Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Voices, Stories And Experiences Of Black Women: Informing The Establishment Of A Trenton-Based Maternal And Infant Health Innovation And Research Center, Tirzah R. Spencer Phd, Mph, Barbara George Johnson Mph, J.D., Consuelo Bonillas

Center for Health Policy Development

The establishment of a Maternal and Infant Health Innovation and Research Center is one of nine recommendations outlined by the 2021 Nurture NJ Strategic Plan to reduce maternal and infant mortality and morbidity and ensure equity in care and in outcomes for mothers and infants of all ethnic groups. The purpose of this environmental scan is to provide input for the design of a Maternal and Infant Health Innovation and Research Center within Trenton.

Building on the Nurture NJ Initiative, this project is a deeper dive in its focus on Black and Latina women living in Trenton and surrounding areas. …

Medical Ethics Principles Underscore Advocating For Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, C Mary Healy, Lara S Savas, Ross Shegog, Rebecca Lunstroth, Sally W Vernon

Journal Articles

Studies have consistently shown that vaccination rates against human papillomavirus (HPV) lag far behind other adolescent vaccinations recommended at the same age, resulting in exposing adolescents to unnecessary future risk of infection, and genital and head and neck cancers. Studies also have demonstrated that a major barrier to vaccination is lack of a strong provider recommendation. Factors that providers offer for failing to give a strong recommendation range from perception that the child is not at risk or the need to explain that the vaccine is not mandated (lack of equity and justice) or respect for parental autonomy. We look …

Registry-Based Cohort Study Of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Prevalence, Incidence And Mortality In Denmark 2000-2018, John Acquavella, Emese Vágó, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Gregory P. Hess

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (dAATD) in Denmark as of 31 December 2018, and dAATD incidence and mortality from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used the Danish National Patient Registry to identify patients with dAATD based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code E88.0A and the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) for population counts and vital status. We estimated dAATD prevalence, incidence and mortality. We compared mortality among patients with dAATD and an age-matched and sex-matched cohort extracted from the Danish CRS. We conducted a …

Avpcancerfree: Impact Of A Digital Behavior Change Intervention On Parental Hpv Vaccine –Related Perceptions And Behaviors, Ross Shegog, Lara S Savas, C Mary Healy, Erica L Frost, Sharon P Coan, Efrat K Gabay, Sharice M Preston, Stanley W Spinner, Mathew Wilbur, Elisabeth Becker, Travis Teague, Sally W Vernon

Journal Articles

Parent hesitancy contributes to reduced HPV vaccination rates. The HPVcancerfree app (HPVCF) was designed to assist parents in making evidence-based decisions regarding HPV vaccination. This study examined if parents of vaccine-eligible youth (11-12 yrs.) who use HPVCF in addition to usual care demonstrate significantly more positive intentions and attitudes toward HPV vaccination and greater HPV vaccination rates compared to those not using HPVCF. Clinics (n = 51) within a large urban pediatric network were randomly assigned to treatment (HPVCF + usual care) or comparison (usual care only) conditions in a RCT conducted between September 2017 and February 2019. Parents completed …

A Rapid Systemic Review Of The Significance Of Parental Awareness Of Children’S Oral Health On The Prevalence Of Dental Caries In Saudi Arabia, Nasser Albishi

Master of Public Health Capstone Presentations

Dental caries in children has been identified as a public health challenge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Among those factors associated with their presence is the role that parents play in their children’s oral hygiene practices and how much it affects their development. The knowledge and awareness levels of the parents when it comes to maintaining proper oral hygiene in their children are still limited in the KSA, and a well-rounded characterization of these levels is needed for the problem to be addressed. Hence, a rapid systematic review was conducted to synthesize the evidence from published articles and …

Home E-Cigarette Rules And Youth's Vulnerability To Initiate And Sustain E-Cigarette Use, Anne Buu, Joon Kyung Nam, Meng Yang, Wei-Chung Su, Hsien-Chang Lin

Journal Articles

Existing studies of the impact of home rules on youth's vulnerability to e-cigarette use were based on cross-sectional data, youth or parent reports alone, as well as youth's perceptions and susceptibility. This study capitalizes on the restricted-use data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to examine the longitudinal association between home rules for e-cigarette use and youth's vulnerability including initiation of use and regular use two years later. Secondary analysis was conducted on 1203 parent-youth pairs who participated in both Wave 4 (2016-2018) and Wave 5 (2018-2019) assessment of the PATH Study and while the youth …

Tdap-Hpv Vaccination Bundling In The Usa: Trends, Predictors, And Implications For Vaccine Series Completion, Yenan Zhu, Chi-Fang Wu, Anna R Giuliano, Maria E Fernandez, Ana P Ortiz, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban, Ruosha Li, Ashish A Deshmukh, Kalyani Sonawane

Journal Articles

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) promotes taking a 'bundling approach' (i.e., administering Tetanus, diphtheria toxoids, and acellular pertussis [Tdap] and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccines in the same way and on the same day) for adolescent vaccinations. Recent trends and patterns in Tdap-HPV vaccination bundling in the USA remain undocumented. In addition, the implications of bundling Tdap-HPV vaccination for HPV vaccine series completion remain unknown. to address these critical knowledge gaps, we performed a retrospective study using a nationwide sample of privately insured adolescents (Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database). Tdap-HPV vaccination bundling (per 100 Tdap vaccination encounters) …

Home E-Cigarette Rules And Youth's Vulnerability To Initiate And Sustain E-Cigarette Use, Anne Buu, Joon Kyung Nam, Meng Yang, Wei-Chung Su, Hsien-Chang Lin

Journal Articles

Existing studies of the impact of home rules on youth's vulnerability to e-cigarette use were based on cross-sectional data, youth or parent reports alone, as well as youth's perceptions and susceptibility. This study capitalizes on the restricted-use data of the Population Assessment of tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to examine the longitudinal association between home rules for e-cigarette use and youth's vulnerability including initiation of use and regular use two years later. Secondary analysis was conducted on 1203 parent-youth pairs who participated in both Wave 4 (2016-2018) and Wave 5 (2018-2019) assessment of the PATH Study and while the youth …

Parent And Child Anxiety Evaluated During An Early Period Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study, Karla M. Abela, Darlene Acorda, Stanley Cron, Geri Lobiondo-Wood

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore parent and child anxiety during the pandemic. Unlike previous pandemics, measures implemented to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been much more limiting.

Methods: An explanatory convergent mixed-methods design was used to describe anxiety of children 9–17 years of age and their parents during August–October 2020. Adult and child versions of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to examine levels as measured on STAI’s state-anxiety subscale. Web-based interviews with a subset of patients were conducted qualitatively to analyze anxiety-related themes.

Results: A total of 188 parents …

Prevalence Of Polypharmacy And Associated Adverse Outcomes And Risk Factors Among Children With Asthma In The Usa: A Cross-Sectional Study, Luyu Xie, Andrew Gelfand, Caitlin C Murphy, M Sunil Mathew, Folefac Atem, George L Delclos, Sarah Messiah

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of polypharmacy, identify risk factors and examine related adverse outcomes in the US children with asthma.

DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based, cross-sectional study included 1776 children with asthma from the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

EXPOSURES: Polypharmacy is defined as taking ≥2 medications concurrently for ≥1 day over the past 30 days.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: (1) Weighted prevalence estimates of polypharmacy in children with asthma; (2) asthma attacks and emergency department (ED) visits.

RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of polypharmacy in the US children with asthma was 33.49% (95% CI 31.81% to …

Respiratory Virus Surveillance Among Children With Acute Respiratory Illnesses - New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016-2021, Ariana Perez, Joana Y Lively, Aaron Curns, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Natasha B Halasa, Mary Allen Staat, Peter G Szilagyi, Laura S Stewart, Monica M Mcneal, Benjamin Clopper, Yingtao Zhou, Brett L Whitaker, Elizabeth Lemasters, Elizabeth Harker, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Gayle E Langley, Susan I Gerber, Angela Campbell, Aron J Hall, Brian Rha, Meredith Mcmorrow

Journal Articles

The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) is a prospective, active, population-based surveillance platform that enrolls children with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at seven pediatric medical centers. ARIs are caused by respiratory viruses including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which result in morbidity among infants and young children (1-6). NVSN estimates the incidence of pathogen-specific pediatric ARIs and collects clinical data (e.g., underlying medical conditions and vaccination status) to assess risk factors for severe disease and calculate influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. Current NVSN …

Effectiveness And Feasibility Of The Workout On Wheels Internet Intervention (Wowii) For Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Katherine Froehlich-Grobe, Jaehoon Lee, Christa Ochoa, Amber Lopez, Erina Sarker, Simon Driver, Ross Shegog, Suh-Jen Lin

Journal Articles

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized-controlled trial (RCT) with immediate intervention (IMM) and wait-list control (WLC) groups; WLC participants received the intervention during delivery to subsequent cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of a virtually-delivered exercise intervention.

SETTING: Home and community.

METHODS: A total of 168 middle-aged (49.6 [12.3] years old) men (57%) and women (43%) who lived an average 15.5 (12.3) years with spinal cord injury (SCI) participated. The 16-week program provides users (a) website access with exercise information, resources, and 16 skill-building modules; (b) virtual 60-minute, group-based weekly meetings; and (c) a starter package of exercise equipment. Primary outcomes included …

Cost-Effectiveness Frameworks For Comparing Genome And Exome Sequencing Versus Conventional Diagnostic Pathways: A Scoping Review And Recommended Methods, Bart S Ferket, Zach Baldwin, Priyanka Murali, Akila Pai, Kathleen F Mittendorf, Heidi V Russell, Flavia Chen, Frances L Lynch, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Lucia A Hindorff, Renate Savich, Anne Slavotinek, Hadley Stevens Smith, Bruce D Gelb, David L Veenstra

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: Methodological challenges have limited economic evaluations of genome sequencing (GS) and exome sequencing (ES). Our objective was to develop conceptual frameworks for model-based cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of diagnostic GS/ES.

METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of economic analyses to develop and iterate with experts a set of conceptual CEA frameworks for GS/ES for prenatal testing, early diagnosis in pediatrics, diagnosis of delayed-onset disorders in pediatrics, genetic testing in cancer, screening of newborns, and general population screening.

RESULTS: Reflecting on 57 studies meeting inclusion criteria, we recommend the following considerations for each clinical scenario. For prenatal testing, performing comparative analyses …

Association Of Puberty Stage And Weight Status With Cardiometabolic Risk In Children And Adolescents Living On The Texas-Mexico Border, Ee Vien Low, Miryoung Lee, Cici Bauer, Susan P Fisher-Hoch, Joseph B Mccormick, Susan Abughosh, Ekere J Essien, Jessica Rodriguez, Hua Chen

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Review Of The Effectiveness, Feasibility, And Acceptability Of Art Therapy For Children And Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Minh Ngoc Le Vu, Anh Linh Do, Laurent Boyer, Quy Chi Tran, Stefan Kohler, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Andreea Molnar, Tung Son Vu, Nhan Trong Huynh Vo, Linh Mai Vu Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Vu Anh Trong Dam, Thomy Duong, Dan Linh Nguyen Do, Ngoc Minh Do, Roger S Mclntyre, Carl Latkin, Roger Chun Man Ho, Cyrus Su Hui Ho

Journal Articles

Art therapy has been widely offered to reduce symptoms of psychological disturbance. Pooled evidence about its effectiveness in epidemic contexts, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not been yet established. This study reviewed the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of art therapy on children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and past epidemics. We searched PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), and CINAHL for articles on art therapy during COVID-19. Included studies reported improvements in measures of mental health, sleep quality, and psychological well-being in children with or without disabilities in the epidemic context. Results also showed that art therapy was highly …

Comparative Risks Of Initial Aortic Events Associated With Genetic Thoracic Aortic Disease, Ellen S Regalado, Shaine A Morris, Alan C Braverman, Ellen M Hostetler, Julie De Backer, Ruosha Li, Reed E Pyeritz, Anji T Yetman, Elena Cervi, Sherene Shalhub, Richmond Jeremy, Scott Lemaire, Maral Ouzounian, Arturo Evangelista, Catherine Boileau, Guillaume Jondeau, Dianna M Milewicz

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Pathogenic variants in 11 genes predispose individuals to heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD), but limited data are available to stratify the risk for aortic events associated with these genes.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the risk of first aortic event, specifically thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery or an aortic dissection, among 7 HTAD genes and variant types within each gene.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of probands and relatives with rare variants in 7 genes for HTAD (n = 1,028) was assessed for the risk of first aortic events based on the gene altered, pathogenic variant type, sex, proband status, …

Prevalence And Clustering Of Congenital Heart Defects Among Boys With Hypospadias, Melissa A Richard, Jenil Patel, Renata H Benjamin, Emine Bircan, Stephen J Canon, Lisa K Marengo, Mark A Canfield, A J Agopian, Philip J Lupo, Wendy N Nembhard

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Hypospadias is a common birth defect of the male urinary tract that may be isolated or may co-occur with other structural malformations, including congenital heart defects (CHDs). The risk for co-occurring CHDs among boys with hypospadias remains unknown, which limits screening and genetic testing strategies.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the risk of major CHDs among boys born with hypospadias.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used data from population-based birth defect surveillance programs on all male infants born in 11 US states from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2014. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2, 2020, …

Understanding Implementation Strategies To Support Classroom-Based Physical Activity Approaches In Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study, Timothy J Walker, Jacob Szeszulski, Michael C Robertson, Paula M Cuccaro, Maria E Fernandez

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Classroom-based physical activity approaches can improve children's physical activity levels during school. However, the implementation of these approaches remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine implementation strategies to support the delivery of classroom-based physical activity approaches from the perspectives of elementary school staff.

METHODS: We conducted individual interviews with elementary school staff from a mid-sized school district in Texas. Interviews lasted approximately 60 min and were audio recorded and transcribed for analyses. We used directed content analysis and an iterative categorization approach to identify emerging themes related to implementation strategies.

RESULTS: We interviewed 15 participants …

Detoxification Role Of Metabolic Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst) Genes In Blood Lead Concentrations Of Jamaican Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Mohammad H Rahbar, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Sori Kim, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jan Bressler, Manouchehr Hessabi, Megan L Grove, Sydonnie Shakspeare-Pellington, Katherine A Loveland

Journal Articles

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in the detoxification of exogenous chemicals including lead (Pb). Using data from 344 pairs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases and age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (2−8 years old) from Jamaica, we investigated the interaction between three GST genes and ASD status as determinants of blood Pb concentrations (BPbCs). We found that ASD cases had lower geometric mean BPbCs than TD children (1.74 vs. 2.27 µg/dL, p < 0.01). Using a co-dominant genetic model, ASD cases with the Ile/Val genotype for the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism had lower GM BPbCs than TD controls, after adjusting for a known interaction between GSTP1 and GSTT1, child’s parish, socioeconomic status, consumption of lettuce, fried plantains, and canned fish (Ile/Val: 1.78 vs. 2.13 µg/dL, p = 0.03). Similarly, among carriers of the I/I or I/D (I*) genotype for GSTT1 and GSTM1, ASD cases had lower adjusted GM BPbCs than TD controls (GSTT1 I*: 1.61 vs. 1.91 µg/dL, p = 0.01; GSTM1 I*: 1.71 vs. 2.04 µg/dL, p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in GST genes may influence detoxification of Pb by the enzymes they encode in Jamaican children with and without ASD.

Food Insecurity And Health-Related Concerns Among Elementary Schoolteachers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Fangyu Li, Nivedhitha Parthasarathy, Feng Zhang, Ru-Jye Chuang, Mallika Mathur, Mike Pomeroy, Jacqueline Noyola, Christine M Markham, Shreela V Sharma

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: US school systems underwent major upheaval, including closures, implementation of virtual and/or hybrid learning, and stringent infection mitigation protocols, during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to examine the association between food insecurity and perceived health, perceived stress, and social determinants of health concerns among elementary schoolteachers serving predominantly low-income children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Brighter Bites, a nonprofit organization that weekly distributes fresh fruits and vegetables and nutrition education materials to more than 300 schools serving racial and ethnic minority populations with low income, conducts annual surveys of participating teachers to help determine subsequent …

Sex, Race, And Primary Language On Opioid Prescribing In Pediatrics, Lubna Begum, Brian Begley, Catherine Cerniglia, Mones Aboeletta, Grace Gilbert, Justin Matthew, Stephen Meixner, Corinna Franklin, Rey Ramirez

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Over-prescription of pain medication has led to an opioid epidemic in the United States. Many factors can contribute to the amount of pain medication prescribed to patients. The amount of pain medication prescribed to patients is affected by many factors and previous research has shown:

• Men are prescribed more than women
• Whites more than non-whites
• English-speaking more than non-English-speaking

The goal of the study was to look at whether this held true in a pediatric orthopedic population. We also looked at the trends in opiate prescribing over time.

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Obesity In School-Aged Children, Amaani Faizal, Maryanna Schweininger, Suzanna Hosein

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The prevalence of childhood obesity in those aged 2-19 in the United States was 19.3% in 2017-2018. Childhood obesity is a major health concern with growing rates of incidence. Being overweight or obese put children at risk for developing several chronic conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and asthma at a younger age. Studies have shown that higher BMI numbers in childhood added an increased risk of being obese as an adult.

The pathophysiology of developing obesity includes several complex factors ranging from nutrition, physical activity, genetic background and lifestyle preferences. Among children, nutrition and …

Vikela Ekhaya: A Novel, Community-Based, Tuberculosis Contact Management Program In A High Burden Setting, Alexander W Kay, Micaela Sandoval, Godwin Mtetwa, Musa Mkhabela, Banele Ndlovu, Tara Devezin, Welile Sikhondze, Debrah Vambe, Joyce Sibanda, Gloria S Dube, Robert H Stevens, Bhekumusa Lukhele, Anna M Mandalakas

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in child contacts of TB cases and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a public health priority, but global access to TB preventive therapy (TPT) remains low. In 2019, we implemented Vikela Ekhaya, a novel community-based TB contact management program in Eswatini designed to reduce barriers to accessing TPT.

METHODS: Vikela Ekhaya offered differentiated TB and HIV testing for household contacts of TB cases by using mobile contact management teams to screen contacts, assess their TPT eligibility, and initiate and monitor TPT adherence in participants' homes.

RESULTS: In total, 945 contacts from …

Novel And Extendable Genotyping System For Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Based On Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, Jiani Chen, Xueting Qiu, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Samuel S Shepard, Do-Kyun Kim, James Hixson, Pedro A Piedra, Justin Bahl

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. Previous RSV sequencing studies have primarily focused on partial sequencing of G gene (200-300 nucleotides) for genotype characterization or diagnostics. However, the genotype assignment with G gene has not recapitulated the phylogenetic signal of other genes, and there is no consensus on RSV genotype definition.

METHODS: We conducted maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 10 RSV individual genes and whole-genome sequence (WGS) that are published in GenBank. RSV genotypes were determined by using phylogenetic analysis and pair-wise node distances.

RESULTS: …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Childhood Punishment And Adult Ipv, Anna G. Griffith

Honors College Theses

The goal of this project is to examine the relationship between childhood punishment and experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) as an adult. Using an anonymous, self-report survey, students from Georgia Southern University were asked about their experiences with IPV, as well as their experiences of childhood punishment administered by both mother and father. The results show that children who receive corporal, verbal, and emotional punishment from their mother are more likely to experience all forms of IPV later in life. When analyzing the same relationships with fathers, corporal punishment is not associated with IPV while verbal and emotional punishment is.

Longitudinal Analysis Of The Impact Of Oral Contraceptive Use On The Gut Microbiome, Xinwei Hua, Yueming Cao, David M Morgan, Kaia Miller, Samantha M Chin, Danielle Bellavance, Hamed Khalili

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Introduction. Evidence has linked exogenous and endogenous sex hormones with the human microbiome.Hypothesis/Gap statement. The longitudinal effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on the human gut microbiome have not previously been studied.Aim. We sought to examine the longitudinal impact of OC use on the taxonomic composition and metabolic functions of the gut microbiota and endogenous sex steroid hormones after initiation of OC use.Methodology. We recruited ten healthy women who provided blood and stool samples prior to OC use, 1 month and 6 months after starting OC. We measured serum levels of sex hormones, including estradiol, progesterone, sex hormone-binding …

Parents' Reports Of Children's Physical And Sedentary Behavior Engagement Among Parents In Weight Management, Catherine Van Fossen, Haley Kiser, Callie Lambert Brown, Joseph Skelton, Keeley Jean Pratt

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between demographics, family exercise participation, family discouragement of exercise, and the children's physical and sedentary behaviors to identify specific areas of physical activity intervention for children with parents engaged in medical weight management (MWM).

Methods: Parents (n = 294) of children aged 2-18 years old were recruited from two university MWM programs to complete a one-time survey. Bivariate analyses tested associations.

Results: Parents reported that sedentary activity was higher for children who identified as racial minorities (t(141) = -2.05, p < 0.05). Mobile phone and tablet use was higher for adolescents compared to school age and young children (H(2) = 10.96, p < 01) Exercise game use was higher for racial minority children compared to white children (U = 9440.5, z = 2.47, p ≤ 0.03). Male children (t(284) = 1.83, p < 0.07), children perceived to have a healthy weight status (t(120) = 4.68, p < 0.00), and younger children (t(289) = 1.79, p < 0.08) all engaged in more strenuous physical activity. Family exercise participation (t(162) = -2.93, p < 0.01) and family discouragement of exercise (U = 7813.50, z = -2.06, p ≤ 0.04) were significantly higher for children in racial minority families.

Conclusions: Future work should determine methods to engage children …

Intersecting Disadvantages For Married Adolescents: Life After Marriage Pre- And Post-Covid-19 In Contexts Of Displacement., Sarah Baird, Maureen Murphy, Jennifer Seager, Nicola Jones, Anju Malhotra, Sarah Alheiwidi, Guday Emirie, Sabina Rashid, Maheen Sultan

Global Health Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Although there is a growing evidence base on the drivers of child marriage, comparatively little is known about the experiences of married girls in refugee settings and how their development trajectories diverge from those of their nonmarried peers, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on cross-national panel data from Bangladesh and Jordan, this article explores diversity in child marriage experiences in contexts affected by forced displacement, highlighting how married girls' well-being differs from that of their unmarried peers, and how COVID-19 has reinforced these differences.

METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal survey data-collected pre- and post-COVID-19-from the Gender …

Fungi: Friend Or Foe? A Mycobiome Evaluation In Children With Autism And Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Jane Alookaran, Yuying Liu, Thomas A Auchtung, Amirali Tahanan, Manouchehr Hessabi, Parisa Asgarisabet, Mohammad H Rahbar, Nicole Y Fatheree, Deborah A Pearson, Rosleen Mansour, Melissa R Van Arsdall, Fernando Navarro, J Marc Rhoads

Journal Articles

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms often affect children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and GI symptoms have been associated with an abnormal fecal microbiome. There is limited evidence of Candida species being more prevalent in children with ASD. We enrolled 20 children with ASD and GI symptoms (ASD + GI), 10 children with ASD but no GI symptoms (ASD - GI), and 20 from typically developing (TD) children in this pilot study. Fecal mycobiome taxa were analyzed by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing. GI symptoms (GI Severity Index [GSI]), behavioral symptoms (Social Responsiveness Scale -2 [SRS-2]), inflammation and fungal immunity (fecal calprotectin and …

Bladder Tumor In A Young Leukemic Patient Cured By Chemotherapy: A Case Report, Mohamed Tebaa, Mamoutou Dit Mody, Sylla Mahamadou, Mohamed Amine Lakmichi

Health Sciences

Adult bladder tumor is estimated to be the 10th most common tumor worldwide. However, its incidence is much less common in children. It is a disease of the elderly that peaks in the sixth decade of life. Nevertheless, bladder tumors could also affect children, adolescents, and young adults with a prevalence of