Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

2010 Newsmakers: Celebrating Our Own, Paul Mayne, Jason Winders

Vivian C. McAlister

How will we remember 2010? Probably through these faces. This year, the Western News starts a new, if not wholly original, tradition. Our Newsmakers 2010 section celebrates the best of research, academia and volunteer spirit that we have to offer on this campus. We spotlight, in brief words and striking images, the accomplishments of some of our favourites from the last year. One of the most powerful women in Canada. A student with an eye for the greater good. And a man who would do anything, including posing with a zebra, for the United Way. A football coach. A ground-breaking …

A Pioneer Of Urologic Surgery From A Small Town In Ontario, Canada: A Tribute To Abraham Groves (1847-1935)., Yves Caumartin, Vivian C. Mcalister, Patrick Pw Luke

Vivian C. McAlister

Background: Abraham Groves worked as a general practitioner and surgeon in the small town of Fergus, Ontario, Canada. Several priority claims have been attributed to Groves’ life in surgery, including aseptic surgery (1874), appendectomy (1883) and the use of surgical gloves (1885). He was also an early practitioner of urological surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe and objectively assess his contributions as a pioneer in urological surgery.

Methods: A systematic search of contemporary journals was made for articles by or about Groves. These articles and his 1934 autobiography were reviewed. The information was assessed not only …

Western News: Rewriting The Record On Legs, Lesley Craig, Paul Mayne

Vivian C. McAlister

No abstract provided.

Civilian Versus Military Trauma Management, Vivian C. Mcalister

Vivian C. McAlister

In the 21st century, military and civilian trauma surgeons bring similar solutions to similar problems, learning one from another

What Are The Factors That Predict Outcome At Relapse After Previous Esophagectomy And Adjuvant Therapy In High-Risk Esophageal Cancer?, Edward Yu, P. Tai, R. Malthaner, L. Stitt, G. Rodrigues, R. Dar, B. Yaremko, J. Younus, M. Sanatani, M. Vincent, B. Dingle, D. Fortin, R. Inculet

Edward Yu

OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated factors affecting outcome at relapse after previous surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation (crt) in high-risk esophageal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, we followed high-risk resected esophageal cancer patients who had completed postoperative crt therapy. Patients who relapsed with a disease-free interval of less than 3 months were treated with palliative crt when appropriate. Patients with a disease-free interval of 3 months or more were treated with best supportive care. Post-recurrence survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier technique, and statistical comparisons were made using log-rank chi-square tests and Cox regression. RESULTS: Of the …

The Maple Leaf: Saving Lives, Saving Legs, Leslie Craig

Vivian C. McAlister

No abstract provided.

Single Drug Sedation With Fentanyl For Postintubation Sedation In Trauma Patients, Christopher Michetti, J Maguire, A Kaushik, T Boro, R Pullarkat, A Rizo, H Seoudi, M Meehan, L Robinson

Christopher P. Michetti, M.D., F.A.C.S.

No abstract provided.

Management Of Devastating Ocular Trauma--Experience Of Maxillofacial Surgeons Deployed To A Forward Field Hospital, Mark Ansell, J Breeze, Vivian C. Mcalister, Michael Williams

Vivian C. McAlister

Combat-related eye injuries continue to increase in frequency and are generally secondary to Improvised Explosive Devices. Many ocular injuries are potentially preventable by the wearing of ballistic eye protection. The management of penetrating eye trauma is normally outside the routine practice of maxillofacial surgeons in the UK. The aim of this paper is to describe the surgical techniques used in the modern management of devastating ocular trauma including selected case examples managed by British military maxillofacial surgeons deployed to Afghanistan.

Descending Branch Of The Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery - Arterial Genicular Anastomoses, Maher Sabalbal

Maher Sabalbal

Genicular collateral arterial circulation is required for perfusion of the lower leg should the superficial femoral artery (SFA) become obstructed by trauma or disease. When describing the anatomy, textbooks only provide a schematic representation of the genicular collateral circulation and suggest that the descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery (DBLCFA) plays a critical role. The DBLCFA may be removed for bypass and reconstructive surgeries; therefore, a sound anatomical description of this artery is essential. This study combines dissection with 3D reconstruction to describe the anatomy of the DBLCFA and to provide a morphological description of its involvement in the …

In–Theater Peritoneal Dialysis For Combat-Related Renal Failure, Joseph Pina, Soraya Moghadam, Howard M. Cushner, Greg J. Beilman, Vivian C. Mcalister

Vivian C. McAlister

BACKGROUND: Complications of renal failure may prevent timely evacuation of injured soldiers. Conventional renal replacement therapy is not available in forward surgical units.

METHODS: Records of in-theater improvised peritoneal dialysis (IPD) in level III hospitals or forward surgical units in Iraq or Afghanistan were reviewed to determine the following: cause of renal failure and associated injuries; type of dialysate, peritoneal access, and exchange technique; and patient outcome. These data were used to propose method for IPD using commonly available materials.

RESULTS: IPD is described in four patients. Abdominal or chest drains were used with either improvised dextrose-electrolyte solution or commercial …

Elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production Concomitant To Elevated Prostaglandin E2 Production By Trauma Patients' Monocytes, Thomas Takayama, Carol Miller-Graziano, Gyongyi Szabo

Gyongyi Szabo

The level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a monokine implicated in mediating septic shock, is elevated in the blood of some patients with sepsis. Monocytes from 11 trauma patients and 11 burn patients were suboptimally stimulated with interferon gamma and muramyl dipeptide, an analogue of bacterial wall products. The patients with sepsis showed significantly greater total TNF alpha levels (secreted in combination with cell-associated) 3 days before septic episodes, as compared with normal controls (32.38 to 2231.76 ng/10(6) monocytes per milliliter, median = 121.03 ng/10(6) monocytes per milliliter; normal control: 0.00 to 18.20 ng/10(6) monocytes per milliliter, median …

The Emerging Role Of Toll-Like Receptor Pathways In Surgical Diseases, Laszlo Romics, Gyongyi Szabo, John Calvin Coffey, Jiang Huai Wang, Henry Paul Redmond

Gyongyi Szabo

OBJECTIVE: To outline the emerging significance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways in surgical diseases. DATA

SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken by searching the MEDLINE database for the period 1966 to 2005 without language restriction.

STUDY SELECTION: Original or review articles that described experimental data on the activation of TLR signaling pathways in surgically relevant diseases were selected for inclusion in this review.

DATA EXTRACTION: Data were obtained from peer-reviewed articles and references.

DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of TLRs in the recognition of pathogens renders them a key figure in the activation of both innate and …

Induction Of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta And Prostaglandin E2 Production By Ethanol In Human Monocytes, Gyongyi Szabo, Bikash Verma, Miklos Fogarasi, Donna Catalano

Gyongyi Szabo

To test our hypothesis that monocytes (M phi) and their mediators are major contributors to ethanol-related immunodepression, the modulating capacity of acute ethanol treatment was assessed on the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human peripheral blood M phi. We demonstrate that acute in vitro treatment of adherent M phi with either 50 or 150 mM ethanol induced a significant increase in the production of TGF beta (P < 0.045 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, M phi pretreatment with both 50 and 150 mM ethanol augmented TGF beta production in response to subsequent stimulation with …

Acceptance Of An Abo-Incompatible Mismatched (Ab(+) To O(+)) Liver Allograft With The Use Of Daclizumab And Mycophenolate Mofetil, W. Fang, John Saltzman, Sarah Rososhansky, Gyongyi Szabo, Stephen Heard, Barbara Banner, Ravi Chari, Eliezer Katz

Gyongyi Szabo

Liver allograft survival rates of 50% to 60% are reported in blood group A, group B, group O (ABO)-incompatible mismatched grafts even when aggressive immunosuppressive protocols, including plasmapheresis, OKT(3), cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, prostaglandin E(1), and steroids, are used. A 59-year-old woman, blood type O(+), required emergency retransplantation posttransplantation day 2 because of primary nonfunction of the liver allograft. A blood type AB(+) allograft was used. Induction immunosuppressive therapy included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, OKT(3) (muromonab-CD(3)), steroids, and prostaglandin E(1). In addition, plasmapheresis was performed daily for 9 days. OKT(3) and prostaglandin E(1) were also discontinued postoperative day 9. Biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection …

Surgical Response To Catastrophe - Learning From Canada’S Experience Abroad, Vivian C. Mcalister

Vivian C. McAlister

No abstract provided.