Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quality And Cost Of Diabetes Mellitus Care In Community Health Centers In The United States., Patrick Richard, Peter Shin, Tishra Beeson, Laura S. Burke, Susan F. Wood, Sara Rosenbaum

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine variations in the quality and cost of care provided to patients with diabetes mellitus by Community Health Centers (CHCs) compared to other primary care settings.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data from the 2005-2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (N = 2,108). We used two dependent variables: quality of care and ambulatory care expenditures. Our primary independent variable was whether the respondent received care in a Community Health Centers (CHCs) or not. We estimated logistic regression models to determine the probability of quality of care, and used generalized linear models with log link and gamma distribution to …

Implementation Of The International Health Regulations (2005) Through Cooperative Bioengagement, Claire J. Standley, Erin M. Sorrell, Sarah Kornblet, Julie E. Fischer, Rebecca Katz

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Cooperative bioengagement efforts, as practiced by U.S. government-funded entities, such as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, the State Department’s Biosecurity Engagement Program, and parallel programs in other countries, exist at the nexus between public health and security. These programs have an explicit emphasis on developing projects that address the priorities of the partner country as well as the donor. While the objectives of cooperative bioengagement programs focus on reducing the potential for accidental or intentional misuse and/or release of dangerous biological agents, many partner countries are interested in bioengagement as a means to improve basic public …

Optimisations And Challenges Involved In The Creation Of Various Bioluminescent And Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains For In Vitro And In Vivo Applications, Monique I. Spronken, Kristy Short, Sander Herfst, Theo M. Bestebroer, Vincent P. Vaes, Erin Sorrell, + 9 More

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A viruses offer new opportunities to study influenza virus replication, tropism and pathogenesis. To date, several influenza A reporter viruses have been described. These strategies typically focused on a single reporter gene (either bioluminescent or fluorescent) in a single virus backbone. However, whilst bioluminescence is suited to in vivo imaging, fluorescent viruses are more appropriate for microscopy. Therefore, the idea l reporter virus varies depending on the experiment in question, and it is important that any reporter virus strategy can be adapted accordingly. Herein, a strategy was developed to create five different reporter viruses in a …

Medical Education Departments: A Study Of Four Medical Schools In Sub-Saharan Africa, Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde, Zohray Talib, Hannah Wohltjen, Susan C. Connors, Jonathan Gandari, Sekelani S. Benda, Lauren A. Maggio, Susan C. Van Schalkwyk

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background

Many African countries are investing in medical education to address significant health care workforce shortages and ultimately improve health care. Increasingly, training institutions are establishing medical education departments as part of this investment. This article describes the status of four such departments at sub-Saharan African medical schools supported by the Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI). This article will provide information about the role of these institutional structures in fostering the development of medical education within the African context and highlight factors that enable or constrain their establishment and sustainability.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with the heads or directors …

Revising The International Health Regulations: Call For A 2017 Review Conference., Rebecca Katz, Scott F. Dowell

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Alternate Payment Models For Ryan White Hiv/Aids Program Funded Services: Strategies Used By Nine Grantees, Naomi Seiler, Scott Dafflitto, Rosalind Fennell, Julia Hidalgo, Katie Horton, Mary-Beth Malcarney

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB) offers Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) Part A and Part B grantees some flexibility in determining the method used for paying subgrantees for core medical and support services. Many Part A and Part B grantees use a traditional “cost-based reimbursement” approach, in which subgrantees submit budgets that include personnel costs, other direct costs related to the provision of funded services, and capped indirect costs (IDCs). Some grantees, however, have developed alternative reimbursement models for core medical and/or support services. This report summarizes the reimbursement approaches taken by nine RWHAP grantees. …

Undergraduate Public Health Education: Is There An Ideal Curriculum?, Leonard H. Friedman, Joel M. Lee

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Health Care Access Dimensions And Cervical Cancer Screening In South Africa: Analysis Of The World Health Survey., Tomi F. Akinyemiju, Jasmine A. Mcdonald, Paula M. Lantz

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background

Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent recommendations for cervical cancer primary prevention highlight HPV vaccination, and secondary prevention through screening. However, few studies have examined the different dimensions of health care access, and how these may influence screening behavior, especially in the context of clinical preventive services.

Methods

Using the 2003 South Africa World Health Survey, we determined the prevalence of cervical cancer screening with pelvic examinations and/or pap smears among women ages 18 years and older. We also examined the association between multiple …

The Core Competencies For Mental, Neurological, And Substance Use Disorder Care In Sub-Saharan Africa, Pamela Y. Collins, Seggane Musisi, Seble Frehywot, Vikram Patel

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study points to a changing landscape in which non-communicable diseases, such as mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders, account for an increasing proportion of premature mortality and disability globally. Despite evidence of the need for care, a remarkable deficit of providers for MNS disorder service delivery persists in sub-Saharan Africa. This critical workforce can be developed from a range of non-specialist and specialist health workers who have access to evidence-based interventions, whose roles, and the associated tasks, are articulated and clearly delineated, and who are equipped to master and maintain the competencies associated …

Impact Of Health Insurance Expansions On Nonelderly Adults With Hypertension., Suhui Li, Brian K. Bruen, Paula M. Lantz, David Mendez

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Introduction

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. The treatment and control of hypertension is inadequate, especially among patients without health insurance coverage. The Affordable Care Act offered an opportunity to improve hypertension management by increasing the number of people covered by insurance. This study predicts the long-term effects of improved hypertension treatment rates due to insurance expansions on the prevalence and mortality rates of CVD of nonelderly Americans with hypertension.

Methods

We developed a state-transition model to simulate the lifetime health events of the population aged 25 to …

Should We Put Our Feet In The Water? Use Of A Survey To Assess Recreational Exposures To Contaminants In The Anacostia River., Rianna Murray, Sacoby Wilson, Laura Dalemarre, Victoria Chanse, Janet Phoenix, Lori Baranoff

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The Anacostia River, a tributary of the Potomac River that flows into the Chesapeake Bay, is highly contaminated with raw sewage, heavy metals, oil and grease, trash, pathogens, excessive sediments, and organic chemicals. Despite this contamination, recreation on the river is very popular, including kayaking, canoeing, rowing, and sport fishing. There is currently no information available on the potential health risks faced by recreational users from exposure to the river’s pollutants. A total of 197 recreational users of the Anacostia River were surveyed regarding general demographic information and their recreational behavior over the previous year, including frequency and duration of …

Evaluation Of Social Media Utilization By Latino Adolescents: Implications For Mobile Health Interventions, Megan Landry, Amita Vyas, Monique Turner, Sara Nelson Glick, Susan Wood

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background: Trends in social media use, including sending/receiving short message service (SMS) and social networking, are constantly changing, yet little is known about adolescent’s utilization and behaviors. This longitudinal study examines social media utilization among Latino youths, and differences by sex and acculturation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine Latino adolescents’ social media utilization and behavior over a 16-month period, and to assess whether changes in use differed by sex and acculturation.

Methods: This study included 555 Latino youths aged 13-19 who completed baseline and 16-month follow-up surveys. Prevalence of social media utilization and frequency, by sex …

Mapping Of Networks To Detect Priority Zoonoses In Jordan, Erin M. Sorrell, Mohammad El Azhari, Nezar Maswdeh, Sarah Kornblet, Claire J. Standley, Rebecca L. Katz, Ibrahim Ablan, Julie E. Fischer

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Early detection of emerging disease events is a priority focus area for cooperative bioengagement programs. Communication and coordination among national disease surveillance and response networks are essential for timely detection and control of a public health event. Although systematic information sharing between the human and animal health sectors can help stakeholders detect and respond to zoonotic diseases rapidly, resource constraints and other barriers often prevent efficient cross-sector reporting. The purpose of this research project was to map the laboratory and surveillance networks currently in place for detecting and reporting priority zoonotic diseases in Jordan in order to identify the nodes …

Comparing Cost-Effectiveness Of Hiv Testing Strategies: Targeted And Routine Testing In Washington, Dc., Amanda D Castel, Sungwoog Choi, Avi Dor, Jennifer Skillicorn, James Peterson, Nestor Rocha, Michael Kharfen

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Routine HIV testing is an essential approach to identifying undiagnosed infections, linking people to care and treatment, and preventing new infections. In Washington, DC, where HIV prevalence is 2.4%, a combination of routine and targeted testing approaches has been implemented since 2006.

METHODS: We sought to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the District of Columbia (DC) Department of Health's routine and targeted HIV testing implementation strategies. We collected HIV testing data from 3 types of DC Department of Health-funded testing sites (clinics, hospitals, and community-based organizations); collected testing and labor costs; and calculated effectiveness measures including cost per new …

Clash Of The Titans: Medicaid Meets Private Health Insurance, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Throughout its first forty-eight years of life, the federal Medicaid statute lacked a viable insurance pathway for most low-income adults' ineligible for employer-sponsored coverage. In what is arguably the most important public health achievement since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid fifty years ago, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) fundamentally alters this picture. Building on earlier breakthroughs for children, the ACA restructures Medicaid to cover poor adults and juxtaposes its new architecture against an affordable and accessible private insurance market for people ineligible for employer-sponsored or government insurance.

Transforming Health Professions' Education Through In-Country Collaboration: Examining The Consortia Among African Medical Schools Catalyzed By The Medical Education Partnership Initiative., Zohray M. Talib, Elsie Kiguli-Malwadde, Hannah Wohltjen, Miliard Derbew, Yakub Mulla, David Olaleye, Nelson Sewankambo

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: African medical schools have historically turned to northern partners for technical assistance and resources to strengthen their education and research programmes. In 2010, this paradigm shifted when the United States Government brought forward unprecedented resources to support African medical schools. The grant, entitled the Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI) triggered a number of south-south collaborations between medical schools in Africa. This paper examines the goals of these partnerships and their impact on medical education and health workforce planning.

METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Principal Investigators of the first four MEPI programmes that formed an in-country consortium. These …