Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Implementation Of A Cancer Education Program In Rural Counties With The Lowest Hpv Vaccination Rates And Health Rankings, Sarah Arezo, Shillpa Naavaal, Charlotte Garrett, Marcie S. Wright, Vanessa B. Sheppard, Michael A. Preston

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). To address STIs, one rural county public school district developed a series of Family Life Programs to educate pre-teens about pertinent health information. The Schooling Cancer Program (SCP) was developed in partnership with the local Cancer Research and Resource Center to raise awareness about cancer risk factors including HPV-related cancers and HPV prevention methods. Methods: We collected a post-evaluation survey from students who attended a SCP session at one of the targeted middle schools. The SCP educated students about topics focusing on healthy lifestyles. The survey asked students’ …

Bulletin Of The Virginia State Dental Association (Vol. 38, No. 3, 1961)

Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association

No abstract provided.

Bulletin Of The Virginia State Dental Association (Vol. 38, No. 1, 1961)

Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association

No abstract provided.

Bulletin Of The Virginia State Dental Association (Vol. 38, No. 2, 1961)

Bulletin of the Virginia State Dental Association

No abstract provided.

Strategies To Improve Patient Compliance Regarding Smoking Cessation, Genevieve R. Benzinger, Lydia Burton

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Exposure to cigarette smoke in the oral cavity alters the function of key periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis, promoting biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. The purpose of this review is to investigate how improved education on smoking can decrease negative oral health risks. Education amongst healthcare professionals and their patients is positively correlated to smoking cessation.

Smoking counseling has been shown to be more effective when given by multiple healthcare professionals outside of and in addition to primary care. Evidence shows that the chances of breaking smoking habits increase as smoking cessation counseling, cost-free medications, and follow up visits …

Cancer Therapy And Oral Mucositis, Breanna E. Walker, Heidi Berczes

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Cancer therapy can cause various adverse effects on the oral cavity. The development of oral mucositis is one of the most common oral condition associated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As dental professionals it is our duty to prevent and treat this condition in our patients. OM is very painful and has been known to decrease the quality of life in those with the condition. We have looked at studies evaluating the effectiveness of various agents in the prevention and treatment of OM. Our hope is to bring awareness to OM while educating providers on treatment options.

Perceptions About Human Papillomavirus Vaccine And Oropharyngeal Cancers, And The Role Of Dental Care Providers In Human Papillomavirus Prevention Among Us Adults, Shillpa Naavaal, Christina A. Demopoulos, Abigail Kelly, Eric Tranby, Julie Frantsve-Hawley

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Background: The authors examined adults' perceptions about the importance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in preventing oropharyngeal cancers and dental care providers' role in HPV prevention and identified associated factors.

Methods: Adults (≥ 18 years) completed a national survey of consumer and patient attitudes, experiences, and behaviors on oral health. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression models determined associations between perceptions regarding HPV and attitudes toward dental care providers' role and HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine recommendation, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results: One in 3 adults (32.8%; n = 5,320) said the HPV vaccine was very important, 1 in 2 said it …

How Stromal Interactions Play A Role In The Quest For Human Papillomavirus Specific Cancer Therapeutics, Alexis-Leigh A. Fakunmoju

Theses and Dissertations

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), like HPV16 and HPV18, are associated with malignant cancer growth within the oropharynx and cervix. Globally, HPV-induced cancers, including oropharyngeal and cervical cancers, contribute 5% to the overwhelming burden of all cancers. HPV is highly transmissible by sexual contact via micro abrasions to the mucosa. Once exposure occurs, the virus begins replication and creates an intimate relationship with the host’s cellular proteins. While most HPV is cleared quickly by our immune system, persistent infections, or infections in immune compromised individuals, are susceptible to transformation and tumor progression. Early detection measures like PAP smears and preventable measures …

Morphometric Analysis Of Premolars And Its Relevance To Root Canal Anatomy, James Degracie

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Premolars are especially challenging to treat endodontically due to their small size and often-intricate anatomy. While the majority of premolars present with one or two root canals, the presence of three root canals has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the root-to-crown width ratio (RCWR) and number of root canals in maxillary and mandibular premolars.

Methods: Data was retrieved from the electronic health records of patients treated at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry. A total of 100 premolars which had both periapical radiograph (PA) and cone beam computed tomography scans (CBCT) …

Impact Of Portal Of Exit On The Prevalence Of Apical Periodontitis In Root Canal Treated Maxillary Molars With Missed Second Mesiobuccal Canals: A Cbct Study, Jing Ye

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To evaluate the association of portal of exit (POE) of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal with the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in previously treated maxillary molars

Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 106 previously treated maxillary molars seen for either recall or retreatment in the past 3 years were included in the study. Scans were reviewed by one endodontic resident and one board-certified endodontist to determine the POE (separate versus common) of the missed MB2 canal and the presence or absence of a periapical hypo-dense area. Association between AP and portal of exit was assessed using …

The Use Of Silver Diamine Fluoride In Dentistry In Virginia, Jessica Eisenberg

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dentistry in Virginia and the factors that affect the practitioners’ decision. Methods: A survey was sent to the members of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) by email and posted on the VDA social media accounts. The survey questions measured the practitioner’s demographics, knowledge, and factors that affect their utilization of SDF. Results: Most providers were general dentists (77%). The most common clinical situations for SDF use were to arrest caries in children with behavioral issues (77%), to delay restorative treatment (73%), in medically …

A Six-Month Comparison Of Orthodontic Pain Associated With Fixed Edgewise Appliances And Clear Aligners, Victor Chan

Theses and Dissertations

Title: A Six-Month Comparison of Orthodontic Pain Associated with Clear Aligners and Fixed Edgewise Appliances

Objective: To document and compare pain perception, intensity, and analgesic use over a sixmonth period between patients treated with fixed appliances (FA) and clear aligners (CA).

Methods: A prospective, parallel, two-arm, multi-center, longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 87 adults treated with CA (n=59) or FA (n=28). Subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A seven-item, digital survey was sent at three timepoints (preappointment, 2-days post-appointment, and 7-days post-appointment) at each adjustment over a six-month period. The variables measured included pain experience, pain …

Probing The Porphyromonas Gingivalis Nitrosative Stress Response Network, Alexandra Galina

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To persist in the oral cavity, the perio-pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis must have an efficient nitrosative stress response mechanism. To better understand how P. gingivalis responds to nitrite (NO₂^-) we must determine what genes are involved in the nitrosative stress response network.

Methods: Through genomic screening, a list of genes was generated that were hypothesized to be part of the nitrosative stress response network and believed to be involved in nitrate/nitrite metabolism or redox state of the cells. Protein coding regions were replaced with the ermF sequence by allelic exchange mutagenesis. 15 mutants were created …

Correlation Between Intraoral Markers And The Risk Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Children, Linda K. Powers

Theses and Dissertations

Specific aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the association between various intraoral markers and the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children. Specifically, nine intraoral clinical characteristics were analyzed: ankyloglossia, palatal vault height, presence and level of dental wear, tonsillar grade, Friedman's classification, skeletal and dental classification, and posterior crossbite. The correlation between these features and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and Pediatric Symptoms Checklist (PSC) scores were assessed.

Methods: Orthodontic patients aged 8-17 were recruited at the VCU Graduate Clinic. Intraoral measurements were collected from patients (n=100) by treating doctors. At this time, the PSQ …

Treatment Access And Outcomes For Craniofacial Care: Patient And Parent Perspectives, Benjamin F. Lowe Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose was to evaluate whether craniofacial patients and their parents have adequate access to care, perceive this care as high quality, and believe that the incorporation of telehealth visits would benefit their current system of craniofacial care. Methods: An original survey was developed and sent to families in treatment with the Virginia Commonwealth University craniofacial team. The tool was used to gather demographic information and assess opinions toward access to, outcomes of, and telehealth services for craniofacial care. Patients 18 years and older took the survey for themselves, while patients under 18 years old had a parent/guardian take …

Effect Of Apical Preparation Size On Endodontic Treatment Outcomes, Joseph Vaughn

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Previous authors have attempted to identify the ideal apical preparation size needed to achieve endodontic treatment objectives. Despite vast literature on the topic, there exists a lack of consensus on ideal apical enlargement, with few studies discussing the effect of apical prep enlargement on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of final apical preparation size on endodontic outcomes in maxillary and mandibular molars treated in both a graduate endodontic clinic and a private practice.

Methods: A chart review was conducted for patients seen at the VCU graduate endodontic clinic as well as …

Provider Racial Concordance And Medical Mistrust In Pediatric Dentistry, Chinelo Eke

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Studies have drawn varying conclusions on the importance of a racially concordant patient provider relationship. Medical mistrust has continued to garner attention as healthcare enterprises thread equity, diversity and inclusion throughout their organizational policies, practices and systems.

Methods: Parents/caregivers of pediatric patients at VCU Pediatric Dentistry were invited to participate. Surveys included questions about demographics, racial concordance, language preference, and the validated Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale.

Results: A total of 246 guardians completed the survey. For guardians, 40% reported Black or African American, 31% Hispanic, and 19% Caucasian. Seventy-one percent of guardians reported speaking English, 18% Spanish, and 11% …

Utilization Of Intraoral Scanners For Fabrication Of Obturators For Patients Born With Cleft Lip/ Palate (Clp), Swara Fadnis

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of providers regarding incorporating a digital scanner for impression taking in children born with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Methods: A survey was sent out to members of the American Association of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). The survey included questions regarding the providers’ perception of incorporating digital intraoral scanners for impressions for fabrication of obturators. The survey also included questions about the providers’ reservations in using this technology in practice, what their experience has been with the incorporation of this technology into practice, and what is …

Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis Of Outcomes In Ridge Augmentation Using Titanium Mesh And Titanium Reinforced Ptfe Membranes, Lina Elnakka

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the average vertical and horizontal bone gain between titanium reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (Ti-PTFE) and titanium mesh (Ti-mesh) using superimposition of preoperative and postoperative (CBCT). The secondary goal is to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes between the two techniques.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent ridge augmentation therapy using either Ti-PTFE or Ti-mesh. Preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans were superimposed using InVivo 3D imaging software. Vertical component of the augmented site (L1) was assessed along a vertical …

Food Deserts And Pediatric Oral Health Status In An Under-Resourced Urban Community, Jessica T. Mcauliffe

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The aim of this analysis of survey data was to assess the influence of living within a food desert as a predictor of oral health problems among children of East Henrico County, Virginia.

Methods: Survey participants were recruited and questionnaires applied online. Residing in a food desert, using access to affordable produce as a proxy value, was the independent variable, while self- reported assessment of the child’s oral health status was the primary outcome variable. Analyses controlled for other indirect factors of pediatric oral health. Logistic regression was used to model the association between the self-reported access to healthy …

Motivations Of Adult Patients Seeking Orthodontic Retreatment, Scott V. Philips

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to compare the reasons adult patients seek orthodontic first-time treatment to the reasons adult patients seek orthodontic retreatment, and (2) to compare the concerns, motivations, and satisfaction levels of adult patients seeking orthodontic retreatment across the different previous treatment provider types of orthodontist, general dentist, and Direct-to-Consumer company.

Methods: At their initial orthodontic visit, adult patients (N=108) were invited to participate in the digital survey (REDCap) study. Subjects were recruited from the graduate orthodontics clinic at Virginia Commonwealth University and seven private orthodontic practices across the United States. Visual Analogue Scales were …

The Effects Of Celiac Disease On Oral Health In Children And Adults, Marissa Balducci, Katarina Jones

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed subjects. To ensure affected patients receive optimal dental care, it is necessary for dental professionals to recognize the oral manifestations of celiac disease in both children and adults. Upon associating oral conditions with celiac disease, the dental provider should be able to present recommendations to the patient, contributing to an improvement in their oral health.

Methods: This review of the literature used PubMed to identify relevant professional research articles with publication after 2017. MesH terms utilized in the search process were …

How Effective Are Eco-Friendly Dental Hygiene Products In Preventing Carious Lesions And Improvement In Overall Oral Health, Mary Claryns Truz, Destiney Coles

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objectives: The purpose of this review of literature is to measure the effectiveness, and future of eco-friendly¹ dental hygiene products in the dental field. As the manufacturing of products from food to technology increases over time, so does the sentiment for environmental practices. The numerous organizations that push for more sustainable initiatives in modern-day society continue to increase over time. The efforts for sustainable practices can be seen in the field of dentistry through dental hygiene products. These products range from compostable toothbrushes, waste-free toothpastes to organic floss advertised for use by the public. In reviewing the efficacy of …

Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste On Caries Prevention In Children, Samantha Richardson, Kelly Vaughan

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Are Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes The Answer To Fluoride Free Patients?

Richardson, Samantha 1 and Vaughan, Kelly 2

Dental Hygiene Program, Virginia Commonwealth University

Abstract:

Objectives/Aims: With the rising trend to become more clean with our ingredient lists, we are facing more patients refusing fluoride treatments and fluoridated toothpastes. This trend has been prevalent in our younger generations due to parents only wanting the purest natural ingredients for their children and now declining fluoride application. The goal of this literature is to find a safe alternative toothpaste that will be just as effective as fluoride.

Methods: This review of literature has been …

The Effects Of Clinical Depression On The Oral Health Of College Students, Delorias Perkins, Sarah Peng

Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship

Objectives: Mental health among college students has become a recent concern due to the rising cases of depression. In addition to the stress factors a typical college student often faces, we now have the COVID-19 pandemic that further exacerbates this issue. One’s state of mind has a significant impact on not only their mindset but their body overall. If the body’s health is impacted by depression, then it will influence the immune system and bodily function, ultimately affecting the oral cavity as well. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify the relationship between clinically diagnosed depression and …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 99, No. 3, 2022)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 99, No. 2, 2022)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Clear Aligner Therapy In The Mixed Dentition: Indications And Practitioner Perspectives, Nicholas M. Lynch

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: This study evaluated current trends and perspectives among orthodontists regarding clear aligner therapy in the mixed dentition (CAMD), including insights into perceived indications, compliance, oral hygiene, and other factors.

Methods: An original, 22-item survey was mailed to both a randomized, nationally representative sample of practicing orthodontic specialists (n = 800) and to a specific, randomized sub-sample of high-aligner-prescribing orthodontists (n = 200). Questions assessed respondents’ demographic information, experience with clear aligner therapy, and perceived advantages/disadvantages of CAMD compared to fixed appliance therapy (FA). Responses were compared using McNemar’s chi-squared and paired t-tests to assess CAMD versus FA. …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 99, No. 1, 2022)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Us Childhood Caries And Potential Mitigation, Christina Scherrer, Shillpa Naavaal, Susan O. Griffin, Mei Lin

Dental Public Health and Policy Publications

Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic and low-income US children have a higher prevalence of untreated caries than their higher-income and non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many dental offices and school sealant programs closed beginning March 2020. We examine the effect of reduced access to restorative care and sealants on the oral health of children from low-income households overall and by race/ethnicity and how increased sealant delivery in September 2022 could mitigate these effects. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to model COVID-19’s impact on first permanent molar (1M) caries incidence and loss in quality of …