Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Eucalyptus Essential Oil: A Safety Assessment And Causality Evaluation Of Published Case Reports, Cecile Bascoul

Oxford ICSB

Eucalyptus essential oil (EO) and preparations containing eucalyptus EO have been used in traditional medicine for centuries for the treatment of respiratory illnesses such as cold, influenza and sinus congestion. Research, including clinical trials, has been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of eucalyptus alleviating symptoms of such conditions. However, eucalyptus EO and preparations with eucalyptus EO have also been associated with rare cases of CNS depression and seizures. The case reports reviewed showed evidence of CNS depression and/or seizure in patients from all ages (<1 to 74 year-old) with different doses of eucalyptus EO (0.18 mL to 1000 mL). Most of the adverse events were in children; some of them reacting to small doses (4 drops of EO or about 0.24 mL), ingested, inhaled or after topical application. Most children who developed seizures did not have a history of seizures before the event. The main constituent of eucalyptus EO is 1,8-cineole (about 65% to 84% 1,8 cineole for eucalyptus globulus EO, one of the most commonly used eucalyptus species in commercially available …

Effects Of A Novel Botanical Supplement On Glycemic Variability And Postprandial Glucose Response, Nicole Stevens

Oxford ICSB

Mulberry leaf extract high in the iminosugar 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been shown in previous studies to inhibit glycosidase enzyme activity. A novel supplement including mulberry leaf extract, berberine and cinnamon extract was evaluated in a two-cohort study using endpoints of glycemic variability, postprandial glucose response, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and safety markers. In the first cohort (n=15), these endpoints were determined over two weeks by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and blood/urine analyses in healthy adults. Approximately half of the participants (n=7) took a dosage of 250 mg prior to each meal, and the other participants (n=8) took 500 mg before …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Supply Chain And Quality Of Botanical Ingredients, Stefan Gafner

Oxford ICSB

Examples from the past show that a supply chain disruption, or a series of such disruptions, generates sudden spikes in consumer demand, and that abrupt, unplanned changes to the supply and demand in botanical materials lead to an increase in adulteration and fraud. When this happens due to simultaneous interruptions of numerous ingredients based on a global pandemic, as in the case of COVID-19, it is predictable that unscrupulous suppliers and sellers of botanical ingredients will attempt to take advantage of supply shortages by manufacturers of herbal medicines and dietary supplements to sell them lower-quality or sometimes adulterated materials.

Among …

Immulina Enhances Host Resilience Against Influenza Virus-Induced Illness In A Prodromal Mouse Model: Part B – Changes In Viral Load And Clinical Signs Of Infection, Kashif Shamim, Tahir Mir

Oxford ICSB

The University of Mississippi Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center is performing research on the potential use of Limnospira (formally Arthrospira) to enhance resilience against influenza viral infection. Limnospira is a cyanobacterium that has been used as a food for centuries and more recently as a popular health supplement. A commercial extract called Immulina has been developed that concentrates the level of immunomodulatory activity due to Braun-type lipoproteins – compounds that activate immune pathways through a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-dependent mechanism. Although oral ingestion of Immulina has been reported to exhibit a protective effect against subsequent H1N1 influenza A (IfA) …

Açaí Fruit Pulp And Supplement Extracts: Potential Induction Of Cyp Enzymes And P-Gp/Oatp-B Transporters, Kelli Mcdonald

Oxford ICSB

Euterpe oleracea Mart., commonly known as açaí, is among the top 40 botanicals currently used in the United States. Its presence in food products and botanical supplements is growing exponentially. To better ascertain potential açaí-drug interactions, we are analyzing the effects of açaí extracts on CYP induction and P-gp/OATP-B drug transporters. Certified organic açaí fruit powder from Mountain Rose (MR) Herbs (Eugene, OR, USA) and dietary supplement capsules containing aqueous extracts of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) fruit from Nature’s Way (Green Bay, WI, USA) and Natrol (Chatsworth, CA, USA) were obtained. The Mountain Rose powder is representative of what is …

Prediction Of Clinically Relevant Botanical-Drug Clearance Interactions For Boswellia Serrata Extract Using Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes., Amy Roe

Oxford ICSB

Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) is used in dietary supplements for its anti-inflammatory properties. There are reports in the scientific literature that BSE has the potential to inhibit CYP450 enzymes. We have shown that sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) are an excellent model for predicting clinically relevant botanical-drug interactions (BDI) since they integrate metabolism and transport. When using SCHH the BDI potential with BSE appears low; however, our previous work did not include an assessment of CYP450 induction potential. We present an intrinsic clearance approach using SCHH to evaluate an overall net effect (inhibition and induction) of BDI potential with BSE. SCHH …

Usp Monographs For Quality Control Of Different Ginsengs, Cuiying Ma

Oxford ICSB

Ginseng species are members of the genus Panax and are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides. American ginseng, Asian ginseng, Tienchi ginseng, and red (steamed) Asian ginseng roots and their extracts are very popular ingredients of dietary supplements. Quality control of ginseng dietary supplement products and differentiation of different ginseng articles are important for guaranty of quality and correct labeling. USP monographs for different ginsengs provide quality control procedures with suitable reference standards (RS) to help ensure correct and qualified ginseng ingredients are used.

USP ginseng monographs include both UHPLC and HPTLC identification tests of ginsenosides, which can efficiently identify …

More Than Just A Number: Utilizing Ccs And Conformational Space Analysis To Characterize Unknowns In Complex Extracts, Rachel A. Harris

Oxford ICSB

Natural products from plants, either as pure compounds or as prepared extracts, are widely recognized for their near unlimited potential due to their unmatched and rich chemical diversity. Challenging aspects in the use of natural products include the recognition that unknown compounds are not included in spectral databases, have no chemical standards, and discrimination of structurally similar isomers requires knowledge of isomer presence and potentially difficult and time-consuming chromatographic separations.[FS1] Ion mobility (IM) is a gas phase analytical technique that separates ions based on differences in their size, shape, and charge in the gas phase. Increasingly, IM is being utilized …

Fast Detection Of Adulteration In Lavender Essential Oil Using A-Teem Multidimensional Spectroscopy, Jeffrey Juien

Oxford ICSB

Absorbance-Transmission Excitation Emission Matrix, or “A-TEEM” is a multimodal spectroscopic approach that incorporates UV/Vis and 3D fluorescence for a 2-in-1 measurement. This attractive methodology promotes a rapid and cost-effective alternative for analyses in areas as diverse as water treatment, food & beverage, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. One of the key attributes responsible for its appeal is the very low limit of detection, often in the parts-per-billion to parts-per-trillion range, which is several orders of magnitude better than competing technologies such as NIR, FT-IR, and Raman. In addition to having high sensitivity and specificity, A-TEEM has proven to be a robust …

Operation Supplement Safety Ingredient Database: A Comprehensive Encyclopedic Collection Of Ingredients, Andrea T. Lindsey

Oxford ICSB

Operation Supplement Safety (OPSS) is the Department of Defense’s (DoD) go-to program for anything related to dietary supplements (DS). OPSS partners with other federal departments, professional and academic institutions to provide the most current, evidence-based information, resources, and tools for education and decision-making. In March 2022, DoD Instruction (DoDI) 6130.06, Use of Dietary Supplements in the DoD was issued. It states that OPSS will maintain the official DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List and provide DS educational training.

OPSS is developing a comprehensive ingredient database (OPSSID) that will list all ingredients (to include prohibited ones) found in DS, along with …

Chemometrics: A Valuable Tool For Deriving Information From Complex Data Sets, James Harnly

Oxford ICSB

Chemometrics is a subset of machine learning which has been defined a set of advanced mathematical and statistical methods for the analysis of data. This defines many methods such as chemometrics, artificial neuro networks, support vector machines, and rule building expert systems. Chemometrics allows us to draw information from multivariate raw data, i.e., to discover patterns, causes of the patterns, and, with appropriate algorithms, the variance associated with the patterns. The most commonly used forms of chemometrics are principal components analysis (PCA for modeling) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA for classification), unsupervised and supervised methods, respectively. In its simplest …

Rapid Simultaneous Quantitation Of Kavalactones And Flavokavains In Piper Methysticum Root By A-Teem Spectroscopy, James Kababick, Stacy Wise

Oxford ICSB

No abstract provided.

View From The Editor's Chair, Stephen Daniells

Oxford ICSB

With the pandemic fading in the minds of most Americans and a return to something we can all recognize as ‘normality’, there is a slight reset happening in US dietary supplements industry. Consumers who flocked to the industry in record numbers are still there, but spending habits have changed and hot categories like immune support are evolving. We're also seeing technology being leveraged in the search for the next hot ingredient, from artificial intelligence to synthetic biology, and this has implications for the botanicals trade. We also have an industry at odds with itself, with trade associations working against each …

Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus L. Modulates The Proliferation And Activity Of Osteoblasts, Matthew C. Scott

Oxford ICSB

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment significantly improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose via action on adipocytes. Unfortunately, the pro-adipogenic property of TZDs is also associated with bone degradation by inhibiting the action of bone forming cells, or osteoblasts. An ethanol extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., termed PMI 5011, improves blood glucose and insulin sensitivity via action on muscle cells, rather than fat, and may therefore spare bone while lowering blood glucose levels. Here we examine in vitro the effects of PMI 5011 on a pre-osteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1 cells, during osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesized that PMI 5011 will not inhibit osteogenesis, …

New Dietary Supplement Reference Material Resources From The Nih Ods Analytical Methods And Reference Materials Program, Adam J. Kuszak

Oxford ICSB

The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM) Program supports the development of tools that promote quantitative determinations of dietary supplement identity, composition, and purity, as well as assessments of authenticity and contamination of botanical raw materials and finished products. AMRM goals are accomplished through funding and collaboration in three program areas: formal validation of quantitative and qualitative methods, production of certified reference materials (CRMs), and support of dietary supplement focused laboratory quality assurance programs. This presentation will provide updates on recent AMRM activities and highlight newly available resources that should benefit natural product researchers …