Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Educational Outcomes Of Small-Group Discussion Versus Traditional Lecture Format In Dental Students' Learning And Skills Acquisition., Ana Arias, Raymond Scott, Ove A. Peters, Elizabeth Mcclain, Alan H. Gluskin

Ove Peters

The aim of this prospective quantitative study was to compare the effect of different instructional formats on dental students' skills and knowledge acquisition for access cavity preparation. All first-year dental students were invited to participate in this study conducted during the four consecutive two-week endodontic rotation courses at the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in spring semester 2015. Four alphabetically distributed intact groups of students were randomly allocated to two groups (n=70 each) that participated in either small-group discussion or a traditional lecture on access preparation. The first outcome measure was skill acquisition, measured by …

Perceptions Of Medical Students And Their Supervisors Of The Preparation Of Students For Clinical Placement In Obstetrics And Gynecology, Patricia Johnson, Patricia Green, Peter Jones, Heather James

Patricia Green

Background: Research is limited regarding the adequacy of preparation of medical students for their placement in obstetrics and gynecology. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of a cohort of undergraduate medical students from an Australian university and their clinical supervisors of the on-campus preparation of students for their clinical rotation in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: We used a descriptive exploratory qualitative research approach and purposive sampling to address the aim of the study. Ten undergraduate medical students and 4 of their supervisors participated in the study. Data were collected from focus group discussions, follow-up interviews, and …

Deaf Students And Their Classroom Communication: An Evaluation Of Higher Order Categorical Interactions Among School And Background Characteristics, Thomas Allen, Melissa Anderson

Melissa L. Anderson

This article investigated to what extent age, use of a cochlear implant, parental hearing status, and use of sign in the home determine language of instruction for profoundly deaf children. Categorical data from 8,325 profoundly deaf students from the 2008 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children and Youth were analyzed using chi-square automated interaction detector, a stepwise analytic procedure that allows the assessment of higher order interactions among categorical variables. Results indicated that all characteristics were significantly related to classroom communication modality. Although younger and older students demonstrated a different distribution of communication modality, for both younger and older …

Hsisp Annotated Bibliography: Humane Education (1998-2013), Erich Yahner

Erich Yahner

No abstract provided.

Curriculum Designs, Donna Boland, Linda Finke

Linda M. Finke

No abstract provided.

Teaching In Nursing: The Faculty Role, Linda Finke

Linda M. Finke

No abstract provided.

Digital Landscape: Embracing The Reality, Carol Sternberger

Carol S Sternberger

Educators must be responsive to industry’s dynamic, technology rich environment. It is important for universities to move beyond expecting graduates to have isolated technology skills. Designing curricula that will produce graduates who are comfortable using technology and possess the ability to interpret, analyze and synthesize data requires a different approach to education. The paper focuses on the various technologies integrated in a graduate course designed to prepare nurse educators to work in both academic and clinical environments. Best practices, evidence-based methods and integrated concepts from a requisite informatics course were foundational in the course assignments that focused on the implementation …

Over Mountains, Across Rivers, And Through Woods: Teaching Collaboratively Using A Cross-Platform Environment, Carol Sternberger, B. Deal, R. Fountain

Carol S Sternberger

No abstract provided.

The Reliability Of Student Ratings Of Master Teacher Behaviors, R. Landrum, Jeffrey Stowell

R. Eric Landrum

Faculty members (N = 39) from two universities had their lectures recorded. From these videos, we selected 5-min vignettes centered on eight dimensions of the Teacher Behavior Checklist. Undergraduate students from two universities (N = 753) viewed three 5-min video clips of college teachers across various disciplines. Ratings on the eight dimensions (knowledgeable, respectful, approachable, realistic, enthusiastic, encouraging, flexible, and creative) were moderately to strongly intercorrelated, and students had high agreement among themselves in rating each instructor’s teaching behaviors. The methodology to establish reliability of student ratings of video clips may be useful in future validity studies to assist in …

Perceptions Of Medical Students And Their Supervisors Of The Preparation Of Students For Clinical Placement In Obstetrics And Gynecology, Patricia Johnson, Patricia Green, Peter Jones, Heather James

Patricia Johnson

Background: Research is limited regarding the adequacy of preparation of medical students for their placement in obstetrics and gynecology. The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of a cohort of undergraduate medical students from an Australian university and their clinical supervisors of the on-campus preparation of students for their clinical rotation in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: We used a descriptive exploratory qualitative research approach and purposive sampling to address the aim of the study. Ten undergraduate medical students and 4 of their supervisors participated in the study. Data were collected from focus group discussions, follow-up interviews, and …

Casualisation Of The Teaching Workforce: Implications For Nursing Education, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Sharon Andrew, Kath Peters, Yenna Salamonson, Debra Jackson

Elizabeth Jane Halcomb Professor

Internationally, nursing faculty shortages have been reported and there is a potential for them to worsen into the next decade as existing faculty age. To, in part, address this issue, across disciplines there is clearly an international trend towards the increasing casualisation of the higher education workforce. Despite the potential impact of this two-tiered workforce structure, there has been limited examination of the discipline specific issues related to the employment of a growing number of sessional nursing staff. This paper provides a critical review of the literature related to the employment of sessional teachers in higher education. The paper advances …

Sharing Quality Resources For Teaching And Learning: A Peer Review Model For The Altc Exchange In Australia, Geraldine Lefoe, Robyn Philip, Meg O'Reilly, Dominique Parrish

Geraldine Lefoe

The ALTC Exchange (formerly the Carrick Exchange), is a national repository and networking service for Australian higher education. The Exchange was designed to provide access to a repository of shared learning and teaching resources, work spaces for team members engaged in collaborative projects, and communication and networking services. The Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) established the Exchange for those who teach, manage and lead learning and teaching in higher education. As part of the research conducted to inform the development of the Exchange, models for peer review of educational resources were evaluated. For this, a design based research approach …

Teaching About Sexual Minorities: An Iowa Experience, Veronika E.B. Kolder, Nashae Y. Julian

Veronika E.B. Kolder Dr.

Despite greater social acceptance of sexual minorities and growing national support for equal medical care, disparities in healthcare access persist. Medical school curricula allot limited time to sexuality education and students’ perceptions. Combining the topics of sexual response and sexual minority healthcare may perpetuate the misconception that lesbianism and transgender identity are deviations from normal sexual functioning. We comment on teaching about sexual minority healthcare at our medical school and argue for a review of medical educator preparation and existing curricula.

Teaching About Sexual Minorities: An Iowa Experience, Veronika E.B. Kolder, Nashae Y. Julian

Veronika E.B. Kolder Dr.

Despite greater social acceptance of sexual minorities and growing national support for equal medical care, disparities in healthcare access persist. Medical school curricula allot limited time to sexuality education and students’ perceptions. Combining the topics of sexual response and sexual minority healthcare may perpetuate the misconception that lesbianism and transgender identity are deviations from normal sexual functioning. We comment on teaching about sexual minority healthcare at our medical school and argue for a review of medical educator preparation and existing curricula.

Ward Rounds: Developing A Collaborative Best Practice Model Of Interdisciplinary Teaching For Multidisciplinary Practice, Patrea Andersen, Noel Tait, Kenneth Walsh, Pauline Gaetani, Alison Jones, Angela Brown

Alison L Jones

Ward rounds are an everyday occurrence in clinical practice. They provide the means for assessing patient care needs and communicating these within a multidisciplinary team. The literature demonstrates poor ward round practice contributes to poor patient care outcomes (O'Hare, 2008). Garling (2008) identifies that there is a need to change current practise and facilitate more effective interdisciplinary communication. This presentation reports collaborative research between The Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISL HD) and The University of Wollongong. Using a Practice Development methodology, the aim of the research is to develop and test a best practice model for conducting ward rounds …

Changes In The Diagnostic Process During 40 Years Of Clinicopathologic Conferences, A. Feinstein, Jennifer Niebyl

Jennifer R Niebyl

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Classroom Participation, Rita Gardiner

Rita A Gardiner

Within the classroom, feelings of alienation can adversely affect students’ ability to speak, and thus serve to reproduce social inequities. This is especially the case with some first year students who may not have had many opportunities to speak, as well as students from different cultures where talking in class may not be the norm. To help mitigate power imbalances, it is necessary to develop a diversity of teaching practices and approaches to learning to ensure that each student feels that her class participation counts. In this workshop, I want to consider ways in which it is possible to encourage …

Reflections On Community Engagement For Transforming Praxis: Lessons From The Learning And Teaching Creatively Project, Alison Wicks, Brian Cambourne, Robbie Collins, Marcel De Roo

Robbie Collins

The Learning and Teaching Creatively project involved collaboration between the Bundanon Trust, the University of Wollongong’s Faculty of Education and Shoalhaven Campus and the Australasian Occupational Science Centre. The aim of the project was provide opportunity for Graduate Diploma of Education (Primary) students at the Shoalhaven Campus to experience the creative process, thereby enabling them to develop ways of facilitating creativity in primary school students. Additionally, the project was designed to initiate a long term partnership between the Shoalhaven Campus and Bundanon, a highly valued internationally renowned ‘living arts centre’ located in the Shoalhaven. The Knowledge Building Community and occupational …

The Context Of Clinical Teaching And Learning In Australia: Towards A Reconstruction Of The Relationship Between Medical Schools And Health Services, Julie Ash, Lucie Walters, David Prideaux, Ian Wilson

Ian G Wilson

• Gaining clinical experience for an extended period of time in teaching hospitals is one of the enduring strengths of medical education. • Teaching hospitals have recently faced significant challenges, with increasing specialisation of services and workload pressures reducing clinical learning opportunities. • New clinical teaching environments have been established in Australia, particularly in rural and regional areas; these are proving to be ideal contexts for student learning. • The new clinical teaching environments have shown the importance of developing symbiotic relationships between universities and health services. Symbiotic clinical learning is built around longitudinal, patientbased learning emphasising priority health concerns. …

Using Nanda, Nic, And Noc In An Undergraduate Nursing Practicum, K. Smith, Martha Craft-Rosenberg

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

Although use of diagnoses originally developed by NANDA (now known as NANDA-I), NIC, and NOC in education and practice is increasing, many faculty members have not been educated in their use and may be reluctant to teach these languages. This article provides guidance on the use of NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC in clinical education. This guidance will facilitate both faculty and student learning.

Does Family Practice At Residency Teaching Sites Reflect Community Practice?, Valerie Gilchrist, William Gillanders, Donald Iverson, Mark Krell, Everett Logue, Rebecca Miller, D Scheid, A Oprandi, D Weldy

Don C. Iverson

Family medicine has aspired to train residents and conduct research in settings that closely resemble community practice. The purposre of this study was to compare the patient characteristics of the ambulatory teaching centers of a consortium of seven community-based university-affiliated familyu practice residency programs in northeast Ohio with the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) results for family physicians (FPs) and general practitioners (GPs). Ninety-eight faculty and resident physicians at the residency training site of the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine collected data on all ambulatory patient visits (N = 1498) for one randomly chosen week between July 1, …

Teaching Stress Physiology Using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Michael Cooper, Shree Dhawale, Ahmed Mustafa

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

A straightforward and inexpensive laboratory experiment is presented that investigates the physiological stress response of zebrafish after a 5 °C increase in water temperature. This experiment is designed for an undergraduate physiology lab and allows students to learn the scientific method and relevant laboratory techniques without causing significant stress to animals. An additional experimental design and a set of additional questions for lab report are also included.

Achieving The Goal Of Evidence-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practices For Mothers With Mental Illnesses, Joanne Nicholson, Alexis Henry

Joanne Nicholson

There is a growing commitment to evidence-based practices in mental health. There is no well-articulated evidence base for interventions for mothers with mental illnesses. Parenthood is common among women with mental illnesses. Women themselves report motherhood is an important role. The risks of parental mental illness to children have been demonstrated; the challenges that motherhood brings to people with mental illnesses have been described. Because outcomes for both children and adults are multiply determined, there are many intervention opportunities. Recommendations for intervention are drawn from a focus group study and from the existing literature on parent training and support, exemplary …

Out-Of-Field Teaching In Physical Education Teacher Education: Should We Be Concerned?, Jane Shimon, Paul Brawdy

Jane Shimon

Physical education teacher education (PETE) is one of many disciplines in higher education responsible for preparing future educators. Education in general is increasingly politicized by public officials and scrutinized by the media, and the programs that train tomorrow's public school teachers are no exception. Between the politics that shape many of the choices in teacher preparation and teachers' own sense of what needs to be taught, PETE faculty struggle to answer the question, "How can we deliver the best possible teacher education program to our undergraduates?"

Teaching Entrepreneurship And Intrapreneurship Throughout The Pharmacy Curriculum: Creating Agents Of Change, Erin Albert, Laurence Kennedy, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Abstract from the First International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Health, Oklahoma City, OK, February 27-28, 2012.

Identifying Characteristics Of Effective Small Group Learning Valued By Medical Students And Facilitators, Diana T. Robillard, Laura M. Spring, Susan J. Pasquale, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Background: Small group teaching is an important part of undergraduate medical education, providing the ideal setting for learners to clarify misunderstandings, test hypotheses and evaluate ideas. Many schools undergoing curriculum reform have increased the time students spend in small group learning. However, there is an overall paucity of literature examining case-based small group sessions in medical school.

Objective: This study was designed to examine student and facilitator perceptions of effective case-based small group teaching in the pre-clinical years and compare results in order to identify similarities and differences and identify key areas of disconnect so that the small …

Look Who’S Talking: Teaching And Learning Using The Genre Of Medical Case Presentations, Marlee Spafford, Catherine Schryer, Marcellina Mian, Lorelei Lingard

Lorelei Lingard

In a pediatric teaching hospital, the authors examined 16 novice medical case presentations that were classified as instances of a hybrid apprenticeship genre. In contrast to strict school and workplace genres, an apprenticeship genre results from the sometimes competing activity systems of student education and patient care. The authors examined these novice case presentations for the amount and patterns of time devoted to student learning and expert teaching, the difficulties created for participants, the sometimes misunderstood implicit messages delivered by experts, and the opportunities to address educational objectives. This study offers professional communication researchers a model that combines quantitative and …

What Do We Mean By "Relevance"? A Clinical And Rhetorical Definition With Implications For Teaching And Learning The Case-Presentation Format, Lorelei Lingard, R. Haber

Lorelei Lingard

No abstract provided.

What Healthcare Students Do With What They Don't Know: The Socializing Power Of 'Uncertainty' In The Case Presentation, Marlee Spafford, Catherine Schryer, Lorelei Lingard, Patricia Hrynchak

Lorelei Lingard

Healthcare students learn to manage clinical uncertainty amid the tensions that emerge between clinical omniscience and the 'truth for now' realities of the knowledge explosion in healthcare. The case presentation provides a portal to viewing the practitioner's ability to manage uncertainty. We examined the communicative features of uncertainty in 31 novice optometry case presentations and considered how these features contributed to the development of professional identity in optometry students. We also reflected on how these features compared with our earlier study of medical students' case presentations. Optometry students, like their counterparts in medicine, displayed a novice rhetoric of uncertainty that …

Junior Faculty Experiences With Informal Mentoring, Karen Leslie, Lorelei Lingard, Sarah Whyte

Lorelei Lingard

Mentoring is one way in which new faculty can acquire the skills needed for a successful academic career. Little is known about how informal mentoring is operationalized in an academic setting. This study had two main objectives: (1) to determine if junior faculty identify as having an informal mentor(s) and to describe their informal mentoring relationships; and (2) to identify the areas in which these faculty seek career assistance and advice. The study employed a grounded theory approach. Subjects were recruited from the clinical teaching faculty and were 3-7 years into their first faculty position. Theoretical sampling was employed in …