Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Training Examiners For A National Epidemiological Survey Of Oral Mucosal Lesions, Rosnah Binti Zain, Razak I. A., Ikeda N., Axéll T., Downer M. C.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

Ensuring the validity and reliability of data collected in epidemiological surveys is an important consideration. The purpose of the present report is to describe a training and calibration programme for 16 examiners taking part in a national survey of oral mucosal lesions and to present an evaluation of the results. The programme included the distribution of a pictorial manual to participants and a series of lectures followed by three diagnostic sessions, two using slides and the last involving patients. At the final session, the trainees classified 88 per cent of 16 patients correctly in comparison with the definitive diagnoses of …

Large Plasmids Of Avian Escherichia Coli Isolates, Dawn M. Doetkott, Lisa K. Nolan, Catherine W. Giddings, David L. Berryhill

Lisa K. Nolan

The plasmid DNA of 30 Escherichia coli isolates from chickens was extracted and examined using techniques designed to isolate large plasmids. This plasmid DNA was examined for the presence of certain known virulence-related genes including cvaC, tra7 and some aerobactin-related sequences. Seventeen of the 30 isolates contained from one to four plasmids greater than 50 kb in size. Eleven of these 17 strains possessed plasmids greater than 100 kb in size. Therefore, E. coli isolates of chickens frequently contain large plasmids, and many of these plasmids are likely to contain virulence related sequences.

Sport For All Programs For Health Improvement In Greece, Yanni D. Afthinos

Yanni D Afthinos

No abstract provided.

Passage Of Cd18- And Cd18+ Bovine Neutrophils Into Pulmonary Alveoli During Acute Pasteurella Haemolytica Pneumonia, Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., K. A. Brogden

Mark R. Ackermann

CD18 is a subunit for three β2 integrin molecules (Mac-1, p150, 95, LFA-1), which are expressed on the plasma membrane of neutrophils. These molecules mediate passage of neutrophils into sites of infection. In children and animals that lack CD18 expression, neutrophil infiltration is impaired in most tissues. However, in lung, CD18-neutrophils have been identified in the airway spaces during spontaneous episodes of pneumonia. To determine whether CD18 is vital for passage through the pulmonary alveolar wall, lung lobes of cattle with neutrophils that were deficient in CD18 expression (CD18-) and cattle with normal CD18 expression (CD18+) were inoculated with Pasteurella …

Capsular Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Adhesion Of Pasteurella Multocida To Turkey Air Sac Macrophages, Ingrid M. Pruimboom, Richard B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, Kim A. Brogden

Mark R. Ackermann

Serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida, the major cause of fowl cholera, are resistant to phagocytosis in nonimmunized birds. Adherence studies with a capsulated strain of P multocida (serotype A:3) and turkey air sac macrophages in culture showed that the bacteria were capable of adhering in large numbers to the macrophages but were not internalized. A noncapsulated variant of the bacteria (serotype -:3) showed little or no adherence and was not internalized. These data indicated that the adhesive properties were caused by the presence of a capsule on the bacteria. The role of capsular hyaluronic acid in adherence to macrophages …

Comparison Of Polyclonal Antibodies To Three Different Preparations Of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Johne's Disease In Cattle, Judith R. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann, Jesse P. Goff

Mark R. Ackermann

Polyclonal antisera were raised in rabbits against preparations of live and heat-killed Mycobac-terium paratuberculosis and cell-wall proteins of M. paratuberculosis and were evaluated as diagnostic tools in immunohistochemical staining of bovine tissue. Live preparations of M. paratuberculosis (LMp) were inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously at 109/ml. Heat-killed M. paratuberculosis (HKMp) was prepared by treatment of bacteria at 85 C for 10 minutes. Cell-wall proteins were isolated from M. paratuberculosis and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to improve antigenicity (KLH-CWPMp). The HKMp and KLH-CWPMp preparations were emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant before subcutaneous inoculation of rabbits. Antibody titers in the terminal blood …

Analysis Of Plasmids Cloned From A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli And Transformed Into Escherichia Coli Dh5Α, Richard E. Wooley, Penelope S. Gibbs, Harry W. Dickerson, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan

Lisa K. Nolan

Three of four plasmids from a virulent wild-type avian Escherichia coli were cloned or transformed into an avirulent laboratory recipient E. coli DH5a and tested for the ability to confer a virulence phenotype. The three plasmids transformed into E. coli DH5a were 5, 6, and 56 kb. A fourth plasmid of 64 kb was not successfully transformed. Parameters used to measure virulence included presence of type 1 pili and a smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer, motility, production of Colicin V, resistance to host complement, and embryo lethality. The 5-kb plasmid encoded for ampicillin resistance, whereas the 6-kb plasmid encoded for tetracycline …

Unilateral Comminuted And Complicated Fracture Of The Mandible Due To Dog Attack, W.C. Ngeow, C. B. Lian

Wei Cheong Ngeow

Fractures of the mandible and their management are discussed in detail in textbooks and articles dealing with facial trauma. This paper presents the management and treatment of a case of a unilateral comminuted and complicated fracture of the mandible due to dog attack on a geriatric patient. The attack also severed the patient's right arm. Due to the severity of the trauma, an emergency surgery was performed on the mandible and arm.

Multicentric Malignant Lymphoma In A Pallid Bat, Claire B. Andreasen, Julie R. Dulmstra

Claire B. Andreasen

A 2.5-year-old, female pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) was captured in Oregon (USA) in 1990 and later died in 1992. At the time of death, abdominal distension due to ascites, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, and a cheek mass were noted. Based on histologic examination of these tissues, a diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma was made. Retroviral particles were not found on electron microscopic examination.

Standardized Rigid Contact Lens Fitting Protocol For Keratoconus, Larry Davis, Timothy B. Edrington, Joseph T. Barr, Karla Zadnik, Ralph E. Gundel, David P. Libassi, Timothy T. Mcmahon, Mae O. Gordon

Larry Davis

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enters Cells Through A Low Ph-Dependent Endocytic Pathway, Luiz C. Kreutz, Mark R. Ackermann

Mark R. Ackermann

The entry pathway of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) into MARC-145 cells was investigated using a variety of drugs that interfere with the pH of intracellular vesicles by different mechanisms. Virus entry was assessed by measuring viral RNA replication or production of infectious virus. Chloroquine, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 inhibited RNA replication or production of infectious virus in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs inhibited virus replication when added to the cells prior to, at infection or soon after infection. Moreover, the effect of chloroquine on PRRSV replication was reversible under acidic conditions of the media. Taken together, …

Premature Mortality From Chronic Diseases In Brazil. [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

This thesis evaluated the pattern of chronic diaseases mortality in Brazil during the 1980´s. We studied the age strata from 35-years-old to 64-years-old to analyze the chronic disease-related premature deaths. The questions are the following: 1. Are chronic disease-related premature deaths higher in Brazil than abroad? 2. Is premature mortality higher in males than in females? Which is the best indicator for premature mortality, age-adjusted rates or the impact of deaths elimination by Chiang’ method? Are there geographic or temporal differences in chronic diseases mortality rates among Brazilian metropolitan areas? 5. Which are the social and economics determinants of chronic …

Alimentary And Respiratory Tract Lesions In Eight Medically Fragile Holstein Cattle With Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (Blad), Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., J. A. Laufer, L. T. Nutsz

Mark R. Ackermann

Lesions in the alimentary tract were studied in eight medically fragile Holstein cattle homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) allele as determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. These cattle received institutional medical care but died or were euthanatized because of chronic debilitation associated with diarrhea (6/8) and pneumonia (4/8). The six cattle with diarrhea had acute (n = 3) or chronic (n = 3) intestinal ulcers, but the other two remained relatively healthy for 3 years and did not develop intestinal tract ulcers. Ulcerated areas were present in the small intestine in six animals, and …

Strategic Napping, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann

Scott Shappell

2. Assessing Children's Competence To Take The Oath: Research And Recommendations., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Deadly Targeting Of Women In Promoting Cigarettes, Richard W. Pollay

Richard W. Pollay

No abstract provided.

The Last Straw? Cigarette Advertising And Realized Market Shares Among Youths And Adults, 1979-1993,, Richard W. Pollay

Richard W. Pollay

No abstract provided.

Will Unininsured People Volunteer For Voluntary Health Insurance? Experience From Washington State, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

OBJECTIVES: In national and local discussions of health care reform, there is disagreement about whether a national health insurance plan should be mandatory or voluntary. This study describes characteristics of low- income people who were more likely or less likely to be covered by a voluntary plan. METHODS: Survey data were available from an evaluation of Washington State's Basic Health Plan, which offered subsidized health insurance to low-income residents. For those subjects who were eligible and uninsured at baseline, those who joined were compared with those who did not join on a variety of demographic and health-related characteristics. RESULTS: There …

Low Calcium Diet And 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Infusion Modulate Immune Responses During Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection In Geige Mice, Judith R. Stabel, Jesse P. Goff, Diana L. Whipple, Mark R. Ackermann, Timothy A. Reinhardt

Mark R. Ackermann

A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a low calcium (Ca) diet or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) infusion on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Male beige mice 6–8 weeks of age were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-infected, (2) infected, (3) non-infected/1,25(OH)2D3, (4) infected/1,25(OH)2D3, and (5) infected/low Ca (0.15%) diet. Infected mice were inoculated intravenously with live M. paratuberculosis. At 1, 6 and 12 months postinfection, mice in Treatments 3 and 4 were implanted subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 1,25(OH)2D3. Infusion with 1,25(OH)2D3 exacerbated M. paratuberculosis infection in …

Emergency Department Visits And Hospitalizations For Respiratory Disease On The Island Of Hawaii, 1981-1991: Annual Trends On The Island Of Hawaii And Weekly Variability In Hilo, David M. Mannino, Samuel M. Ruben, Fred C. Holschuh, Timothy C. Holschuh, Michael D. Wilson, Tami Holschuh

David M. Mannino

This study examined trends in and patterns of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for respiratory disease on the island of Hawaii from 1981 to 1991. We found that emergency department visit rates and hospitalization rates for both asthma and COPD for 1987 to 1991 increased in all regions of the island in comparison with such rates for 1981 to 1986. Rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, but not asthma, were significantly higher in the high-exposure Kona side of the island than in the intermittent-exposure Hilo side of the island during 1983 and …

Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James M. Wood

James M. Wood

This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.

Clinical Parameters For Australian Practice: Modes Of Care., Dennis M. Richards

Dennis M Richards

This document presents, describes, defines, classifies and rates, according to published evidence, procedures commonly used by Australian chiropractors in the care of their patients.

An Unusual Dilacerated Root Of A Second Maxillary Molar, W.C Ngeow

Wei Cheong Ngeow

An unusual case of a second maxillary molar with a dilacerated root visible clinically is described. Apicectomy followed by retrograde amalgam filling was performed whereby gingival coverage and gingival seal was achieved.

Prevalence Of Oral Precancerous And Cancerous Lesions In Elderly Malaysians, Ali T. B., Jalalluddin R. L., Abdul Razak I., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

A house to house survey on elderly subjects aged 60 years old and above was undertaken in a large district in Malaysia. A total of 486 subjects in randomly selected Enumeration Blocks were interviewed and examined. The prevalence of oral precancerous lesions was recorded at 3.3%, of which leukoplakia was the most common. When the ethnic distribution of these oral precancerous and cancerous (OPC) lesions was compared, 72% of those inflicted were Indians. Oral cancer was detected in two subjects (0.4%), both of whom were of Indian origin. Among subjects with OPC lesions, 4.2% were smokers, 12.7% were betelquid chewers, …

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (Pcna) And P53 In Epithelial Dysplasia And Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Oral Mucosa - A Marker For Poor Tumor Differentiation, Increasing Nuclear Atypia And Invasiveness?, Lan H. A., Rosnah Binti Zain, Saitoh M., Muramatsu Y., Shrestha P., Mori M.

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

The immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 was investigated in 9 cases of epithelial dysplasia and 38 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. The intensity of immunoreactivity for each marker was assessed using a semiquantitative grading system, and was correlated with tumor differentiation, nuclear atypia and the patterns of invasive margins in the underlying connective tissue. PCNA expression, in dysplastic epithelium, was observed in the suprabasal and lower spinous layers; and the labeling grade and intensity of staining increased along the degree of cellular atypia. In 2 cases of dysplasia, weak positive immunoreactivity …

Student's T-Test And The Glasgow Coma Scale, Joseph Lucke

Joseph Lucke

Study Objective: To explore how Student's t test, which assumes normal errors, is affected by the nonnormal distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores.

Methods: A sample of 145,295 GCS scores from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation was assumed to represent the true GCS distribution. Four Monte Carlo simulations, each based on 40,000 replications, were conducted to approximate the distribution of t values arising from samples drawn from the GCS distribution, using sample sizes of 10, 30, 60, and 100 per group.

Results: The histograms of t values derived from the GCS distribution resembled the corresponding Student t distributions for …

Serum Chemistry Of Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus), Jerry R. Heidel, L. Michael Philo, Thomas F. Albert, Claire B. Andreasen, Bernadette V. Stang

Claire B. Andreasen

Sera of 19 male and female bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) collected near Barrow, Alaska (USA) between 30 August and 13 October 1992 were evaluated for 18 serum chemistry values. Male bowhead whales had significantly greater creatinine and sodium concentrations, and significantly lower glucose concentrations than females. Pregnant females had greater triglyceride levels than non-pregnant females. The mean concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, and calcium were similar to those previously reported from bowhead whales. High aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were attributed to muscle damage associated with harpooning.

Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton

Claire B. Andreasen

Heterophil phagocytosis of fluorescein-labeled staphylococcal bacteria was analyzed by flow cytometry. Opsonization with two types of normal pooled sera and staphylococcal antisera significantly increased bacterial phagocytosis compared to samples without an opsonin. The staphylococcal antisera did not significantly increase bacterial phagocytosis compared to the normal pooled sera. Opsonization appears to increase bacterial phagocytosis but specific antisera may not increase phagocytosis beyond that caused by pooled normal sera.

Knowledge Of Risk Behaviors Of Persons Seeking Hiv Antibody Testing At A Community Site, R.L. Sowell, B. Seals, Kenneth D. Phillips

Kenneth D. Phillips

People seeking HIV antibody testing at a community-based AIDS service organization (N = 342) were asked to complete a self- report questionnaire to determine knowledge of HIV transmission, source(s) of HIV-related knowledge, and recent risk behaviors. The overall knowledge level of risk for transmitting HIV associated with 16 related behaviors was relatively high. Yet, 69% of the participants reported engaging in unsafe sex during the previous six months. Poorly informed subjects tended to overestimate their level of knowledge. In a multiple regression analysis, knowledge, age, and gender were the only significant predictors of engaging in unsafe sex in this cohort. …

Extrapunitive And Intropunitive Anger Of Hiv Caregivers: Nursing Implications, Kenneth D. Phillips, S.P. Thomas

Kenneth D. Phillips

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the anger of individuals who have provided direct patient care to loved ones who are living with or who have died from AIDS. The sample consisted of eight individuals who are currently involved in an AIDS service organization in northeast Tennessee. Data were collected using semistructured taped interviews. At the beginning of the study, two group interviews were conducted. Subsequently, each of the participants was interviewed privately. Extrapunitive and intropunitive anger were predominant themes in each of the interviews. Participants also reported ways of coping with their anger. Nurses can suggest …