Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Genetic Epidemiology Of Neural Tube Defects, Philip J Lupo, A J Agopian, Heidi Castillo, Jonathan Castillo, Gerald H Clayton, Nienke P Dosa, Betsy Hopson, David B Joseph, Brandon G Rocque, William O Walker, John S Wiener, Laura E Mitchell

Journal Articles

It has been estimated that 60-70% of neural tube defects (NTDs) have a genetic component, but few causative genes have been identified. The lack of information on genes associated with non-syndromic NTDs in humans is especially notable as the "genomic revolution" has led to new tools (e.g., genome-wide genotyping arrays, next-generation sequencing) that are helping to elucidate the full spectrum of genetic variation (from common to rare) contributing to complex traits, including structural birth defects. However, the application of modern genomic approaches to the study of NTDs has lagged behind that of some other common structural birth defects. This may …

Col4a2 Is Associated With Lacunar Ischemic Stroke And Deep Ich: Meta-Analyses Among 21,500 Cases And 40,600 Controls, Kristiina Rannikmäe, Vhinoth Sivakumaran, Henry Millar, Rainer Malik, Christopher D Anderson, Mike Chong, Tushar Dave, Guido J Falcone, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas, Jordi Jimenez-Conde, Arne Lindgren, Joan Montaner, Martin O'Donnell, Guillaume Paré, Farid Radmanesh, Natalia S Rost, Agnieszka Slowik, Martin Söderholm, Matthew Traylor, Sara L Pulit, Sudha Seshadri, Brad B Worrall, Daniel Woo, Hugh S Markus, Braxton D Mitchell, Martin Dichgans, Jonathan Rosand, Cathie L M Sudlow

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether common variants in familial cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) genes confer risk of sporadic cerebral SVD.

METHODS: We meta-analyzed genotype data from individuals of European ancestry to determine associations of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 familial cerebral SVD genes (

RESULTS: A locus in

CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence of shared genetic determinants and suggest common pathophysiologic mechanisms of distinct ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral SVD stroke phenotypes, offering new insights into the causal mechanisms of cerebral SVD.

Effects Of Once-Weekly Exenatide On Cardiovascular Outcomes In Type 2 Diabetes, Rury R Holman, M Angelyn Bethel, Robert J Mentz, Vivian P Thompson, Yuliya Lokhnygina, John B Buse, Juliana C Chan, Jasmine Choi, Stephanie M Gustavson, Nayyar Iqbal, Aldo P Maggioni, Steven P Marso, Peter Öhman, Neha J Pagidipati, Neil Poulter, Ambady Ramachandran, Bernard Zinman, Adrian F Hernandez

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown.

METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy.

RESULTS: …

Impact Of Vitamin A And Carotenoids On The Risk Of Tuberculosis Progression, Omowunmi Aibana, Molly F Franke, Chuan-Chin Huang, Jerome T Galea, Roger Calderon, Zibiao Zhang, Mercedes C Becerra, Emily R Smith, Alayne G Ronnenberg, Carmen Contreras, Rosa Yataco, Leonid Lecca, Megan B Murray

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Low and deficient levels of vitamin A are common in low- and middle-income countries where tuberculosis burden is high. We assessed the impact of baseline levels of vitamin A and carotenoids on tuberculosis disease risk.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a longitudinal cohort of household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis case patients in Lima, Peru. We defined case patients as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative HHCs with blood samples in whom tuberculosis disease developed ≥15 days after enrollment of the index patient. For each case patient, we randomly selected 4 controls from among contacts in whom tuberculosis …

Clara's Final Christmas Gift, Gus W Krucke

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Safety Of Appropriate Use Of Over-The-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors: An Evidence-Based Review And Delphi Consensus, David A Johnson, Philip O Katz, David Armstrong, Henry Cohen, Brendan C Delaney, Colin W Howden, Peter Katelaris, Radu I Tutuian, Donald O Castell

Journal Articles

The availability of over-the-counter (OTC) proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the short-term (2 weeks) management of frequent heartburn (≥2 days/week) has increased markedly, yet evidence-based recommendations have not been developed. A panel of nine international experts in gastroesophageal reflux disease developed consensus statements regarding the risks and benefits of OTC PPIs using a modified Delphi process. Consensus (based on ≥80% approval) was reached through multiple rounds of remote voting and a final round of live voting. To identify relevant data, the available literature was searched and summarized. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system terminology was used to …

Risk Factors For Poor Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes In Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, Omowunmi Aibana, Mariya Bachmaha, Viatcheslav Krasiuk, Natasha Rybak, Timothy P Flanigan, Vasyl Petrenko, Megan B Murray

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Ukraine is among ten countries with the highest burden of multidrug- resistant TB (MDR-TB) worldwide. Treatment success rates for MDR-TB in Ukraine remain below global success rates as reported by the World Health Organization. Few studies have evaluated predictors of poor MDR-TB outcomes in Ukraine.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients initiated on MDR-TB treatment in the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine between January 01, 2012 and March 31st, 2015. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and categorized poor outcomes among those who died, failed treatment or defaulted. We used logistic regression analyses to identify …