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Articles 1 - 30 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Role Of Imaging In Rhinology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Role Of Imaging In Rhinology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This E book discusses the role of imaging in rhinology. Since this book has been authored by an otolaryngologist it goes without saying that a surgeon's perspective will be evident throughout the book. It contains about 250 CT scan images with succinct description.
Cavernous Hemangioma Uvula An Interesting Case Report And Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Cavernous Hemangioma Uvula An Interesting Case Report And Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Elongated uvula is mostly asymptomatic. In rare instances it may be come symptomatic. This article discusses a patient who presented with intractable cough due to cavernous hemangioma involving uvula. Uvula in this patient was found to be in contact with the posterior portion of the tongue. This case is being presented for its rarity.
Odontogenic Keratocyst Mandible An Interesting Case Report And Literature Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Odontogenic Keratocyst Mandible An Interesting Case Report And Literature Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
The term odontogenic keratocyst was first described by Philipsen in 1956. This cyst actually arises from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw but is commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Since the clinical features and radiological appearance are not characteristic this condition is commonly misdiagnosed. This is more so when the lesion is related to the nonvital tooth. Odontogenic keratocyst has been rechristened as keratocystic odontogenic tumor by WHO working group in 2005. This was necessitated to differentiate this lesion from its orthokeratinizing variant which is currently considered as odontogenic …
Subperiosteal Hematoma Of Orbit An Interesting Case Report And Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Subperiosteal Hematoma Of Orbit An Interesting Case Report And Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Subperiosteal Hematoma orbit is an uncommon disorder which may occur following injury to orbit. Of course there are other causes that cause this condition as well. This condition has been reported in young adults. This case report discusses a patient who developed subperiosteal hematoma following trivial injury to orbit. Since this condition had occurred following trivial injury to orbit diagnosis was not made pre operatively. It was discovered only on the table. A high index of suspicion and an accurate history is necessary to identify this condition. This case is being reported not only for its rarity but also to …
Endoscopic Orbital Decompression, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Endoscopic Orbital Decompression, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Orbital decompression surgery has been indicated in patients with compressive optic neuropathy, severe corneal exposure, cosmetic deformity due to proptosis. Traditional orbital decompression approaches were fraught with complications. With the advent of nasal endoscopes decompression is being carried out transnasally under endoscopic guidance. The entire medial wall of orbit can be taken down transnasally using nasal endoscope, and the inferior wall of orbit can be removed using the same approach. Currently endoscopic orbital decompression is being preformed commonly with very minimal complications. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on the subject.
Orbital Complications Of Sinusitis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Orbital Complications Of Sinusitis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Introduction: Despite availability of excellent antibiotics, orbital complications’ following sinusitis is rather common. With the emergence of fungal sinusitis orbital involvement by the disease is getting frequent. Prevalence of life style disorders like diabetes mellitus has added to the woes. This article attempts to review the entire gamut of orbital complications following sinus infections. Aim: This study aims at analyzing orbital complications following sinusitis at Government Stanley Medical College Hospital during the period 2009 – 2013. Study design: Retrospective study Methodology: Cases with rhinosinusitis treated in our Institution during the period 2009-2013 were taken up for analysis. 112 patients were …
Patterns Of Orbital Disorders, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Patterns Of Orbital Disorders, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses various patterns of presentations of orbital lesions. Since this article has been authored by an otolaryngologist, the entire concept has been viewed from otolaryngologist's angle. With the advent of nasal endoscope trans nasal access to orbit is becoming the order of the day. Major advantage being that external skin incision is avoided.
Laying The Tears Highway- A Drive Through Endo-Dcr, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Laying The Tears Highway- A Drive Through Endo-Dcr, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article is an attempt to review the technique of Dacryocystorhinostomy in the treatment of epiphora and bring to light the various modifications that have been developed in recent times to refine the procedure and optimize the outcome of surgery.
Presbyacusis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Presbyacusis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Life expectancy of Humans is on the rise. World’s human population is aging rapidly. According to a report of US census Bureau nearly 24% of current world population is above the age of 50. This is a phenomenal number. Hearing loss due to degenerative process is rather common in old age. Presbyacusis is defined as a progressive bilateral symmetrical age related sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing loss is confined to higher frequencies. This causes a greater burden on them considering the fact that they already have failing eyesight. This article attempts to review the current scenario pertaining to Presbyacusis with …
Coblation Adenoidectomy Our Experience, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Vrinda Balakrishnan Nair
Coblation Adenoidectomy Our Experience, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Vrinda Balakrishnan Nair
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Aim of our study is to compare the efficacy and safety of coblation adenoidectomy versus conventional cold steel adenoidectomy. The study design included 40 children between age groups 4 – 8. Twenty of these children underwent coblation adenoidectomy while the other group of 20 underwent conventional cold steel adenoidectomy. The parameters taken into consideration for comparison included Post operative pain, operating time, intraoperative bleeding and presence of residual adenoid tissue 6 weeks after surgery. In this study the coblation group demonstrated less post operative pain, less intraoperative bleeding and more complete removal of adenoid tissue. Operative time was found to …
Coblation Wands, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Coblation Wands, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses the architecture of coblation wands used in otolaryngological surgeries. Wand happens to be the most important consumable of the coblation system. These wands are also expensive and meant only for single use. Hence this technology has a built in recurring cost factor.
Coblation Tonsillectomy Our Experience, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Coblation Tonsillectomy Our Experience, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Tonsillectomy happens to be the commonly performed surgery these days. Like any other surgical procedure this surgical procedure has also undergone tremendous technological changes. One such evolving change happens to be coblation tonsillectomy. Coblation technology is actually an offshoot of radiofrequency surgery. This technique involves passing radiofrequency energy through a conductive medium like isotonic sodium chloride or potassium chloride solution. This produces a plasma field which is composed of sodium and hydroxyl ions which ablates tissue. This tissue ablation takes place at (60-70° C) which is much lower than that achieved during other electro surgical techniques (400 – 600° C). …
Coblation An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Coblation An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
The term coblation is derived from “Controlled ablation”. This procedure involves non-heat driven process of soft tissue dissolution using bipolar radiofrequency energy under a conductive medium like normal saline. When current from radiofrequency probe pass through saline medium it breaks saline into sodium and chloride ions. These highly energized ions form a plasma field which is sufficiently strong to break organic molecular bonds within soft tissue causing its dissolution. This article attempts to provide a broad overview of the technology and its uses in the field of otolaryngology.
Kashima's Posterior Cordectomy Using Coablator Our Experience., Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Vrinda Balakrishnan Nair
Kashima's Posterior Cordectomy Using Coablator Our Experience., Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Vrinda Balakrishnan Nair
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Aim: To study the effectiveness of coblation technology in performing Kashima's procedure for bilateral abductor vocal fold paralysis. Methodology: Managing patients with bilateral vocal fold abductor paralysis is rather tricky one. It calls for delicate balance between airway and phonation. Various endolaryngeal techniques have been used to manage this problem. Here the authors describe their experience with posterior cordectomy using coablator. This study includes 10 patients who presented with stridor following bilateral abductor paralysis. All our patients were on tracheostomy tubes. They were very anxious with the tube and wanted decannulation done. All of these patients were operated by the …
Mutational Falsetto: A Panoramic Consideration, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Mutational Falsetto: A Panoramic Consideration, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article is intended to present everything that is known about puberphonia in a comprehensive yet concise manner. The evolution of the approach and attitude to its treatment from ancient concepts to recent trends is highlighted.
Ranula, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Ranula, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses Ranula, its etiopathogenesis and management options currently available. The term ranula is reserved for a bluish cystic mass found in the floor of the oral cavity. This term has been derived from the latin word “Rana” which means frog. Since the cyst resembles the bluish underbelly of a frog this is appropriate. Commonly ranula arises due to collection of saliva from sublingual salivary gland whose ductal system could have been breached due to trauma / other causes. Management of these patients varies with simple marsupialization to excision of the sublingual gland along with the cyst. This article …
Clinical Examination Techniques In Otology Edition Ii, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Clinical Examination Techniques In Otology Edition Ii, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
The e book discusses the various techniques used in the diagnosis of otological disorders
Medical Management Of Fungal Sinusitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Medical Management Of Fungal Sinusitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Medical therapy constitutes an useful adjunct to surgery in the management of fungal sinusitis. Drugs used include both antifungal and steroids in the form of systemic / topical sprays. In certain cases medical treatment administered prior to surgery reduces the size of polypi making it easily operable. Commonly medical management is used during the follow up period after surgery in order to reduce the rate of recurrence. The aim of this article is to review the currently published literature in this topic.
Ophthalmic Manifestations Of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis A Retrospective Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Ophthalmic Manifestations Of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis A Retrospective Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Ophthalmalogical manifestations of allergic fungal sinusitis are rather uncommon. If not identified and managed properly this could lead to disastrous consequences including blindness. This is a retrospective study involving 20 cases of allergic fungal sinusitis presented at Stanley Medical College hospital during 2009-2011. This study reveals that the commonest opthalmological manifestation was proptosis. Other ophthalmic manifestations in the descending order of frequency included epiphora, diplopia, opthalmoplegia and complete loss of vision. CT imaging from these patients revealed that all patients with orbital manifestations had erosion of lamina papyracea.
Sphenoidal Fungal Sinusitis With Intracranial Extension An Interesting Case Report, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Shanmugaram Sk
Sphenoidal Fungal Sinusitis With Intracranial Extension An Interesting Case Report, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Shanmugaram Sk
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Isolated sphenoid sinusitis is rather rare. Fungal sinusitis is common in immunocompromised patients. In this case report the authors describe an immunocompetent patient with isolated sphenoid fungal sinusitis with intracranial extension with a review of published literature. Unfavorable location and poor ventilation have been attributed as the probable factors involved in isolated sphenoid sinusitis. Considering the location of sphenoid sinus (close to skull base, optic nerve and great vessels) infections involving this sinus is fraught with dangerous complications.
Fungal Sinusitis An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Fungal Sinusitis An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Fungal infections of nose and paranasal sinuses are getting common these days. Nose and paranasal sinuses being constantly exposed to environmental insults causing them to be infected. With increasing incidence of diseases like HIV and life style disorders like Diabetes Mellitus compromises host immunity, that it is no wonder that the incidence of fungal infections involving the nose and sinuses are on the rise. In addition the incidence of fungal infections in immunocompetent persons are also on the rise. This article attempts to review the published literature available on this topic concurrently along with our experience on this subject. In …
Acoustic Manometry, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Acoustic Manometry, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Acoustic manometry determines the cross sectional area of the nasal cavity as a function of distance into the nasal cavity. This provides a two dimensional picture of nasal cavity. These measurements help in objective assessment of nasal patency. Nasal patency is actually a complex issue which can involve mucosal, structural and psychological factors. It should always be borne in mind that the sensation of nasal obstruction is purely subjective and does not correlate `100% always with clinical examination findings 3. This test has been intended as an objective quantification of nasal patency.
Trephination Of Frontal Sinus, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Trephination Of Frontal Sinus, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Trephination of frontal sinus was practiced since prehistoric times. This article reviews this procedure. This procedure is still relevant even in the current nasal endoscopy era. This procedure should be learnt and practiced by all otolaryngologists as this could provide instant relief in acute frontal sinus infections.
Impedance Audiometry, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Impedance Audiometry, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Impedance audiometry is used to assess the status of ear drum and middle ear cavity. This test also helps in the assessment of acoustic reflex pathway which include 7th, 8th cranial nerves and brain stem. This test should not be totally relied to assess the sensitivity of hearing of an individual, but always should be viewed in conjunction with pure tone audiometry.
Malignant Otitis Externa A Review Of Current Literature Difficult To Diagnose And Troublesome To Treat, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Malignant Otitis Externa A Review Of Current Literature Difficult To Diagnose And Troublesome To Treat, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Malignant otitis externa is a severe debilitating disorder that involves the external auditory canal. The term “Malignant Otitis Externa” is actually a misnomer. It has been coined to indicate the destructive capabilities of this disorder. This article discusses etiopathogenesis, diagnostic problems and various management modalities available to manage the same
Clinical Examination Techniques In Otology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Clinical Examination Techniques In Otology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This manuscript discusses the importance of clinical examination in the diagnosis of otological disorders. The art of clinical examination combined with accurate history taking by the surgeon invariably points to the correct diagnosis in otology. It is worth while spending time examining the patient in a systematic manner. This article describes the clinical examination techniques used in examining an otological patient.
A Cheesy Affair! - Report Of A Case Of An Epidermoid Cyst Of Parotid, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
A Cheesy Affair! - Report Of A Case Of An Epidermoid Cyst Of Parotid, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article is a report of a case of epidermoid cyst of the deep lobe of the left parotid, being reported and described for the benefit of the readers in view of the rarity of the condition.
Neck Space Infections A Case Series Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Yahia Basith
Neck Space Infections A Case Series Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Yahia Basith
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article is about the cases of neck space infections presented to the department of E.N.T and HEAD & NECK surgery of Govt.stanley medical college, during a two month period of 15th November 2011to 15th January 2012. Out of the 8 cases presented to the department, 2 cases were of tuberculous cold abscess. Five cases treated with I&D of which two cases needed preliminary tracheostomy.
Grisel Syndrome A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Grisel Syndrome A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Geetha Ramamoorthy
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Grisel syndrome is defined as atlanto-axial subluxation following infections of upper airway. These patients present with torticollis which is persistent. Radiology is normal in these patients. This is actually a sinister problem which should always be kept in mind before taking up a patient for adenotonsillectomy. Subclinical subluxation of atlanto-axial joint may become overt causing brain stem compression following adenotonsillectomy surgery. This actually occurs because the paraspinal muscles are relaxed (due to the use of muscle relaxants) during the procedure. The actual position of tonsillectomy (Rose position) aggravates this condition. This article attempts to explore this problem with a review …
Proptosis Due To Otolaryngology Causes A Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Proptosis Due To Otolaryngology Causes A Study, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan, Srikamakshi Kothandaraman
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Proximity of orbit to nose and paranasal sinuses makes it rather vulnerable to insults due to otolaryngological causes. The medial wall of orbit (Lamina papyracea) is rather paper thin and it happens to form the lateral wall of anterior ethmoid air cells. Infections / tumors involving paranasal sinuses can involve orbit also causing proptosis. The aim of the article is to study the common otolaryngological causes of proptosis in our Institution during 2009 – 2012.