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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
An Investigation Of Public Injection Drug Use In New York City: A Mixed-Methods Study, Taeko M. Frost
An Investigation Of Public Injection Drug Use In New York City: A Mixed-Methods Study, Taeko M. Frost
Dissertations and Theses
Background: Drug use and injection-related harms are on the rise in the United States (US). As a result, new outbreaks of HIV and viral hepatitis C (HCV) attributed to injection drug use have been identified across the country. In addition to HIV and HCV, skin and soft tissue infection (SSTIs) that result from risky injection practices lead to preventable and costly emergency department (ED) visits. The concurrent opioid overdose epidemic has prompted a national conversation on how to effectively address drug-related harms and associated costs. International studies have identified that the place a person injects is related to adverse health …
Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit Requirements: An Exploration Of National Health Policy Models, Justin P. Swearingen
Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit Requirements: An Exploration Of National Health Policy Models, Justin P. Swearingen
Dissertations and Theses
Introduction: Nonprofit hospital organizations are public charities with complete tax immunity. Such exemptions are worth $24.6 billion and impact the health of hundreds of millions of people, yet what these charities must do to meet the current “community benefit standard” to maintain their tax-exempt status remains a policy debate. To help inform policymaking, an evaluation of four national requirement models was performed: Tax Value Requirement (at least the value of the tax exemptions must be spent on community benefit), Grassley Requirement (at least 5% of revenue must be spent on community benefit), Expense Requirement (at least 3% of expenses must …
Exploring The Health Effects Of Precarious Employment By Sex/Gender Using Mixed Methods, Kathleen Flandrick
Exploring The Health Effects Of Precarious Employment By Sex/Gender Using Mixed Methods, Kathleen Flandrick
Dissertations and Theses
Employment in the United States has changed dramatically since the mid-1970s. Labor market forces like globalization and diversification of the American workforce have led to a heavily segmented labor market where new types of flexible employment such as temporary, contingent, and nonstandard work arrangements are increasingly common. These newer types of work are often on the lower end of the precarious employment continuum, categorizing jobs by their degree of: 1) temporariness, 2) disempowerment, 3) vulnerability, 4) compensation (wages), 5) rights, and 6) ability to exercise worker rights. The increase in precarious employment likely disproportionately affects women when compared to men, …
The New York City Childcare Influenza Vaccine Mandate: A Case Study, Amy E. Metroka
The New York City Childcare Influenza Vaccine Mandate: A Case Study, Amy E. Metroka
Dissertations and Theses
Background. In 2014, New York City (NYC) became the third jurisdiction in the United States (US) to enact a childcare influenza vaccine mandate, after the states of New Jersey and Connecticut. The mandate was enacted by the NYC Board of Health by amending the NYC Health Code. The mandate’s goal was to increase vaccination rates among 6-59-month-olds attending city-regulated public and private childcare programs, including prekindergarten, to protect children, families, and the community against influenza. Children younger than 5 years are at high risk for severe illness and complications from influenza. Children are also known to be a major source …
A Multilevel Analysis To Understand The Role Of The Federal Vaccine Financing Program In Socioeconomic Disparities In Vaccination Coverage Among Children And Adolescents In New York City, Alexandra Ternier
Dissertations and Theses
A Multilevel Analysis to Understand the Role of the Federal Vaccine Financing Program in Socioeconomic Disparities in Vaccination Coverage among Children and Adolescents in New York City
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the federal vaccine financing program, the Vaccines For Children (VFC) program, in vaccine series completeness among children and adolescents in New York City. In addition, we aimed to investigate possible effect measure modification by selected neighborhood variables to explain socioeconomic disparities in vaccination coverage.
Methods: We used data from the New York City (NYC) Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR) and the American …
From Food To Food Justice: Pathways And Narratives Of Young Food Activists In New York City, Amy Kwan
From Food To Food Justice: Pathways And Narratives Of Young Food Activists In New York City, Amy Kwan
Dissertations and Theses
With a rise in obesity and other non-communicable, diet-related health problems and the persistence of food insecurity among many vulnerable populations, the involvement of young people in the current, burgeoning food-justice movement has the potential to bring forth transformative changes to our food system and thus improve population health. While much is known about the outcomes of providing opportunities for young people to be actively and civically engaged in their communities, there is a lack of research on the pathways, narratives, and experiences that bring young people into food justice activism.
Through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 25 young food activists …
Incorporating Place And Space: A Hierarchical Spatial Approach To Exploring Preventable Congestive Heart Failure Hospitalizations In New York City, Rachael Weiss Riley
Incorporating Place And Space: A Hierarchical Spatial Approach To Exploring Preventable Congestive Heart Failure Hospitalizations In New York City, Rachael Weiss Riley
Dissertations and Theses
Background: Faced with rising medical care costs, increasing prevalence, and widening health disparities, preventing congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations is a central public health concern. Despite evidence of geographical clustering in preventable CHF admissions, there is a lack of research designed to examine spatial patterning of CHF and the local area neighborhood determinants that contribute to this variability. This study sought to assess and evaluate the importance of both space and place in analyzing preventable CHF hospitalizations and readmissions by applying appropriate statistical techniques, clarifying the assumption inherent in each method, and interpreting the findings within the context of existing …
The Role Of Socioeconomic Context In The Association Between Educational Attainment And Morbidity And Mortality, Jennifer Brite
The Role Of Socioeconomic Context In The Association Between Educational Attainment And Morbidity And Mortality, Jennifer Brite
Dissertations and Theses
Although the association between educational attainment and health is one of the most studied in the social science, little is known about the role of social and economic context. Fundamental Cause Theory suggests that the education-health gradient will be weakest in contexts where the better educated are unable to leverage their resources to achieve better health. This dissertation tests several different factors that may moderate the association between educational attainment and morbidity and mortality: 1. Demographic characteristics, including race, immigration status, and gender, 2. Status consistency (defined as education equivalent to that required for current occupation), 3. Unemployment rates at …
Transitional Healthcare Coordination In New York City Jails Among People With Chronic Health Conditions: Contributions To Reduced Reincarceration And Improved Health, Janet J. Wiersema
Transitional Healthcare Coordination In New York City Jails Among People With Chronic Health Conditions: Contributions To Reduced Reincarceration And Improved Health, Janet J. Wiersema
Dissertations and Theses
People in correctional settings often have poorer health than the general US population. For example, it is estimated that 27.9% of persons in jail have hypertension, 8.1% have diabetes, and 1.6% have HIV, compared to 25.6%, 6.5%, and 0.5%, respectively, in the general population. Jail and other correctional settings are also increasingly recognized as viable places to engage poor and underserved communities into the healthcare system by offering transitional care coordination services to connect people to healthcare and other services to meet priorities after incarceration. At the same time, recidivism is an issue—over 50% of persons in New York City …
Automatic Optimum Atlas Selection For Multi-Atlas Image Segmentation Using Joint Label Fusion, Kofi Agyeman
Automatic Optimum Atlas Selection For Multi-Atlas Image Segmentation Using Joint Label Fusion, Kofi Agyeman
Dissertations and Theses
Multi-atlas image segmentation using label fusion is one of the most accurate state of the art image segmentation techniques available for biomedical imaging applications. Motivated to achieve higher image segmentation accuracy, reduce computational costs and a continuously increasing atlas data size, a robust framework for optimum selection of atlases for label fusion is vital. Although believed not to be critical for weighted label fusion techniques by some works (Sabuncu, M. R. et al., 2010, [1]), others have shown that appropriate atlas selection has several merits and can improve multi-atlas image segmentation accuracy (Aljabar et al., 2009, [2], Van de Velde …
Taurine's Effect On Cocaine Reward And Neurogenesis In The Adolescent Male Rat Brain., Avery E. Villa-Gonzalez
Taurine's Effect On Cocaine Reward And Neurogenesis In The Adolescent Male Rat Brain., Avery E. Villa-Gonzalez
Dissertations and Theses
Adolescence is a developmentally critical transition from childhood to adulthood including both maturation of the body and the brain. Neuroplastic changes result in dynamic organization of the brain during adolescence, leaving them vulnerable to development of mental illness and drug-seeking behavior. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the psychostimulant cocaine is the second most popular illicit drug in the world. Cocaine, amongst having many detrimental effects, has shown to also decrease hippocampal neurogenesis, resulting in decreased neuroplasticity and cognitive dysfunction. Previous students in our laboratory have shown that treatment of adult male rats with the essential …