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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Vitamin D Status In Healthy Black African Adults At A Tertiary Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study, Elizabeth Kagotho, Geoffrey Omuse, Nancy Okinda, Peter Ojwang
Vitamin D Status In Healthy Black African Adults At A Tertiary Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study, Elizabeth Kagotho, Geoffrey Omuse, Nancy Okinda, Peter Ojwang
Pathology, East Africa
Background: Vitamin D has been known since the twentieth Century for its benefits in bone health. Recent observational studies have demonstrated its benefits in infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This has led to a dramatic increase in testing among adults. The cut-offs for vitamin D deficiency have been debated for decades and the current cut off is derived from a Caucasian population. Studies done among black African adults in Africa are few with vitamin D deficiency ranging from 5 to 91%. A few cut- offs have correlated vitamin D …
Using Theories And Models For Operationalization Of Patient Trust In Doctors In Chronic Disease Response In Low Income Africa: ‘Best Fit Approach’, Kahabi Isangula
Using Theories And Models For Operationalization Of Patient Trust In Doctors In Chronic Disease Response In Low Income Africa: ‘Best Fit Approach’, Kahabi Isangula
School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa
Background: Recent evidence suggest that improved patient trust in doctors can facilitate their healthcare seeking, adherence and continuity with care. With the growing burden of chronic disease in low income Africa (LIA) characterized by challenges of poor patient healthcare seeking, non-adherence and poor continuity with care, trust forms an important entry point for addressing these challenges. However, the topic of trust has generally received weaker attention among researchers in LIA contexts. To date, there has been no attempts to generate a clear guide for theory-driven inquiries as a means of operationalization of trust as a public health lens for chronic …
Rapid Intravenous Rehydration Of Children With Acute Gastroenteritis And Dehydration: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, M. A. Iro, T. Sell, N. Brown, K. Maitland
Rapid Intravenous Rehydration Of Children With Acute Gastroenteritis And Dehydration: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, M. A. Iro, T. Sell, N. Brown, K. Maitland
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends rapid intravenous rehydration, using fluid volumes of 70-100mls/kg over 3–6 h, with some of the initial volume given rapidly as initial fluid boluses to treat hypovolaemic shock for children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and severe dehydration. The evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of rapid versus slower rehydration remains uncertain.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 11th of May 2017 comparing different rates of intravenous fluid therapy in children with AGE and moderate or severe dehydration, using standard search terms. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and …
Children’S Oxygen Administration Strategies Trial (Coast): A Randomised Controlled Trial Of High Flow Versus Oxygen Versus Control In African Children With Severe Pneumonia, Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Opoka, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Charles Engoru, Patricia Njuguna, Victor Bandika, Ayub Mpoya, Andrew Bush, Thomas Williams
Children’S Oxygen Administration Strategies Trial (Coast): A Randomised Controlled Trial Of High Flow Versus Oxygen Versus Control In African Children With Severe Pneumonia, Kathryn Maitland, Sarah Kiguli, Robert Opoka, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Charles Engoru, Patricia Njuguna, Victor Bandika, Ayub Mpoya, Andrew Bush, Thomas Williams
Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa
Background: In Africa, the clinical syndrome of pneumonia remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the post-neonatal period. This represents a significant burden on in-patient services. The targeted use of oxygen and simple, non-invasive methods of respiratory support may be a highly cost-effective means of improving outcome, but the optimal oxygen saturation threshold that results in benefit and the best strategy for delivery are yet to be tested in adequately powered randomised controlled trials. There is, however, an accumulating literature about the harms of oxygen therapy across a range of acute and emergency situations that …