Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sleeplessness, Deborah Schoenfelder, Keela Herr

Deborah P. Schoenfelder

This article identifies and reviews research related to sleeplessness reported by nurses in the literature. The current state of clinical nursing research as it relates to sleep is evaluated, including the content, methodology, and implications for further research. Although the review indicates current interest in sleep by clinical nurse researchers, the number of nursing studies in the literature is limited, especially within specific areas, such as age groups and setting. Also, directions for future nursing research on sleep are recommended.

Ambulatory Surgery. The Selection And Administration Of Perioperative Intravenous Fluids For The Pediatric Patient, J. Aker, Cormac O'Sullivan

Cormac T. O'Sullivan

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Vehicle Substances On Vitamin D Bioavailability: A Systematic Review, Ruth Grossmann, V. Tangpricha

Ruth E. Grossmann

Vitamin D insufficiency is a common medical condition. Vitamin supplements can be ingested to improve vitamin D status. It is not known if the vehicle substance that is combined with the vitamin D tablet influences the bioavailability of vitamin D. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of different vehicles on vitamin D bioavailability. A comprehensive literature search identified studies that directly compared the absorption of vitamin D from two or more vehicles. The change in mean serum 25(OH)D per average daily dose of vitamin D supplemented was calculated and compared among the studies. We identified four …

Accessing Asthma Care: A Case Study Of Urban Children, Andrea Wallace

Andrea S. Wallace

The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive study was to identify factors that facilitate or impede the use of health care resources by urban children with asthma. Using an embedded case study design, the study considered the issue of health care access for urban children with asthma by focusing on attributes that impede and facilitate these children's access to health care resources. Interview, demographic, survey, and medical records data were analyzed for 34 parent-child dyads accessing asthma care in one metropolitan health care system. Interview data from 14 health care professionals were also analyzed. These findings were then compared with utilization …

Hepatocellular Damage Following Therapeutic Intravenous Iron Sucrose Infusion In A Child, David Wood, Alison Thomson, Matthew Lawes, Alison Jones, Paul Dargan

Alison L Jones

The maximum tolerated single dose of intravenous iron infusion and iron pharmacokinetics are not known in children and not clear in adults. The case reported here is of a child given a large dose of intravenous iron sucrose (16 mg/kg) over 3 hours, who subsequently developed features of systemic iron toxicity. A TDM consultant discusses the case in the context of toxicokinetic analysis. Because the maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron preparations are not known, their use in both adults and children should still be undertaken with caution.

Special Report: Nursing. A Research-Based Sibling Visitation Program For The Neonatal Icu... Reprinted From Critical Care Nurse, Vol. 17, No. 2, April 1997, Innovision Communications, Aliso Viejo, Ca, L. Montgomery, Charmaine Kleiber, A. Nicholson, Martha Craft-Rosenberg

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

No abstract provided.

Professional Issues. Health Care Quality And Outcome Guidelines For Nursing Of Children And Families: Implications For Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Practice, Research, And Policy, C. Betz, J. Cowell, Martha Craft-Rosenberg, M. Krajicek, M. Lobo

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

No abstract provided.

Health Care Quality And Outcome Guidelines For Nursing Of Children And Families: Implications For Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Practice, Research, And Policy, C. Betz, J. Cowell, Martha Craft-Rosenberg, M. Krajicek, M. Lobo

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

No abstract provided.

The Disclosure Decisions Of Parents Who Conceive Children Using Donor Eggs, S. Hahn, Martha Craft-Rosenberg

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that influence the disclosure decisions of parents who conceive children using donor eggs and to compare such variables among disclosing, nondisclosing, and undecided families. DESIGN: Exploratory, comparative, descriptive. SETTING: A university hospital-assisted reproductive technology program in the Midwest. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one couples with children conceived with anonymously donated eggs. METHODS: Audiotaped telephone interviews, measures of social support and family environment, and a demographic survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content analysis of interview transcripts and comparison of recurring themes among groups. RESULTS: The majority of parents intended disclosure. Dominant themes among disclosing parents included the belief that a …

A Research-Based Sibling Visitation Program For The Neonatal Icu, L. Montgomery, Charmaine Kleiber, A. Nicholson, Martha Craft-Rosenberg

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

No abstract provided.

Parents As Distraction Coaches During I.V. Insertion: A Randomized Study, Charmaine Kleiber, Martha Craft-Rosenberg, D. Harper

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

This study investigated the effectiveness of a brief Distraction Education intervention for parents prior to their preschool children's medical procedures. Forty-four preschool children with chronic non-life-threatening conditions were having intravenous catheters (IVs) placed for medical tests. Parent-child dyads were randomized into two groups. The experimental group received Distraction Education prior to IV insertion; the control group received standard care. Data were analyzed for two phases of the IV procedure. Phase 1 was the preparation for needle insertion; Phase 2 began with needle insertion. Experimental group parents used significantly more distraction than did control group parents during both phases (P < 0.001). There were no group differences for child behavioral distress or self-report of pain. There was a trend toward a group by phase interaction for behavioral distress (P = 0.07); more experimental group children showed decreased behavioral distress over time (from phase 1 to phase 2) than did control group children (P = 0.02).

Information Needs Of The Siblings Of Critically Ill Children, Charmaine Kleiber, L. Montgomery, Martha Craft-Rosenberg

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

This study explored parental and sibling perceptions and feelings about sibling information needs during a pediatric admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). Using a qualitative research design, parents (n = 14) and school-age siblings (n = 12) of children who were patients in ICU were interviewed using open-ended questions. Themes of information that the parents report having given to the siblings were similar to the themes that siblings report having heard. However, parents reported that the siblings had numerous questions about the reasons for hospitalization and expectations for the future of the family. The findings indicate that parents may …

Health Status And Resources Of Rural Homeless Women And Children, Martha Craft-Rosenberg, S. Powell, Kennith Culp

Martha J. Craft-Rosenberg

The purpose of this research is to describe the health status and health resources for homeless women and children in a Midwestern rural community. A group of 31 rural homeless women in a shelter participated in the study by answering questions on the Rural Homeless Interview developed by the investigators. The findings revealed higher than expected rates of illness, accidents, and adverse life events, with the incidence ofsubstance abuse and mental illness being comparable to data from other homeless populations. The data on children were limited by lack of knowledge on the part of their mothers. Some mothers reported that …

Prevalence Of Youth Access To Alcohol Or A Gun In The Home, Monica Swahn, B Hammig, R Ikeda

Monica H. Swahn

Objectives: To estimate the national prevalence of youth access to alcohol, a gun, or both alcohol and a gun, in their home and to describe the demographic characteristics associated with access to either alcohol or a gun. Methods: Cross sectional data from the 1995 in-home survey of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which used a nationally representative randomly selected school based sample (n=18 924) of adolescents in grades 7-12, were analyzed. The current analyses were restricted to those adolescents 12-18 years of age (n=18 454). Crude logistic regression analyses was used to determine the demographic characteristics associated with …

Age Of Alcohol Use Initiation, Suicidal Behavior, And Peer And Dating Violence Victimization And Perpetration Among High-Risk, Seventh-Grade Adolescents, Monica Swahn, Robert Bossarte, Ernest Sullivent

Monica H. Swahn

Objective: We examined the cross-sectional associations between reports of an early age of alcohol use initiation and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and peer and dating violence victimization and perpetration among high-risk adolescents.

Method: Data were obtained from the Youth Violence Survey conducted in 2004 and administered to all public school students enrolled in grades 7, 9, and 11/12 (N = 4131) in a high-risk school district in the United States. Our analyses were limited to seventh-grade students who either began drinking before the age of 13 or were nondrinkers, with complete information on all covariates (n = 856). Cross-sectional logistic …

Violent Attacks On Middle Easterners In The United States During The Month Following The September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks, Monica Swahn, R Mahendra, L Paulozzi, R Winston, G Shelley, J Taliano, L Frazier, J Saul

Monica H. Swahn

Objectives: To document and describe hate related violent attacks on Middle Easterners or those perceived to be Middle Easterners during the month following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, DC. Methods: The LexisNexis database of newspaper reports were used to identify incidents of hate related violent acts against Middle Easterners or those perceived to be Middle Easterners in the US between September 1 and October 11, 2001. A total of 100 incidents of hate related violence were identified in the 2659 news articles that were reviewed. Results: Of the 100 incidents of violent victimization …

Concordance Between Self-Reported Maltreatment And Court Records Of Abuse Or Neglect Among High-Risk Youths, Monica Swahn, Daniel Whitaker, Courtney Pippen, Rebecca Leeb, Linda Teplin, Karen Abram, Gary Mcclelland

Monica H. Swahn

Objectives: We examined the concordance between measures of self-reported maltreatment and court records of abuse or neglect in a sample of detained youths.

Methods: Data were collected by the Northwestern Juvenile Project and include interviews from 1829 youths aged 10–18 years. Participants were newly detained youths in the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Illinois between 1995 and 1998. Self-reported cases of child maltreatment were compared with court records of abuse or neglect in the Cook County judicial system.

Results: We found that among detained youths, 16.6% of those who reported any maltreatment, 22.2% of those who reported the …

Parent Behavior And Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Marie Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent-child interactions during urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress …

Parent Behavior And Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Marie Mccarthy

Charmaine Kleiber

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent-child interactions during urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress …

Parent Behavior And Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Marie Mccarthy

Ann Marie McCarthy

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent-child interactions during urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress …

Parent Behavior And Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization, Charmaine Kleiber, Ann Marie Mccarthy

Charmaine Kleiber

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent-child interactions during urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress …

Why Not Support(Ed) Parenting, Joanne Nicholson, William Deveney

Joanne Nicholson

No abstract provided.

Privatized Medicaid Managed Care In Massachusetts: Disposition In Child And Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies, Joanne Nicholson, Stephen Young, Lorna Simon, William Fisher, Anne Bateman

Joanne Nicholson

Data from child and adolescent emergency mental health screening episodes prior and subsequent to privatized Medicaid managed care in Massachusetts are used to investigate the relationship between payer source and disposition and to compare the match between clinical need and disposition level of care. Having Medicaid as the payer in the post-Medicaid managed care period decreased the odds of hospitalization by nearly 60%. None of the clinical need variables that contributed to hospitalization for Medicaid episodes in the pre-Medicaid managed care period were significant in the post-Medicaid managed care period. Multiple forces shaping professional standards, decision making, and quality of …

A Qualitative Study Of Programs For Parents With Serious Mental Illness And Their Children: Building Practice-Based Evidence, Joanne Nicholson, Beth Hinden, Kathleen Biebel, Alexis Henry, Judith Katz-Leavy

Joanne Nicholson

The rationale for the development of effective programs for parents with serious mental illness and their children is compelling. Using qualitative methods and a grounded theory approach with data obtained in site visits, seven existing programs for parents with mental illness and their children in the United States are described and compared across core components: target population, theory and assumptions, funding, community and agency contexts, essential services and intervention strategies, moderators, and outcomes. The diversity across programs is strongly complemented by shared characteristics, the identification of which provides the foundation for future testing and the development of an evidence base. …

Parents With Severe Mental Illness And Their Children: The Need For Human Services Integration, Andrea Blanche, Joanne Nicholson, James Purcell

Joanne Nicholson

This article presents the findings and recommendations of a statewide interagency task force on parents with mental illness who have young children. Based on testimony from consumers, providers, and advocates, the task force concluded that this is a substantial and neglected public policy issue requiring an intergovernmental, services integration approach. Recommendations were made in the areas of services, policies and procedures, and service coordination.

Exploring The Concept Of “Young Carer” In Families Living With Parental Mental Illness, Antonia Seligowski, Peter Mcnamee, Karen Albert, Valerie Williams, Joanne Nicholson

Joanne Nicholson

Background Information: The concept of “young carers” has been framed in the literature as children providing care and assuming household responsibilities when parents have physical and/or mental disabilities (Aldridge & Becker, 2003). In the United Kingdom, young carers have been studied extensively, leading to increased access to services and supports (Dearden & Becker, 2004). Our goal is to explore the concept of young carers in the U.S.

Aims: 1) To describe the care giving and household responsibilities of children and youth living with parents with mental illnesses, how often they are performed, and the feelings of children and youth about …

State Policies And Programs That Address The Needs Of Mentally Ill Mothers In The Public Sector, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher, George Dion

Joanne Nicholson

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether state departments of mental health have specific policies and programs addressing the needs of mentally ill women served in the public sector who have preschool-age children. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to the commissioner of mental health for each state and the District of Columbia. Questions addressed whether information was routinely collected on the parenting status of women who receive public-sector psychiatric services, whether services targeting mentally ill women with young children were available, and whether the state had policies concerning hospitalized women who are pregnant or who have young children. RESULTS: Sixteen …

"Sylvia Frumkin" Has A Baby: A Case Study For Policymakers, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher

Joanne Nicholson

"Sylvia Frumkin" was a pseudonym given to a 32-year-old woman with chronic mental illness described by Susan Sheehan in her books Is There No Place on Earth for Me? This paper presents the case of "Gloria Morrison," a patient similar to Ms. Frumkin, who is also a mother. Issues raised by the case in three areas are discussed. Issues for the service delivery system include developing better assessment, prediction, and reduction of the risk that a parent's mental illness may pose to a child's safety and well-being; targeting supportive and educational interventions to relatives and foster parents caring for children …

A Comparison Of Mothers With Co-Occurring Disorders And Histories Of Violence Living With Or Separated From Minor Children, Joanne Nicholson, Norma Finkelstein, Valerie Williams, Jennifer Thom, Chanson Noether, Megan Devilbiss

Joanne Nicholson

Data from the Women with Co-occurring Disorders and Histories of Violence Study are used to examine characteristics distinguishing mothers currently providing care for all their minor children (n = 558) from mothers separated from one or more minor children (n = 1396). Mothers are described and compared on background characteristics and experiences, well-being and current functioning, situational context, and services used. Analyses control for number of children, race, and years of education. Mothers separated from children have more children, less education, have more often been homeless, in juvenile detention or jail, and have lower incomes than mothers living with all …

An Overview Of Issues In Research On Consumer Satisfaction With Child And Adolescent Mental Health Services, Stephen Young, Joanne Nicholson, Maryann Davis

Joanne Nicholson

Research that focusses on consumer satisfaction with child and adolescent mental health services is reviewed. Satisfaction is broadly conceived to include any study where the perspectives of children, adolescents or their parents about mental health services were gathered and presented. Important conceptual issues in research on consumer satisfaction with children's mental health services are discussed. Some of the general methodological issues that have faced satisfaction researchers are also considered. The wide range of methodological variations that have been used to investigate this topic area are outlined. The most significant findings of previous research are presented and critiqued. In conclusion, suggestions …