Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Exercise During Radiotherapy On Physical Function And Treatment-Related Side Effects In Men With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Oliver Schumacher, Hao Luo, Dennis Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Nigel Spry, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose

Radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment for prostate cancer; however, the side effects may negatively affect quality of life and cause patients to be less physically active. Although exercise has been shown to mitigate radiation therapy–related fatigue in men with prostate cancer during radiation therapy, other adverse effects of treatment such as physical deconditioning, urinary symptoms, or sexual dysfunction have not been systematically reviewed in this patient population. Thus, the purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of exercise on physical function and treatment-related side effects in men with prostate cancer undergoing radiation therapy.

Methods

A …

Potential Role Of Exercise Induced Extracellular Vesicles In Prostate Cancer Suppression, Ying Zhang, Jin-Soo Kim, Tain-Zhen Wang, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvao, Robert A. Gardiner, Michelle M. Hill, Dennis Taaffe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a valuable treatment strategy in managing prostate cancer, not only enhancing supportive care but potentially influencing disease outcomes. However, there are limited studies investigating mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive effect of exercise. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a therapeutic target for cancer as tumor-derived EVs have the potential to promote metastatic capacity by transferring oncogenic proteins, integrins, and microRNAs to other cells and EVs are also involved in developing drug resistance. Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ, releasing EVs into the circulation, and levels of EV-containing factors have been …

What Is The Minimal Dose For Resistance Exercise Effectiveness In Prostate Cancer Patients? Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On Patient-Reported Outcomes, Pedro Lopez, Dennis R. Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Laurien M. Buffart, Daniel A. Galvão

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Active treatments for prostate cancer are well known to result in several adverse effects such as fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms, impacting the overall quality of life (QoL) and wellbeing of a considerable proportion of patients. Resistance-based exercise interventions have shown positive effects to reduce or mitigate these treatment-related side effects. However, the minimal dosage required to derive these benefits is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (mode, duration, volume and intensity) on fatigue, QoL, depression and anxiety. Methods: Using …

Using Exercise And Nutrition To Alter Fat And Lean Mass In Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Narrative Review, Rebekah L. Wilson, Dennis R. Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Nicolas H. Hart, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Fat mass (FM) gain and lean mass (LM) loss are common side effects for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Excess FM has been associated with an increased risk of developing obesity-related comorbidities, exacerbating prostate cancer progression, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. LM is the predominant contributor to resting metabolic rate, with any loss impacting long-term weight management as well as physical function. Therefore, reducing FM and preserving LM may improve patient-reported outcomes, risk of disease progression, and ameliorate comorbidity development. In ADT-treated patients, exercise and nutrition programs can lead to improvements in quality of life and …

Cost-Effectiveness Of Exercise Medicine For Prostate Cancer, Kim Edmunds

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with numerous adverse effects that impact on quality of life and contribute further to the cost burden of prostate cancer (PCa) via treatment and supportive care. Exercise medicine is effective in slowing PCa progression, reversing treatment adverse effects and improving quality of life and survival of patients, however, no economic analyses have been conducted to determine whether exercise is cost-effective in this population.

Objectives

Firstly, to examine the adverse effects of ADT for PCa and the evidence supporting the use of exercise medicine in their management. Secondly, to conduct the first economic evaluations …

The Tumor Suppressor Mir-642a-5p Targets Wilms Tumor 1 Gene And Cell-Cycle Progression In Prostate Cancer, Dianne J. Beveridge, Kirsty L. Richardson, Michael R. Epis, Rikki A. M. Brown, Lisa M. Stuart, Andrew J. Woo, Peter J. Leedman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

RNA-based therapeutics are emerging as innovative options for cancer treatment, with microRNAs being attractive targets for therapy development. We previously implicated microRNA-642a-5p (miR-642a-5p) as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa), and here we characterize its mode of action, using 22Rv1 PCa cells. In an in vivo xenograft tumor model, miR-642a-5p induced a significant decrease in tumor growth, compared to negative control. Using RNA-Sequencing, we identified gene targets of miR-642a-5p which were enriched for gene sets controlling cell cycle; downregulated genes included Wilms Tumor 1 gene (WT1), NUAK1, RASSF3 and SKP2; and upregulated genes included IGFBP3 and GPS2. Analysis of …

Resistance Exercise Dosage In Men With Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis And Meta-Regression, Pedro Lopez, Dennis R. Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose

Resistance training (RT) improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer, however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the RT effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Methods

Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomised controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or following treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more …

Exercise Modulation Of Tumour Perfusion And Hypoxia To Improve Radiotherapy Response In Prostate Cancer, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvao, Dennis Taaffe, Raphael Chee, Nigel Spry, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

An increasing number of studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in the overall care of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before, during and after treatment. Historically, research has focused on exercise as a modulator of physical function, psychosocial well-being as well as a countermeasure to cancer- and treatment-related adverse effects. However, recent studies reveal that exercise may also directly influence tumour physiology that could beneficially affect the response to radiotherapy.

Methods

In this narrative review, we provide an overview of tumour vascular characteristics that limit the effect of radiation and establish a rationale for exercise as adjunct therapy …

Psychological Distress In Men With Prostate Cancer Undertaking Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Modifying Effects Of Exercise From A Year-Long Randomized Controlled Trial, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Suzanne K. Chambers, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Robert A. Gardiner, Ciaran M. Fairman, Dennis R. Taaffe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2021, The Author(s). Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of various exercise modes on psychological distress in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and methods: 135 prostate cancer patients aged 43–90 years on ADT were randomized to twice weekly supervised impact loading and resistance exercise (ImpRes), supervised aerobic and resistance exercise (AerRes), and usual care/delayed supervised aerobic exercise (DelAer) for 12 months, and completed measures of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). BSI-18 provides three subscales for anxiety, depression, and somatisation, as well as the global severity index (GSI) where higher scores indicate …

Association Of Genetic Variants With Prostate Cancer In Africa: A Concise Review, Emmanuel Acheampong, Evans A. Adu, Christian Obirikorang, George Amoah, Osei O. Afriyie, Joseph Yorke, Enoch O. Anto, Michael A. Gyamfi, Emmanuella N. Acheampong, Christian K. Gyasi-Sarpong, Francis A. Yeboah

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has one of the highest heritability of all major cancers, where the genetic contribution has been documented, and knowledge about the molecular genetics of the disease is increasing. However, the extent and aspects to which genetic variants explain PCa heritability in Africa are limited. Main body: In this review, we summarize studies that highlight how identified genetic variants explain differences in PCa incidence and presentation across ethnic groups. We also present the knowledge gaps in PCa genetics in Africa and why Africa represents an untapped potential ground for genetic studies on PCa. A significant number of …

Effect Of Exercise Adjunct To Radiation And Androgen Deprivation Therapy On Patient-Reported Treatment Toxicity In Men With Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis Of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvão, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: Physical inactivity, in addition to clinical factors, has been associated with higher levels of late pelvic symptoms in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a structured multicomponent exercise program comprised of aerobic and resistance training as well as impact loading on the prevalence and severity of symptoms commonly resulting from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and pelvic radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: We performed a secondary analysis of pooled data from 2 randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of exercise on treatment-related side effects in patients …

Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care: If Not Now, When?, Jeffrey Dunn, Peter Heathcote, Suzanne K. Chambers

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in Australian men, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, and it is estimated that there are over 220 000 Australian men living with a diagnosis of prostate cancer [1]. Survival for men with prostate cancer is excellent in countries that have accessible screening and treatment services, and in Australia 5-year relative survival is over 95% [1]. High incidence, coupled with improving long-term survival, leads to a correspondingly high prevalence rate and high community disease burden. Many men with prostate cancer experience long-term decrements in their mental and physical quality of life, overall they have …