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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Pdgf-Ralpha Gene Expression Predicts Proliferation, But Pdgf-A Suppresses Transdifferentiation Of Neonatal Mouse Lung Myofibroblasts, P. Kimani, A. Holmes, Ruth Grossmann, S. Mcgowan
Pdgf-Ralpha Gene Expression Predicts Proliferation, But Pdgf-A Suppresses Transdifferentiation Of Neonatal Mouse Lung Myofibroblasts, P. Kimani, A. Holmes, Ruth Grossmann, S. Mcgowan
Ruth E. Grossmann
BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) signals solely through PDGF-Ralpha, and is required for fibroblast proliferation and transdifferentiation (fibroblast to myofibroblast conversion) during alveolar development, because pdgfa-null mice lack both myofibroblasts and alveoli. However, these PDGF-A-mediated mechanisms remain incompletely defined. At postnatal days 4 and 12 (P4 and P12), using mouse lung fibroblasts, we examined (a) how PDGF-Ralpha correlates with ki67 (proliferation marker) or alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA, myofibroblast marker) expression, and (b) whether PDGF-A directly affects alphaSMA or modifies stimulation by transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Using flow cytometry we examined PDGF-Ralpha, alphaSMA and Ki67 in mice which …
Effectiveness Of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation For Treatment Of Hyperalgesia And Pain, J. Desantana, D. Walsh, C. Vance, Barbara Rakel, K. Sluka
Effectiveness Of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation For Treatment Of Hyperalgesia And Pain, J. Desantana, D. Walsh, C. Vance, Barbara Rakel, K. Sluka
Barbara A. Rakel
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacologic treatment for pain relief. TENS has been used to treat a variety of painful conditions. This review updates the basic and clinical science regarding the use of TENS that has been published in the past 3 years (ie, 2005-2008). Basic science studies using animal models of inflammation show changes in the peripheral nervous system, as well as in the spinal cord and descending inhibitory pathways, in response to TENS. Translational studies show mechanisms to prevent analgesic tolerance to repeated application of TENS. This review also highlights data from recent randomized, placebo-controlled trials …
The Influence Of Second Intermediate Host Dispersion Pattern Upon The Transmission Of Cercariae Of Echinoparyphium Recurvatum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), Ann Mccarthy
Ann Marie McCarthy
Transmission of cercariae of the echinostome digenean Echinoparyphium recurvatum was observed in experimental populations of the second intermediate host snail Lymnaea peregra. Populations of 100 snails were distributed among plastic mesh cages in an infection arena to produce different patterns of host dispersion. Cercarial transmission was investigated in host populations showing three separate patterns of host dispersion; Ideal Regular, Random and Contagious ('Clumped'). Levels of cercarial transmission in populations showing each type of dispersion pattern were found to be significantly different. The highest rate of cercarial transmission occurred in the contagiously dispersed host population, and the lowest in the randomly …
Speciation Of Echinostomes: Evidence For The Existence Of Two Sympatric Sibling Species In The Complex Echinoparyphium Recurvatum (Von Linstow 1873) (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), Ann Mccarthy
Ann Marie McCarthy
Evidence for the existence of 2 first intermediate host-specific sibling species of the 45 collar-spined echinostome Echinoparyphium recurvatum is presented. Experimental studies on their life-cycles were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. The two entities were found to be morphologically indistinguishable in all major respects, yet they exhibited distinct biological characteristics. One of the sibling species utilizes the freshwater lymnaeid pulmonate snail Lymnaea peregra as first intermediate host, and the adults occur in the anterior small intestine of the wildfowl experimental definitive host Anas platyrhynchos. The other utilizes the freshwater mesogastropod prosobranch snail Valvata piscinalis as first intermediate host, and …
Tale-Family Homeodomain Proteins Regulate Endodermal Sonic Hedgehog Expression And Pattern The Anterior Endoderm, Philip Diiorio, Kristen Alexa, Seong-Kyu Choe, Letitiah Etheridge, Charles Sagerstrom
Tale-Family Homeodomain Proteins Regulate Endodermal Sonic Hedgehog Expression And Pattern The Anterior Endoderm, Philip Diiorio, Kristen Alexa, Seong-Kyu Choe, Letitiah Etheridge, Charles Sagerstrom
Philip J diIorio Jr
sonic hedgehog (shh) is expressed in anterior endoderm, where it is required to repress pancreas gene expression and to pattern the endoderm, but the pathway controlling endodermal shh expression is unclear. We find that expression of meis3, a TALE class homeodomain gene, coincides with shh expression in the endoderm of zebrafish embryos. Using a dominant negative construct or anti-sense morpholino oligos (MOs) to disrupt meis3 function, we observe ectopic insulin expression in anterior endoderm. This phenotype is also observed when meis3 MOs are targeted to the endoderm, suggesting that meis3 acts within the endoderm to restrict insulin expression. We also …
Identification Of Cytoplasmic Residues Of Sec61p Involved In Ribosome Binding And Cotranslational Translocation, Zhiliang Cheng, Ying Jiang, Elisabet Mandon, Reid Gilmore
Identification Of Cytoplasmic Residues Of Sec61p Involved In Ribosome Binding And Cotranslational Translocation, Zhiliang Cheng, Ying Jiang, Elisabet Mandon, Reid Gilmore
Elisabet Mandon
The cytoplasmic surface of Sec61p is the binding site for the ribosome and has been proposed to interact with the signal recognition particle receptor during targeting of the ribosome nascent chain complex to the translocation channel. Point mutations in cytoplasmic loops six (L6) and eight (L8) of yeast Sec61p cause reductions in growth rates and defects in the translocation of nascent polypeptides that use the cotranslational translocation pathway. Sec61 heterotrimers isolated from the L8 sec61 mutants have a greatly reduced affinity for 80S ribosomes. Cytoplasmic accumulation of protein precursors demonstrates that the initial contact between the large ribosomal subunit and …
Purification Of The Golgi Adenosine 3'-Phosphate 5'-Phosphosulfate Transporter, A Homodimer Within The Membrane, Elisabet Mandon, Marcos Milla, Ellis Kempner, Carlos Hirschberg
Purification Of The Golgi Adenosine 3'-Phosphate 5'-Phosphosulfate Transporter, A Homodimer Within The Membrane, Elisabet Mandon, Marcos Milla, Ellis Kempner, Carlos Hirschberg
Elisabet Mandon
Sulfation of proteoglycans, secretory and membrane proteins, and glycolipids occurs in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the sulfate donor in these reactions, must be transported from the cytosol, its site of synthesis, into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. We have identified and purified to apparent homogeneity the rat liver Golgi membrane PAPS transporter by a combination of conventional and affinity chromatography as well as photoaffinity radiolabeling with adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate, a competitive inhibitor of PAPS transport. The transporter, a 75-kDa protein, was purified 70,000-fold over homogenate (6% yield) and transported PAPS into phosphatidylcholine liposomes selectively …