginia University. We found a high incidence of overall intraepithelial cell pathology (24%) in this group with 2.4% high grade and 9.9% low-grade lesions. These findings show that major cervical pathology is present in this age group. Furthermore, repeat smears at intervals of < one year were performed on 317 patients. Of these repeat smears, 7% changed from normal to abnormal in this period. Sexually active adolescent females should have Pap smears at least annually to detect abnormalities that may otherwise not be detected until they are more advanced and difficult to manage. Higher risk adolescents may need semiannual screening.