Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin, 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion-Associated Transmission Investigation Team

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence …

Anti-Capsular Antibodies Activate Killing Of Escherichia Coli O8:K87 By The Alternate Complement Pathway In Porcine Serum, N. M. Clark, E. M. Berberov, M. Wang, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce K88 (F4) ⁺ fimbria are important causes of diarrhea and post-diarrheal septicemia in swine. ETEC O8:K87, a serotype represented by a number of these strains, is typically serum resistant. Strain-specific antibodies are known to activate alternative C pathway-mediated killing of other serum-resistant E. coli [Hill, A.W., Shears, A.L., Hibbitt, K.G., 1978. The requirement of specific antibody for the killing of E. coli by the alternate complement pathway in bovine serum. Immunology 34, 131–136], but their antigenic targets have not been determined. We tested the hypothesis that anti-K87 antibodies activate alternative pathway-mediated killing of …

Development Of A Gis-Based, Real-Time Internet Mapping Tool For Rabies Surveillance, Jesse D. Blanton, Arie Manangan, Jamie Manangan, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Dennis Slate, Charles E. Rupprecht

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Background: Oral rabies vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of wildlife rabies in the United States. However, current surveillance systems are inadequate for the efficient management and evaluation of these large scale vaccine baiting programs. With this in mind, a GIS-based rabies surveillance database and Internet mapping application was created. This surveillance system, RabID, provides a new resource for the rapid mapping and dissemination of data on animal rabies cases in relation to unaffected, enzootic, and baited areas where current interventions are underway.

Results: RabID is a centralized database for diagnostic and demographic information collected by local, …

Sub-Typing Of Prrsv Isolates By Means Of Measurement Of Cross-Neutralization Reactions, Fernando A. Osorio

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The degree of similitude or closeness between two different isolates or strains of PRRSV is very important for deciding which strains should be used for immunization, by either vaccinating with commercial vaccines or attempting to stabilize a herd with planned wt PRRSV infection. As previously known for certain important viral diseases, such as in Foot and Mouth Disease, the reciprocal (cross-) neutralization titers between two strains may be of utmost importance to establish the degree of similarity or difference between these. There is currently a void of methods that would allow distinguishing or grouping strains of PRRSV in a manner …

Disease Risks Associated With Increasing Feral Swine Numbers And Distribution In The United States, Thomas Hutton, Thomas J. Deliberto, Sheldon Owen, Bruce Morrison

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Feral hogs or “wild boars” come from several sources and include released or escaped domestic swine and the truly wild European boar. When free-roaming in North America, all are included in the term “feral swine,” as are hybrids of the two types. Although morphologically distinct, both the feral swine and European wild swine are recognized as Sus scrofa. The physical damage caused by feral swine has been well documented and includes damage to vehicles, vineyards, tree plantings, archaeological sites, agricultural crops, turf, soils, rare plant communities, and wildlife habitat (Seward et al. 2004). In addition they compete with livestock …

Visualization Of Intracellular Transport Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Nucleocapsids In Living Cells, Subash C. Das, Debasis Nayak, You Zhou, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein (P) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a subunit of the viral RNA polymerase. In previous studies, we demonstrated that insertion of 19 amino acids in the hinge region of the protein had no significant effect on P protein function. In the present study, we inserted full-length enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in frame into the hinge region of P and show that the fusion protein (PeGFP) is functional in viral genome transcription and replication, albeit with reduced activity. A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding PeGFP in place of the P protein (VSV-PeGFP), which possessed reduced growth kinetics …

Significance Of Heat-Stable And Heat-Labile Enterotoxins In Porcine Colibacillosis In An Additive Model For Pathogenicity Studies, Weiping Zhang, Emil M. Berberov, Jessica Freeling, D. He, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have been documented as important factors associated with diarrheal diseases, investigations assessing the contributions of individual enterotoxins to the pathogenesis of E. coli infection have been limited. To address the individual roles of enterotoxins in the diarrheal disease caused by K88-positive ETEC in young pigs, enterotoxin-positive and -negative isogenic E. coli strains were constructed by using pBR322 to clone and express LT and STb. Four strains, K88⁺ astA, K88⁺ astA/pBR322, K88⁺ astA STb⁺, and K88⁺ astA LT⁺, were constructed …

Development Of Luminescent Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis For Rapid Screening Of Vaccine Candidates In Mice, Valerie Rosseels, Virginie Roupie, Denise K. Zinniel, Raul G. Barletta, Kris Huygen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a slowly growing mycobacterial species, requiring 6 to 8 weeks of culture before colonies can be counted visually. Here, we describe the development of luminescent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis expressing luxAB genes of Vibrio harveyi and its use for vaccine testing in an experimental mouse model, replacing fastidious CFU counting by rapid luminometry.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Icp0 Localizes In The Stromal Layer Of Infected Rabbit Corneas And Resides Predominantly In The Cytoplasm And/Or Perinuclear Region Of Rabbit Keratocytes, Naoyuki Morishige, James V. Jester, Julie Naito, Nelson Osorio, Andrew Wahlert, Clinton J. Jones, Roger D. Everett, Steven L. Weschler, Guey Chuen Perng

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) results from the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in the cornea. The subsequent corneal inflammation and neovascularization may lead to scarring and visual loss. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying HSK remain unknown. The presence of stromal HSV-1 viral proteins or antigens in the HSK cornea remains a subject of debate. It was recently reported that HSV-1 ICP0 rapidly diffuses out of infected rabbit corneas. To investigate further the presence of HSV-1 ICP0 in the infected cornea, particularly in the corneal stroma, ex vivo confocal microscopy was used to scan rabbit corneas infected with …

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Immediate-Early Protein (Bicp0) Interacts With The Histone Acetyltransferase P300, Which Stimulates Productive Infection And Gc Promoter Activity, Yange Zhang, Yunquan Jiang, Vicki Geiser, Joe Zhou, Clinton J. Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The immediate-early protein, bICP0, of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) transactivates viral promoters and stimulates productive infection. bICP0 is expressed constitutively during productive infection, as its gene contains an immediate- early and an early promoter. Like other ICP0 homologues encoded by members of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, bICP0 contains a zinc RING finger located near its N terminus. Mutations that disrupt the bICP0 zinc RING finger impair its ability to activate transcription, stimulate productive infection, inhibit interferon-dependent transcription in certain cell types and regulate subnuclear localization. bICP0 also interacts with a cellular chromatin-remodeling enzyme, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and can relieve …

Effects Of Moraxella (Branhamella) Ovis Culture Filtrates On Bovine Erythrocytes, Peripheral Mononuclear Cells, And Corneal Epithelial Cells, Henry E. Cerny, Douglas G. Rogers, Jeffrey T. Gray, David R. Smith, Susanne Hinkley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a highly contagious ocular disease that affects cattle of all ages and that occurs worldwide. Piliated hemolytic Moraxella bovis is recognized as the etiologic agent of IBK. According to data from the Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, however, Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis has been isolated with increasing frequency from cattle affected with IBK. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine M. ovis field isolates for the presence of the putative virulence factors of M. bovis. Culture filtrates from selected M. ovis field isolates demonstrated hemolytic activity on bovine erythrocytes and cytotoxic activity on …

Transcriptome Signature Of Virulent And Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus-Infected Rodent Brain, Christina Paulus, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Lynn W. Enquist

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mammalian alphaherpesviruses normally establish latent infections in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system in their natural hosts. Occasionally, however, these viruses spread to the central nervous system (CNS), where they cause damaging, often fatal, infections. Attenuated alphaherpesvirus derivatives have been used extensively as neuronal circuit tracers in a variety of animal models. Their circuit-specific spread provides a unique paradigm to study the local and global CNS response to infection. Thus, we systematically analyzed the host gene expression profile after acute pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of the CNS using Affymetrix GeneChip technology. Rats were injected intraocularly with one of three selected …

Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts Of Emerging Viruses, Charles H. Calisher, James E. Childs, Hume E. Field, Tony Schountz, Kathryn V. Holmes

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

The remarkable mammals known as “bats” and “flying foxes” (order Chiroptera [“hand wing”]) may be the most abundant, diverse, and geographically dispersed vertebrates (Table 1). Although a great deal is known about them, detailed information is needed to explain the astonishing variations of their anatomy, their lifestyles, their roles in ecosystems ecology, and their importance as reservoir hosts of viruses of proven or potential significance for human and veterinary health.

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2006 Annual Report

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences -- Department Information and History

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel . 9-16

Faculty .. 9

VBMS Researchers, Postdoctoral and Senior Research Associates . 10

VBMS Adjunct and Courtesy Faculty .... 11

Emeriti Faculty .. 11

VBMS Faculty and Staff by Function and Unit .. 9-16

VBMS Honors, Awards and Recognitions, 2006 17-19

VBMS Committee Assignments, 2006/2007 . 20-22

Faculty Profiles . 23-45

Raul G. Barletta, BS, MS, PhD .. 23

Bruce W. Brodersen, BS, DVM, MS, PhD .... 24

Michael P. Carlson, BS, MS, PhD ... 25

Subash Das, BSV c, MVSc, PhD .... 26

Alan R. Doster, DVM, MS, PhD, ACVP . …

Comparison Of Two Automated Immunohistochemical Procedures For The Diagnosis Of Scrapie In Domestic Sheep And Chronic Wasting Disease In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), T. V. Baszler, M. Kiupel, E. S. Williams, B. V. Thomsen, T. Gidlewski, D. L. Montgomery, Katherine I. O'Rourke, S. M. Hall

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Two commercially available automated immunohistochemistry platforms, Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation Autostainer Universal Staining System, were compared for diagnosing sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease. Both automated platforms used the same antiprion protein monoclonal primary antibodies, but different platform-specific linker and amplification reagents and procedures. Duplicate sections of brainstem (at the level of the obex) and lymphoid tissue (retropharyngeal lymph node or tonsil) from the same tissue block were immunostained for the comparison. Examination of 1,020 tissues from 796 sheep revealed 100% concordance of results between the Ventana NexES and DakoCytomation platforms for diagnosing sheep scrapie from lymphoid tissue (103/103 …

Preliminary Observations Of Genetic Susceptibility Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) To Chronic Wasting Disease By Experimental Oral Inoculation, Amir N. Hamir, Thomas Gidlewski, Terry R. Spraker, Janice M. Miller, Lynn Creekmore, Michelle Crocheck, Thomas Cline, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

To compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the PRNP gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (CWD), eight 8-monthold elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132MM, 2 132LM, and 4 132LL) were orally dosed with CWD-infected brain material from elk. During postinoculation (PI) month 23, both 132MM elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and were euthanized. Two other elk (both 132LM) developed similar clinical signs of disease and were euthanized during PI month 40. All 4 …

Wildlife Tuberculosis In South African Conservation Areas: Implications And Challenges, A.L. Michel, R.G. Bengis, D.F. Keet, M. Hofmeyr, L.M. De Klerk, P.C. Cross, A.E. Jolles, D. Cooper, I.J. Whyte, P. Buss, J. Godfroid

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, was first diagnosed in African buffalo in South Africa’s Kruger National Park in 1990. Over the past 15 years the disease has spread northwards leaving only the most northern buffalo herds unaffected. Evidence suggests that 10 other small and large mammalian species, including large predators, are spillover hosts. Wildlife tuberculosis has also been diagnosed in several adjacent private game reserves and in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, the third largest game reserve in South Africa.

The tuberculosis epidemic has a number of implications, for which the full effect of some might only be seen in the long-term. …

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report And Conference Proceedings 2006, Bridget Kavanagh-Patrick

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals and humans throughout the world.

The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multi-agency team of experts from the Michigan Departments of Agriculture (MDA), Natural Resources (DNR) and Community Health (DCH); Michigan State University (MSU) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Wild Boar And Red Deer Display High Prevalences Of Tuberculosis-Like Lesions In Spain, Joaquín Vicente, Ursula Höfle, Joseba M. Garrido, Isabel G. Fernández-De-Mera, Ramón Juste, Marta Barral, Christian Gortazar

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

We describe the distribution of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain. Animals with TBL were confirmed in 84.21% of mixed populations (n = 57) of red deer and wild boar and in 75% of populations of wild boar alone (n = 8) in central and southern Spain (core area). The prevalence of TBL declined towards the periphery of this region. In the core area, the prevalence ranged up to 100% in local populations of wild boar (mean estate prevalence 42.51%) and up to 50% in red deer …

The Cattle Industry's Guidelines For The Care And Handling Of Cattle

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance Program

Cattlemen have long recognized the need to properly care for livestock. Sound animal husbandry practices, based on decades of practical experience and research, are known to impact the wellbeing of cattle, individual animal health and herd productivity. Cattle are produced in very diverse environments and geographic locations in the United States. There is not one specific set of production practices that can be recommended for all cattle producers. Personal experience, training and professional judgment can serve as a valuable resource for providing proper animal care.

The Role Of Indirect Transmission In The Epidemiology Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle And White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, Amanda Elizabeth Fine

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Understanding the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan is an essential component of nationwide efforts to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis (TB). Determining the role of indirect transmission in bovine TB dynamics is a key to the application of epidemiologically effective methods of disease control in both livestock and wildlife populations. The objective of this dissertation was to characterize the persistence of M. bovis in the environment and its potential role in the indirect transmission of disease among and between cattle (Bos taurus and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan.

Advances In Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnosis And Pathogenesis: What Policy Makers Need To Know, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The mainstay of tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle and deer has been the tuberculin skin test. Recent advances have allowed the incorporation of blood based assays to the diagnostic arsenal for both cattle and deer. Use of defined and specific antigens has allowed for improved specificity of cell mediated assays in both cattle and deer and advances in antibody tests for tuberculosis have potential for use in free-ranging and captive cervid populations. Combined use of blood-based assays with skin testing will require further understanding of the effect of skin testing on the accuracy of blood based assays. Models of experimental infection …

Survival Of Mycobacterium Bovis On Feedstuffs Commonly Used As Supplemental Feed For White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has become established in free-ranging white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in northeastern Michigan. The practice of supplemental feeding of white-tailed deer during the winter is believed to contribute to transmission of M. bovis between deer. The current study was conducted to determine the ability of M. bovis to survive on various feedstuffs commonly used as supplemental feed for deer in northeast Michigan (i.e., apples, corn, carrots, sugar beets, potatoes, and hay) and the effect of maintenance at 220 C, 8 C, and 23 C on survival. Mycobacterium bovis survived on all feedstuffs at …

Premature Induction Of An Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cell Response During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Jacob D. Estes, Qingsheng Li, Matthew R. Reynolds, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Louis J. Picker, David I. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Here we report the results of an investigation into the possibility that one mechanism responsible for the establishment of persistent human immunodeficiency virus infection is an early regulatory T (T_reg) cell response that blunts virus- specific responses. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus macaque model, we show that, indeed, viral replication and immune activation in lymphatic tissue drive a premature immunosuppressive response, with dramatic increases in the frequencies of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ Treg cells, transforming growth factor–β1⁺ cells, interleukin–10+ cells, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase+CD3⁺ cells.When we compared SIV infection with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) …

Avian Influenza: Trade Issues, Toby Moore, Nancy Morgan

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

In 2003, an outbreak of a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of avian influenza (AI) in Southeast Asia, notably in Vietnam but also in Thailand, focused extensive local and international media coverage on the disease and its potential human health consequences. The media coverage has followed subsequent AI outbreaks in the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, and Japan, and westward through Russia into Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Health officials remain on alert because the virus has crossed the species barrier, causing more than 100 human deaths over the last 2 years. Other deaths, most recently in …

Avian Influenza: Human Pandemic Concerns, Donna K. Carver, Elizabeth A. Krushinskie

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

The likelihood that the next human influenza pandemic virus will emerge from the Asian strain of the H5N1 high pathogenic bird influenza virus that is causing widespread outbreaks in Eurasia remains unknown. (See Glossary for italicized terms.) Because these bird influenza outbreaks remain primarily an animal disease, there is hope that a human pandemic can be prevented. Eradication of the H5N1 high pathogenic bird influenza virus needs to occur at the farm level in the countries where it is currently circulating. Funding of prevention, surveillance, and eradication efforts in the countries where outbreaks are occurring or in at-risk countries will …

Chronic Wasting Disease Of Elk And Deer And Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Comparative Analysis Of The Scrapie Prion Protein, Zhiliang Xie, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Zhiqian Dong, Allen L. Jenny, Julie A. Langenberg, Ermais D. Belay, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Robert B. Petersen, Wenquan Zou, Quingzhong Kong, Pierluigi Gambetti, Shu G. Chen

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. Although the transmission ofCWDto humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. If this were to occur, it is important to know whether the “acquired” human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (PrP^Sc) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. In this study, we have compared the pathological profiles and PrP^Sc characteristics in brains of CWD-affected elk and deer with those in subjects with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob …

PrpSc Accumulation In Fetal Cotyledons Of Scrapieresistant Lambs Is Influenced By Fetus Location In The Uterus, Janet Alverson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Timothy V. Baszler

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Placentae from scrapie-infected ewes have been shown to accumulate PrP^Sc when the genotype of the fetus is of a susceptible genotype (VRQ/VRQ, ARQ/VRQ or ARQ/ARQ). Cotyledons from fetuses of genotypes ARR/ARR, ARQ/ARR and ARQ/VRR have previously been shown to be resistant to PrP^Sc accumulation. By using ewes from a naturally infected scrapie flock, cotyledons from fetuses of multiple births of different genotypes were examined. PrP^Sc was detected in fetal cotyledons of genotype ARQ/ARQ, but not in cotyledons from their dizygotic twin of genotype ARQ/ARR. This confirms earlier reports of single fetuses of these genotypes, but is the …

Progress In Diagnosis, Treatment And Elimination Of Echinococcosis And Cysticercosis, Peter M. Schantz

Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease

Here I review the current status of geographical occurrence and public health significance of echinococcosis (Echinococcus spp. infections) and cysticercosis (Taenia solium infection) with special emphasis on the remarkable technologic progress achieved in recent decades that has led to greater understanding of the biology and epidemiology of these cestode infections. The greatest remaining challenges are to apply this knowledge and technology to improved medical management and prevention of these infections.