Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Exercise On Mental Health: A Research Review, Kaylani Benson

Honors College Theses

This research review looks at the effects exercise and physical activity have on mental health. The results of this review are based upon the results of the formal studies that have been included. These studies are Benefits of Exercise on Physical and Mental Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Exercise Effects on Mental Health of Preschool Children, The Effect of Morning Exercise on Mental Health of Female Police Employees, Exercise and Mental Health of People Living with HIV: A Systemic Review, Exercise Improves Physical Function and Mental Health of Brain Cancer Survivors: Two Exploratory Case Studies, Effect of Yogic and Physical …

What 2017 Holds For Technology In Dentistry, Arshi Siddiqui

Honors College Theses

Dentistry in the United States is a field that grows and expands based on the needs of its consumers. This paper aims to highlight this very versatility through the analysis of specific demographics of dental practitioners, consumers, and the changes in technology that are predicted for the future of dentistry. With the rise of Generation X and the Millennial Generation, dentistry will undergo many changes alongside the rise of technology throughout the recent years. More evidently, the population is undergoing a very seismic shift in the way they view themselves. Because people are harboring more of an individualistic mindset, the …

The Analytical Methods Used To Detect Fluoride In Dental Pharmaceuticals, Amber Aboona

Honors College Theses

My thesis, “The Analytical Methods Used to Detect Fluoride in Dental Pharmaceuticals” discusses the various analytical chemistry methods which are incorporated in the field of dentistry in order to detect fluoride in pharmaceuticals such as toothpaste and mouthwash. The oral cavity is exposed to various forms of bacteria, many of which enter through the consumption of foods and drinks that contain sugar and starch. The side effects of fluoride have been a controversial component of oral healthcare, however, many benefits have been discussed. Water fluoridation has been one of many significant methods of incorporating fluoride into the oral cavity, enhancing …

National Trends In Admission And In-Hospital Mortality Of Patients With Heart Failure In The United States (2001–2014), Emmanuel Akintoye, Alexandros Briasoulis, Alexander Egbe, Shannon M. Dunlay, Sudhir Kushwaha, Diane Levine, Luis Afonso, Dariush Mozaffarian, Jarrett Weinberger

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background-—To investigate heart failure (HF) hospitalization trends in the United States and change in trends after publication of management guidelines.

Methods and Results-—Using data from the National Inpatient Sample and the US Census Bureau, annual national estimates in HF admissions and in-hospital mortality were estimated for years 2001 to 2014, during which an estimated 57.4 million HF-associated admissions occurred. Rates (95% confidence intervals) of admissions and in-hospital mortality among primary HF hospitalizations declined by an average annual rate of 3% (2.5%–3.5%) and 3.5% (2.9%–4.0%), respectively. Compared with 2001 to 2005, the average annual rate of decline in primary HF admissions …

Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Chika Takano, Mitsuko Seki, Dong Wook Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Kazumasa Fuwa, Koji Takahashi, Toshiaki Inazaki, Satoshi Hayakawa

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Over the past four decades, the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in children has decreased due to widespread vaccination against H. influenzae type b (Hib). The incidence of invasive diseases due to H. influenzae types not included in the vaccines, however, has increased. At present, there are a limited number of diagnostics available to detect non-type b H. influenzae. To address this issue, we developed a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for detecting serotypes of H. influenzae. We designed LAMP primer sets based on published sequences for H. influenzae capsular types a, c, d, e, and …

Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Arts And Culture, Fall 2017 Edition, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Writing Workshop, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society

Gold Humanism Honor Society

Brain Candy collects poetry, nonfiction essays, short fiction, photographs, and drawings to shed light on the creative process in medicine, the city of Detroit, and the experiences of health care providers. Features submissions from medical students, physicians, and School of Medicine staff.

Relationship Between Health Risk And School Attendance Among Adolescents, Erin E. Centeio, Jessica Duncan Cance, Jeanne M. Barcelon, Darla M. Castelli

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary health issues, as millions of children do not attend school, when required. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intent to be physically active, aerobic fitness, and school absences. Methods: Data from 1907 adolescents from the United States were collected during physical education. Participants completed a valid Theory of Planned Behavior survey and the FitnessGram, with the demographic data obtained from school records. Linear regressions controlling for gender, grade, free/reduced lunch, body mass index, and intent to be physically active were calculated. Results …

Infectious Disease And The Diversification Of The Human Genome, Jessica F. Brinkworth

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

The human immune system is under great pathogen-mediated selective pressure. A combination of divergent infectious disease pathogenesis across human populations, and the overrepresentation of “immune genes” in genomic regions with signatures of positive selection suggests that pathogens have significantly altered the human genome. However, important features of the human immune system can confound searches for and interpretations of signatures of pathogen-mediated evolution. Immune system redundancy, immune gene pleiotropy, host ability to acquire immunity and alter the immune repertoire of their offspring through “priming”, and host microbiome complicate evolutionary interpretations of host- pathogen interactions. The overall promiscuity and sensitivity of the …

Remote Video Monitoring Is Another Example Of “Dying On The Machine” For Critically Ill Patients, Noveera A. Mirza, Joshua A. Christian, Christopher M. Lajeunesse

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Hardin SR, Dienemann J, Rudisill P, Mills KK. Inpatient fall prevention: use of in-room webcams. J Patient Saf. 2013 Mar;9(1):29-35. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0b013e3182753e4f

Patient-Controlled Analgesia Improves Pain Control In A Vaso-Occlusive Crisis In Sickle Cell Patients, Rujul H. Parikh

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of van Beers EJ, van Tuijn CF, Nieuwkerk PT, Friederich PW, Vranken JH, Biemond BJ. Patient-controlled analgesia versus continuous infusion of morphine during vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease, a randomized controlled trial. Am J Hematol. 2007;82(11):955-60. doi: 10.1002/ajh.20944

Hydroxyurea Lowers The Frequency Of Sickle Cell Vaso-Occlusive Crises, Corey S. Macrander

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Charache S, Terrin ML, Moore RD, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. N Engl J Med 1995;(332):1317-1322 doi: 10.1056/nejm199505183322001

Clopidogrel Alone Is Safer Than Clopidogrel And Aspirin For Secondary Prevention Of Acute Ischemic Stroke., Bradford J. Woelke, Daniel Angell Do, Katherine Litow Md

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):331-337. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16721-4

Quality? Safety? Stop Being Naïve., Rana K. Zaban Do, Steven Istephan, Jonathan Serman Md

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The first day of our inpatient medicine rotation, the Emergency Department (ED) admitted a patient to a general medical floor without notifying our rounding team. We used the institution’s system improvement tracking software to draw attention to communication breakdown in the interest of patient safety. This piece illustrates how there is a prominent hierarchy in medicine; it is inherent to the framework of the way in which hospitals function. A discussion ensues with our attending physician supervisor on our patient medicine service. During this discussion, we ponder whether it is possible to impact quality and safety from our position as …

Treating Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Subcutaneous Insulin?, Marlene Aziza Azar

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

The author examines the evidence for treating diabetic ketoacidosis with subcutaneous insulin vs IV insulin.

Reframing Outcome Measures For Thrombolytics In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Brandon Baker, Charles W. Kropf, Nicholus Yee, James Peter Meza

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

An informed consent conversation examining relevant research and discussing the potential benefits and harms of thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke.

It Is Not Necessary To Use Both An Ivc Filter And Anticoagulation Therapy For Severe Pulmonary Embolism, Radhika Sharma

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Mismetti P, Laporte S, Pellerin O, et al. Effect of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone on risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1627–1635. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.3780

Compared To Maximal Current Management Standards, Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure Devices Have Not Been Shown To Improve Clinically Relevant Outcomes In Copd Patients With Acute Exacerbation, Daniel P. Noack, Gaybriel Newton

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Ambrosino N, Callegari G, Galloni C, Brega S, Pinna G. Clinical evaluation of oscillating positive expiratory pressure for enhancing expectoration in diseases other than cystic fibrosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 1995;50(4):269-275.

Anticoagulation Increases Survival In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Marvin L. Kajy

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Olsson KM, Delcroix M, Ghofrani HA, et al. Anticoagulation and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension (COMPERA). Circulation, 2014;129(1):57-65. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004526

From The Editor: Context Creates Meaning For Evidence, James Peter Meza

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

Introducing "Informed Consent" manuscripts and an expanded remit for the Journal.

The Have And Have Nots: An Ever-Present Digital Divide, Erin E. Centeio

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

This article brings attention to the digital divide that still exists between those who have access to the most recent technologies and those who do not. It describes how teachers can be more aware of this challenge before incorporating the use of technology into physical education and health classrooms.

Youth Program Adult Leader's Directive Assistance And Autonomy Support And Development Of Adolescents’ Agency Capacity, David Hansen, E. Whitney Moore, Nadia Jessop

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Developing a capacity for exercising agency is an important developmental task of adolescence. Many organized youth programs provide adolescents opportunities to build their capacity to exercise agency. The researchers tested hypotheses that adult youth program leader's directive assistance and autonomy support would promote adolescents’ capacity for agency. They surveyed 441 high school adolescents and 11 adult advisors from 10 Future Farmers of America chapters twice over 2 years. Adolescents self‐reported on their capacity for agency and advisors reported on each adolescent's capacity. Directive assistance and autonomy support correlated with the capacity for agency within both time points. Only autonomy support …

Low Molecular-Weight Heparin Is Better Than Warfarin For Prevention Of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism In Cancer Patients, Sarah Choi

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Lee AYY, Levin MN, Bake RI, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:146-153. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa025313

H3k4 Demethylase Kdm5b Regulates Global Dynamics Of Transcription Elongation And Alternative Splicing In Embryonic Stem Cells, Runsheng He, Benjamin L. Kidder

Oncology Faculty Publications

Epigenetic regulation of chromatin plays a critical role in controlling embryonic stem (ES) cell selfrenewal and pluripotency. However, the roles of histone demethylases and activating histone modifications such as trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) in transcriptional events such as RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation and alternative splicing are largely unknown. In this study, we show that KDM5B, which demethylates H3K4me3, plays an integral role in regulating RNAPII occupancy, transcriptional initiation and elongation, and alternative splicing events in ES cells. Depletion of KDM5B leads to altered RNAPII promoter occupancy, and decreased RNAPII initiation and elongation rates at active genes and …

Galactose And Its Metabolites Deteriorate Metaphase Ii Mouse Oocyte Quality And Subsequent Embryo Development By Disrupting The Spindle Structure, Mili Thakur, Faten Shaeib, Sana N. Khan, Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghader, Roohi Jeelani, Sarah R. Aldhaheri, Bernard Gonik, Husam M. Abu-Soud

C.S. Mott Center Research Publications

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequent long-term complication of classic galactosemia. The majority of women with this disorder develop POI, however rare spontaneous pregnancies have been reported. Here, we evaluate the effect of D-galactose and its metabolites, galactitol and galactose 1-phosphate, on oocyte quality as well as embryo development to elucidate the mechanism through which these compounds mediate oocyte deterioration. Metaphase II mouse oocytes (n=240), with and without cumulus cells (CCs), were exposed for 4hours to D-galactose (2μM), galactitol (11μM) and galactose 1-phosphate (0.1mM), (corresponding to plasma concentrations in patients on galactoserestricted diet) and compared to controls. The treated …

Using Yoga To Reduce Stress And Bullying Behaviors Among Urban Youth, Erin E. Centeio, Laurel Whalen, Erica Thomas, Noel Kulik, Nate Mccaughtry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Background/Purpose: Obesity and secondary conditions continue to disproportionally affect the health of children living in urban areas. Studies show that a lack of resources and physical activity-unfriendly communities discourage 60 minutes of daily activity, including strengthening exercises, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using Social Ecological theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the multi-level influences of a yoga-based intervention on urban, inner city youth. Method: Using a mixed-methods design, ninety-three 3 - 5^th grade students at five urban elementary schools participated in a ten-week yoga intervention. Analysis/Results: RM-ANOVA results …

Multi-Year School-Based Implementation And Student Outcomes Of An Evidence-Based Risk Reduction Intervention, Bo Wang, Bonita Stanton, Lynette Deveaux, Sonja Lunn, Glenda Rolle, Richard Adderley, Maxwell Poitier, Veronica Koci, Sharon Marshall, Perry Gomez

FMPHS Faculty Publications

Background

Intervention effects observed in efficacy trials are rarely replicated when the interventions are broadly disseminated, underscoring the need for more information about factors influencing real-life implementation and program impact. Using data from the ongoing national implementation of an evidence-based HIV prevention program [Focus on Youth in The Caribbean (FOYC)] in The Bahamas, this study examines factors influencing teachers’ patterns of implementation, the impact of teachers’ initial implementation of FOYC, and subsequent delivery of the booster sessions on students’ outcomes.

Methods

Data were collected from the 80 government elementary and 34 middle schools between 2011 and 2014, involving 208 grade …

Innate Immune Pathways Associated With Lung Radioprotection By Soy Isoflavones, Lisa M. Abernathy, Matthew D. Fountain, Michael C. Joiner, Gilda G. Hillman

Oncology Faculty Publications

Introduction: Radiation therapy for lung cancer causes pneumonitis and fibrosis. Soy isoflavones protect against radiation-induced lung injury, but the mediators of radio- protection remain unclear. We investigated the effect of radiation on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the lung and their modulation by soy isoflavones for a potential role in protection from radiation-induced lung injury.

Methods: BALB/c mice (5–6 weeks old) received a single 10 Gy dose of thoracic irra- diation and soy isoflavones were orally administrated daily before and after radiation at 1 mg/day. Arginase-1 (Arg-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 were detected in lung tissue by western …

The Ethics Of Offering Futile Treatment, Rebekah L. Eddy, Viktoria Krajnc, Lauren Smith

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

It important to acknowledge our own emotional biases and be cognizant of how we present evidence-based options to patients and their families, so that they may provide truly informed consent.

Stem Cell Therapy For End Stage Copd: A Cautionary Tale Of Direct-To-Consumer Advertising, Blake J. Arthurs, Scott Yaekle

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Weiss DJ, Casaburi R, Flannery R, LeRoux-Williams M, Tashkin DP. A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD. Chest. 2013;143(6):1590-1598. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2094

It Is Reasonable To Recommended Intrapleural Alteplase For Loculated Pleural Effusions, Tricia Fernandez

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Thommi G, Shehan J, Robison K, Christensen M, Backemeyer L, McLeay M. A double blind randomized cross over trial comparing rate of decortication and efficacy of intrapleural instillation of alteplase vs placebo in patients with empyemas and complicated parapneumonic effusions. Respir Med. 2012;17(2):716-723. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.02.005