Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Overview Of Antiretropulsion Devices For Prevention Of Inadvertent Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy For Ureteric Stone, Ali Akbar Zehri, Miten Patel, Philip Adebayo, Authar Ali

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an update about the use of preventive devices used to stop retrograde stone migration during pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteric stone management. The aim to reduce the cost, ancillary procedure, reduce the operative time and improve the stone free rate. The hunt for ideal cadget to stop retrograde stone migration is still continue in 21 century.

Validation Of Kiswahili Version Of Hoqolhivbref Questionnaire Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nuru Kondo, Tumbwene Mwansisya, Eric Aghan, Riaz Ratansi

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background: Quality of life is an important element of surveillance in people living with HIV/AIDS. WHO has developed an HIV specific quality of life tool (WHOQOLHIV-Bref) for assessing Quality of life of HIV individuals. This tool takes into account the different cultural variations that exist worldwide and hence enable assessment of the quality of life across different cultures. Despite its preliminary sound validity and reliability from several studies, the developers recommend it to be validated in different cultures to fully assess its psychometric properties before its adaptation.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity and reliability of WHOQOLHIV-Bref questionnaire in …

State Transition Modeling Of Complex Monitored Health Data, Jörn Schulz, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Kjersti Engan, Trygve Eftestol, Samwel Jatosh, Hussein Kidanto, Hege Ersdal

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

This article considers the analysis of complex monitored health data, where often one or several signals are reflecting the current health status that can be represented by a finite number of states, in addition to a set of covariates. In particular, we consider a novel application of a non-parametric state intensity regression method in order to study time-dependent effects of covariates on the state transition intensities. The method can handle baseline, time varying as well as dynamic covariates. Because of the non-parametric nature, the method can handle different data types and challenges under minimal assumptions. If the signal that is …

Low Use Of Vacuum Extraction: Health Care Professionals’ Perspective In A University Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Henrik Makokha-Sandell, Andrew Mgaya, Johanna Belachew, Helena Litorp, Hussein Kidanto, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Use of vacuum extraction (VE) has been declining in low and middle income countries. At the highest referral hospital Tanzania, 54% of deliveries are performed by caesarean section (CS) and only 0.8% by VE. Use of VE has the potential to reduce CS rates and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes but causes for its low use is not fully explored.

Method During November and December of 2017 participatory observations, semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 29) and focus group discussions (n = 2) were held with midwives, residents and specialists working at the highest referral hospital in Tanzania. Thematic analysis …

Negative Appendectomy Rate In Urban Referral Hospitals In Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Associated Factors, Nyamuryekung’E Klint Masawa, Authar Ali, Miten Ramesh Patel, Aidan Njau, Omar Sherman, Ahmed Jusabani, Ali Akbar Zehri

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

Acute appendicitis (AA) has a lifetime risk of 8.3% with a consequent 23% lifetime risk of emergency appendectomy. In atypical presentation, making a clinical diagnosis is difficult, leading to a high perforation rate (PR) or misdiagnoses and high negative appendectomy rates (NAR). This study aimed to establish NAR and explore the associated factors and possible attainable solutions to reduce it in urban referral hospitals in Tanzania.

Methods:

This was a crosssectional study with 91 consecutive patients, aged 10 years and older undergoing appendectomy for suspected AA with histological evaluation of specimens. The study was powered to detect the NAR …

Magnitude Of Screening For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In An Urban Setting In Tanzania; A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study, Akampa Mukuve, Mariam Noorani, Ibrahim Sendagire, Miriam Mgonja

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Medical screening detects risk factors for disease or presence of disease in otherwise well persons in order to intervene early and reduce morbidity and mortality. During antenatal care (ANC) it is important to detect conditions that complicate pregnancy, like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite international and local guidelines recommending screening for GDM during ANC, there is evidence to suggest that the practice was not being carried out adequately. A major challenge may be lack of consensus on uniform GDM screening and diagnostic guidelines internationally and locally.

The primary objective was to determine the magnitude of screening for GDM among …

H2s Donor Gyy4137 Ameliorates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain In Mice, Bedoor Qabazard, Willias Masocha, Maitham Khajah, Philip Adebayo

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) is a dose-limiting side effect that largely affects the patient’s quality of life and may limit the use of the drug as a chemotherapeutic agent for treating metastatic breast cancer and other solid tumors. Recently, a putative role for the gaseous mediator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in nociception modulation has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential efficacy of the slow release H2S donor GYY4137 to alleviate and prevent PINP. Female BALB/c mice that were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with paclitaxel (2 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days developed thermal hyperalgesia, cold and …

Family Medicine In Tanzania: Seize The Moment, Riaz Ratansi, Bernhard M. Gaede

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

In the context of addressing the pressing health needs for the global population, the World Health Organization has repeatedly called for universal health coverage (UHC) to be prioritised by its member countries. This is to be achieved through a high-quality primary health care (PHC) approach that provides comprehensive and integrated generalist care as close to where people live as well as links the clinical care to health promotion and disease prevention. In this paper, we argue for the introduction of family medicines as a critical player in the healthcare system of Tanzania to strengthen the strategies towards UHC. The paper …

Revisiting Caroli Syndrome In A Tanzanian Patient, Casmir Wambura, Sharma, Munishi, Salim Suran

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome are two rare congenital diseases of the intrahepatic bileducts. Caroli syndrome is characterized by the saccular dilatation of intrahepatic bile ductsassociated with congenital hepatic fibrosis. It is rarely diagnosed in childhood. We herebydescribe a case of Caroli syndrome in a young Tanzanian female who had abdominal pain anddistension since childhood. Her history suggested the presence of portal hypertension possiblyfrom congenital hepatic fibrosis. The diagnosis was reached based on ultrasound, computedtomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, and magnetic resonancecholangiopancreatography (MRCP)