Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Synthesis And Functional Evaluation Of Peptide Modified Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles To Inhibit Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation., Paridhi Kalia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disorder that afflicts roughly 46% of the adults in the U.S. Currently, treatment of periodontal disease involves the removal of plaque from the gingival pocket (with possible antibiotic treatment) and if necessary, gingival surgery. To our knowledge, no therapeutic approach exists that promotes host-biofilm homeostasis by limiting pathogen recolonization of the oral cavity after prophylaxis or treatment. The interaction of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis with commensal streptococci is critical for initiation of periodontitis and represents a target for limiting P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity. Previous studies showed that a synthetic peptide …

Polymeric Nanocarriers For Treatment Of Melanoma And Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells To Improve Outcome Of Islet Transplantation, Vaibhav Mundra

Theses & Dissertations

Melanoma is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options for advanced metastatic stages. New targeted therapeutic options with discovery of BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown significant survival benefit. Despite the recent progress, inefficient tumor accumulation and dose limiting systemic toxicity remains pressing challenges for treating metastatic melanoma and there is a need for drug delivery approach to improve therapeutic index of chemotherapeutics. Nanoparticle based drug delivery represents promising approach to enhance efficacy and reduce the dose limiting systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles can be formulated either by physical encapsulation of drugs or by covalent conjugation of drugs to the polymeric backbone. …

Pharmacodynamics Of Folic Acid Receptor Targeted Antiretroviral Nanotherapy In Hiv-1-Infected Humanized Mice., Pavan Puligujja, Mariluz Araínga, Prasanta Dash, Diana L. Palandri, R. Lee Mosley, Santhi Gorantla, Larisa Y Poluektova, Joellyn Mcmillan, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) can sustain plasma drug levels and improve its biodistribution. Cell targeted-nanoART can achieve this and bring drug efficiently to viral reservoirs. However, whether such improvements affect antiretroviral responses remains unknown. To these ends, we tested folic acid (FA)-linked poloxamer407-coated ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (FA-nanoATV/r) nanoparticles for their ability to affect chronic HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. Following three, 100mg/kg FA-nanoATV/r intramuscular injections administered every other week to infected animals, viral RNA was at or below the detection limit, cell-associated HIV-1p24 reduced and CD4+ T cell counts protected. The dosing regimen improved treatment outcomes more than two fold …

Design, Development, Characterization And Testing Of Cd22 Targeted Long Circulating Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems For B Cell Malignancies, Nivesh Kumar Mittal

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Hematological malignances of the B cells affect almost 130,000 people in the United States every year of which approximately 44,000 lose their lives. Therapies for B cell malignancies such as doxorubicin, have limitations due to dose related adverse effects such as neutropenia and cardiomyopathy. AD 198 is a novel PKC-delta activating agent that has cytotoxic superiority over doxorubicin by being able to circumvent resistance mechanisms developed by the cancer cells towards doxorubicin and being cadioprotective from the damage caused to cardiomyocytes by doxorubicin. Targeted delivery of AD 198 is crucial to moderate the non-specific interactions of the chemotherapeutic agent with …

Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles For Biological Labeling And Delivery, Eladio A. Mendez

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cancer remains one of the world’s most devastating diseases, with more than 10 million new cases every year. However, traditional treatments have proven insufficient for successful medical management of cancer due to the chemotherapeutics’ difficulty in achieving therapeutic concentrations at the target site, non-specific cytotoxicity to normal tissues, and limited systemic circulation lifetime. Although, a concerted effort has been placed in developing and successfully employing nanoparticle(NP)-based drug delivery vehicles successfully mitigate the physiochemical and pharmacological limitations of chemotherapeutics, work towards controlling the subcellular fate of the carrier, and ultimately its payload, has been limited. Because efficient therapeutic action requires drug …

Tumor Cell Targeting By Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Is Dominated By Different Factors In Vitro Versus In Vivo, Christian Ndong, Jennifer A. Tate, Warren C. Kett, Jaya Batra, Eugene Demidenko, Lionel D. Lewis, P. Jack Hoopes, Tillmann U. Gerngross, Karl E. Griswold

Dartmouth Scholarship

Realizing the full potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) for cancer diagnosis and therapy requires selective tumor cell accumulation. Here, we report a systematic analysis of two key determinants for IONP homing to human breast cancers: (i) particle size and (ii) active vs passive targeting. In vitro, molecular targeting to the HER2 receptor was the dominant factor driving cancer cell association. In contrast, size was found to be the key determinant of tumor accumulation in vivo, where molecular targeting increased tumor tissue concentrations for 30 nm but not 100 nm IONP. Similar to the in vitro results, PEGylation …

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Aggregates Affect Stress Response And Function In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Steven Rogers, Kevin M. Rice, Nandini Manne, Tolou Shokuhfar, Kun He, Vellaisamy Selvaraj, Eric Blough

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Objective: The continual increase in production and disposal of nanomaterials raises concerns regarding the safety of nanoparticles on the environmental and human health. Recent studies suggest that cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles may possess both harmful and beneficial effects on biological processes. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate how exposure to different concentrations (0.17–17.21 µg/mL) of aggregated CeO2 nanoparticles affects indices of whole animal stress and survivability in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods: Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to different concentrations of CeO2 nanoparticles and evaluated.

Results: Our findings demonstrate that chronic exposure of CeO2 nanoparticle aggregates is …

Opposing Regulation Of Endolysosomal Pathways By Long-Acting Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Therapy And Hiv-1 In Human Macrophages., Mariluz Araínga, Dongwei Guo, Jayme Wiederin, Pawel Ciborowski, Joellyn Mcmillan, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

BACKGROUND: Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) is designed to improve patient regimen adherence, reduce systemic drug toxicities, and facilitate clearance of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. While nanoART establishes drug depots within recycling and late monocyte-macrophage endosomes, whether or not this provides a strategic advantage towards viral elimination has not been elucidated.

RESULTS: We applied quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics and cell profiling to nanoparticle atazanavir (nanoATV)-treated and HIV-1 infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Native ATV and uninfected cells served as controls. Both HIV-1 and nanoATV engaged endolysosomal trafficking for assembly and depot formation, respectively. Notably, the pathways were deregulated …

Opposing Regulation Of Endolysosomal Pathways By Long-Acting Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Therapy And Hiv-1 In Human Macrophages., Mariluz Araínga, Dongwei Guo, Jayme Wiederin, Pawel Ciborowski, Joellyn Mcmillan, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

BACKGROUND: Long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) is designed to improve patient regimen adherence, reduce systemic drug toxicities, and facilitate clearance of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection. While nanoART establishes drug depots within recycling and late monocyte-macrophage endosomes, whether or not this provides a strategic advantage towards viral elimination has not been elucidated.

RESULTS: We applied quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics and cell profiling to nanoparticle atazanavir (nanoATV)-treated and HIV-1 infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Native ATV and uninfected cells served as controls. Both HIV-1 and nanoATV engaged endolysosomal trafficking for assembly and depot formation, respectively. Notably, the pathways were deregulated …

Real-Time Mri-Guided Catheter Tracking Using Hyperpolarized Silicon Particles, Nicholas Whiting, Jingzhe Hu, Jay V. Shah, Maja C. Cassidy, Erik Cressman, Niki Zacharias Millward, David G. Menter, Charles M. Marcus, Pratip K. Bhattacharya

Nicholas Whiting

Creation Of An Annotated Library On Fda Approved Nanomedicines, Marley R. Hodson, Tanin Izadi, Nastassja Lewinski Ph.D, Bridget T. Mcinnes Ph.D

Undergraduate Research Posters

Nanomedicine is a type of nanotechnology used in the medical field to limit the dosage amount and target drug delivery to specific cells. Nanomedicines that are approved and used tend to be extremely successful; however despite over a decade of research, only a limited number of nanomedicines have advanced for clinical use. A possible reason for the numerous nanomedicine failures is lack of easily accessible information and research on previous nanomedicines. In this project, we have compiled nanomedicine labeling information from the Drugs@FDA website. We have extracted phrases/sentences from labels relating to keywords on nanomaterial properties and drug profile characteristics. …

Additional Results For "Joint Entropy Of Continuously Differentiable Ultrasonic Waveforms" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(1), 283-300 (2013)], M S. Hughes, J N. Marsh, S A. Wickline, John E. Mccarthy

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Previous results on the use of joint entropy for detection of targeted nanoparticles accumulating in the neovasculature of MDA435 tumors [Fig. 7 of M. S. Hughes et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 283–300 (2013)] are extended, with sensitivity improving by nearly another factor of 2. This result is obtained using a “quasi-optimal” reference waveform in the computation of the joint entropy imaging technique used to image the accumulating nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology, Zisi Hursarsky

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Nanoparticles are gaining immense popularity in the medical world, specifically in its use in drug delivery systems. The objective of this paper is to study, based on available published literature, how nanoparticles are utilized in drug delivery and more importantly to identify the potential toxic effects of nanoparticles. Based on textual research, it is clear that there are benefits to nanoparticle use, but new studies are showing that there are many potential hazards of nanoparticle-like particles. In order to fully determine the toxicity of the hundreds of types of nanoparticles, a clear method to categorize these particles is needed and …