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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Surprisingly Low Levels Of Measles Immunity In Persons With Hiv: A Seroprevalence Survey In A United States Hiv Clinic, Lindsey Rearigh, Jennifer O'Neill, Maureen Kubat, Harlan Sayles, Susan Swindells, Sara Bares
Surprisingly Low Levels Of Measles Immunity In Persons With Hiv: A Seroprevalence Survey In A United States Hiv Clinic, Lindsey Rearigh, Jennifer O'Neill, Maureen Kubat, Harlan Sayles, Susan Swindells, Sara Bares
Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases
Background: Measles outbreaks have become increasingly common due to deteriorating vaccination rates, fluctuating herd immunity, and varying antibody decline. Limited knowledge exists regarding prevalence and risk factors associated with measles seronegativity among persons with HIV (PWH).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic HIV clinic in Omaha, Nebraska. Participants were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through electronic medical record review. Simple and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for measles seronegativity.
Results: Three hundred fifty-one participants were enrolled, with a measles seroprevalence rate of 70.3%. …
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2Α Reprograms Liver Macrophages To Protect Against Acute Liver Injury Through The Production Of Interleukin-6, Rachel Y Gao, Meng Wang, Qihui Liu, Dechun Feng, Yankai Wen, Yang Xia, Sean P Colgan, Holger K Eltzschig, Cynthia Ju
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2Α Reprograms Liver Macrophages To Protect Against Acute Liver Injury Through The Production Of Interleukin-6, Rachel Y Gao, Meng Wang, Qihui Liu, Dechun Feng, Yankai Wen, Yang Xia, Sean P Colgan, Holger K Eltzschig, Cynthia Ju
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose represents the most frequent cause of acute liver failure, resulting in death or liver transplantation in more than one third of patients in the United States. The effectiveness of the only antidote, N-acetylcysteine, declines rapidly after APAP ingestion, long before patients are admitted to the clinic with symptoms of severe liver injury. The direct hepatotoxicity of APAP triggers a cascade of innate immune responses that may exacerbate or limit the progression of tissue damage. A better understanding of this complex mechanism will help uncover targets for therapeutic interventions.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: We observed that …
The Enzymatic Function Of The Tir Domain: From Axon Degeneration To Innate Immunity, Kow Essuman
The Enzymatic Function Of The Tir Domain: From Axon Degeneration To Innate Immunity, Kow Essuman
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) domain is an evolutionarily ancient protein domain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes, and is an essential signaling component of innate immunity pathways. In animal innate immunity, TIR domains have primarily been described for their scaffolding function in assembling protein complexes in host defense. In plant immunity, TIR domains are key components of the intracellular Nucleotide Binding Leucine rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors that confer resistance to pathogens. These NLR receptors trigger cell death and an immune response upon activation, but their mechanism has remained elusive. In bacteria, TIR domain proteins have been suggested to function as …
Immunity And Field Efficacy Of Type 2-Containing Polio Vaccines After Cessation Of Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine: A Population-Based Serological Study In Pakistan, Arie Voorman, Atif Habib, Imtiaz Hussain, Rana Muhammad Safdar, Jamal A. Ahmed, William C. Weldon, Imran Ahmed, Muhammad Umer, Jeffrey Partridge, Sajid Bashir Soofi
Immunity And Field Efficacy Of Type 2-Containing Polio Vaccines After Cessation Of Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine: A Population-Based Serological Study In Pakistan, Arie Voorman, Atif Habib, Imtiaz Hussain, Rana Muhammad Safdar, Jamal A. Ahmed, William C. Weldon, Imran Ahmed, Muhammad Umer, Jeffrey Partridge, Sajid Bashir Soofi
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: In Pakistan and other countries using oral polio vaccine (OPV), immunity to type 2 poliovirus is now maintained by a single dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, supplemented in outbreak settings by monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV. While well-studied in clinical trials, population protection against poliovirus type 2 achieved in routine and outbreak settings is generally unknown.
Methods: We conducted two phases of a population-based serological survey of 7940 children aged 6-11 months old, between November 2016 and October 2017 from 13 polio high-risk locations in Pakistan.
Results: Type 2 seroprevalence was 50% among …
How Nutrition Can Help To Fight Against Covid-19 Pandemic, Faseeha Aman, Sadia Masood
How Nutrition Can Help To Fight Against Covid-19 Pandemic, Faseeha Aman, Sadia Masood
Section of Internal Medicine
Currently Covid-19 pandemic is a leading challenge across the globe. It is mandatory to attain and maintain good nutritional status to fight against virus. Nutritional status of individual is affected by several factors such as age, sex, health status, life style and medications. Nutritional status of individuals has been used as resilience towards destabilization during this COVID-19 pandemic. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system, therefore the only sustainable way to survive in current context is to strengthen the immune system. There is no evidence found that supplement can cure the immune system except Vit C, which …
Potency And Breadth Of Human Primary Zikv Immune Sera Shows That Zika Viruses Cluster Antigenically As A Single Serotype, Chad M. Nix, Jonathan Salberg, Felicity J. Coulter, Bettie W. Kareko, Zoe L. Lyski, Brian L. Booty, William B. Messer
Potency And Breadth Of Human Primary Zikv Immune Sera Shows That Zika Viruses Cluster Antigenically As A Single Serotype, Chad M. Nix, Jonathan Salberg, Felicity J. Coulter, Bettie W. Kareko, Zoe L. Lyski, Brian L. Booty, William B. Messer
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations
The recent emergence of Zika virus as an important human pathogen has raised questions about the durability and breadth of Zika virus immunity following natural infection in humans. While global epidemic patterns suggest that Zika infection elicits a protective immune response that is likely to offer long-term protection against repeat infection by other Zika viruses, only one study to date has formally examined the ability of human Zika immune sera to neutralize different Zika viruses. That study was limited because it evaluated human immune sera no more than 13 weeks after Zika virus infection and tested a relatively small number …
No Double Trouble: How To Reopen The Economy., Larry Hirschhorn, Phd
No Double Trouble: How To Reopen The Economy., Larry Hirschhorn, Phd
School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers
This policy introduces a measure of choice, consonant with our culture. Those younger than 65 can make their own personal tradeoffs between heath and livelihood, while older people, knowing that the virus will be spreading more quickly through the population will be even more cautious, thus preventing their early deaths. We return decisions to people while ensuring that the sum total of decisions does not overwhelm our hospitals. One felicitous result of this policy is that the virus will spread more quickly through the healthier population. This means that when the elderly re-engage in social life they will encounter fewer …
Effect Of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents On Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Thrombocytopenia, Alaa E. Abdelhamid, Aly M. El-Kholy, Essam A. Abdelmohsen, Hasan A. Zagla, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez, Sabry A. Shoeib, Zeinab A. A. Kasemy
Effect Of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents On Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Thrombocytopenia, Alaa E. Abdelhamid, Aly M. El-Kholy, Essam A. Abdelmohsen, Hasan A. Zagla, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez, Sabry A. Shoeib, Zeinab A. A. Kasemy
Menoufia Medical Journal
Objectives To evaluate the effect of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated thrombocytopenia. Background The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in HCV infection ranged from 0.16 to 45.4%. The pathophysiology of HCV-associated thrombocytopenia is poorly understood and multifactorial. Cellular immunity has an important role. Antiplatelet antibodies are common. Production of thrombopoietin may be reduced. Infection of megakaryocytes with HCV may impair platelet production. Clearance of HCV with DAA is expected to restore innate functions of the hepatocytes and immune system reconstitution. Patients and methods This was a prospective study on 104 patients with HCV-associated thrombocytopenia receiving DAA (sofosbuvir and …
Competing Reproductive And Physiological Investments In An All‑Female Lizard, The Colorado Checkered Whiptail, Lise M. Aubry, Spencer B. Hudson, Bryan M. Kluever, Alison C. Webb, Susannah S. French
Competing Reproductive And Physiological Investments In An All‑Female Lizard, The Colorado Checkered Whiptail, Lise M. Aubry, Spencer B. Hudson, Bryan M. Kluever, Alison C. Webb, Susannah S. French
USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications
Organisms in the wild have to allocate limited resources towards competing functions such as reproduction, growth, and self-maintenance. These competing investments create significant changes in physiological activity, and we still know little about the relationship between physiological activity and reproductive investment in natura. We investigated trade-offs between physiological activity and reproductive investment in the parthenogenetic Colorado checkered whiptail, Aspidoscelis neotesselata, across three different sites at the US Army Fort Carson Military Installation near Colorado Springs, CO, through-out the reproductive season in 2018 and 2019. We measured clutch size and reproductive activity and quantified plasma corticosterone (CORT), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), …
Tetanus Immunity Among Adults In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Sue K. Gerber
Tetanus Immunity Among Adults In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Sue K. Gerber
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Although tetanus is not a contagious disease, it can be deadly for people who are exposed and do
not have protective immunity against tetanus, which can be acquired only through vaccination.
Most studies on adult tetanus protective immunity are from high-income countries; limited
studies occur in Africa, and none has been reported from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC). This study sought to determine protective immunity against tetanus among adults in
DRC in relation to their age, sex, place of residence, and for women, antenatal care. The primary
purpose of this observational cross-sectional study using a nested serosurvey within …