Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Abortion/Reproductive Rights, Sandra Klein

Sandra S. Klein

The issue of a woman's right to choose whether or not to continue with a pregnancy has proven to be complicated for many reasons, not the least of which is the implications for a person's right to do with her body as she sees fit. The bibliography that follows provides the researcher with an in depth look at this issue, with an emphasis on the privacy aspects.

Physical Activity And Public Health: Training Courses For Researchers And Practitioners, David Brown, Russell Pate, Michale Pratt, Fran Wheeler, David Buchner, Barbara Ainsworth, Caroline Macera

David C. Brown

No abstract provided.

Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks

David C. Brown

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1–2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health …

Correspondence Between Self-Report And Interview-Based Assessments Of Antisocial Personality Disorder, Laura Guy, Norman Poythress, Kevin Douglas, Jennifer Skeem, John Edens

Norman Poythress

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is associated with suicide, violence, and risk-taking behavior and can slow response to first-line treatment for Axis I disorders. ASPD may be assessed infrequently because few efficient diagnostic tools are available. This study evaluated 2 promising self-report measures for assessing ASPD--the ASPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4; S. E. Hyler, 1994) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991, 2007)--as well as the ASPD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II; M. B. First, R. L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J. B. W. Williams, and L. S. Benjamin, 1997). The …

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration On Lower Extremity Muscle Performance In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Kurt Jackson, Harold Merriman, Paul Vanderburgh, C. Brahler

C. Jayne Brahler

Background and Purpose: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a relatively new form of exercise training that may influence muscle performance. This study investigated the acute effects of high (26 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency WBV on isometric muscle torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Participants and Method: Fifteen individuals (mean age = 54.6 years, SD = 9.6) with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-6.5 (mean = 4.2, SD = 2.3) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Following baseline measures of isometric quadricep and hamstring torque, subjects were exposed to …

Gender Differences In Motivation To Resolve Eating And Body Image Concerns In College Students, Harold Merriman, C. Brahler, Laura Dinan, Lauren Finzer

C. Jayne Brahler

The objective of this study was to identify similarities and differences between college women and men with respect to their eating and body image concerns, weight fluctuation and level of motivation to resolve these concerns. 101 University of Dayton students participated in this study. Students completed an eating and body concern survey online.

Body image concerns were significantly greater for females compared to males (p=0.007) and significantly greater as motivation level to resolve the concerns increased (p=0.019). Eating concerns followed the same trends but did not reach statistical significance. Weight fluctuation in both genders increased significantly as motivation level increased …

The Mind-Body Connection: The Association Between Adolescent Locus Of Control And Indicators Of Physical Health, C. Brahler, James Cropper

C. Jayne Brahler

Locus of control (LOC) describes an individual’s generalized beliefs or expectancies that their reinforcements are under internal versus external control (1). An individual exhibits either an internal or external LOC. This study examines the link between LOC and selected health risk factors in adolescents. A convenience sample of 167 high school physical education students completed a 13-item LOC questionnaire based on Rotter’s 1966 instrument. Various anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and body fat were recorded on all subjects. A subsample of 61 female students received blood chemistry analysis that included a lipid profile, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Apo …

News From Cart, Patricia Fanning, Amos Nwosu

Patricia J. Fanning

No abstract provided.

Factors Differentiating Successful Versus Unsuccessful Malingerers, John Edens, Laura Guy, Randy Otto, Jacqueline Buffington, Tara Tomicic, Norman Poythress

Norman Poythress

Relatively little is known about the processes in which "successful" malingerers engage to avoid detection. This study summarizes the response strategies used by participants (N = 540) instructed to feign a specific mental disorder while completing various self-report instruments designed to detect faking. Postexperiment questionnaires indicated that those who were able to appear symptomatic while avoiding being detected as feigning (n = 60) were more likely to endorse a lower rate of legitimate symptoms, to avoid overly unusual or bizarre items, and to base their responses on their own personal experiences.

Building Capacity In Physical Activity And Public Health, Russell Pate, Jennifer Gay, David Brown, Michael Pratt

David C. Brown

No abstract provided.

A Context-Aware Activity Recommendation Smartphone Application To Mitigate Sedentary Lifestyles, Qian He, Emmanuel Agu

Emmanuel O. Agu

A sedentary lifestyle involves irregular or no physical activity. In this kind of lifestyle, people’s activities do not increase their energy expenditure substantially above resting levels. Long periods of sitting, lying, watching television, playing video games, and using the computer are typical examples. Energy expenditures at 1.0-1.5 Metabolic Equivalent Units (METs) are considered sedentary behaviors. A recent study of sedentary lifestyles found that the length of sedentary times is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In this study, we developed a smartphone application called “On11”, which continuously tracks and informs the user …

Numerous Test Items In The Complete And Short Forms Of The Bot-2 Do Not Contribute Substantially To Motor Performance Assessments In Typically Developing Children Six To Ten Years Old, C. Brahler, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Sara Mrowzinski, Susan Aebker, Megan Kreill

C. Jayne Brahler

The purposes of the current study were (1) to determine the magnitude of association between individual subtest items and the respective total subtest scores on the four subtests in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2) and (2) to review items on the BOT-2 Short Form. The correlation coefficients (r) between ranged from .865 to .071. Several items suffered from a ceiling effect, and four of the eight items on the Short Form for these four subtests had very low associations with their subtest total score. These results raise several issues with the BOT-2 that warrant further investigation.

Effects Of Cost Sharing On Seeking Care For Serious And Minor Symptoms. Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Martin Shapiro, John Ware, Cathy Sherbourne

Martin Shapiro

To estimate the effect of cost sharing on seeking care for serious and minor symptoms, we analyzed data for 3539 persons aged 17 to 61 from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to a free-care group or to insurance plans requiring them to pay part of the costs (cost-sharing group). Annual surveys were administered to determine if participants had serious and minor symptoms during the preceding month and whether they saw a physician. Serious symptoms were judged by a panel of physicians to warrant care in most instances; minor symptoms were judged neither to be severe nor …

Evening Snacking In Relation To Self-Reported Declines In Sleep Quality During Pregnancy: Preliminary Results From The Decision-Making, Eating, And Weight Gain During Pregnancy (Dew) Study, Wendy Mccallum, Bradley M. Appelhans, Tiffany A. Moore Simas, Rui Sherry Xiao, Shums Alikhan, Isabelle C. Pierre-Louis, Barbara C. Olendzki, Sherry L. Pagoto, Molly E. Waring

Tiffany A. Moore Simas

Background: Poor sleep in non-pregnant adults has been associated with increased evening snacking, which may contribute to weight gain. Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy.

Objective: To examine the association between changes in sleep quality from pre-pregnancy and evening snacking.

Methods: In an ongoing prospective cohort study, pregnant women were recruited from UMMHC obstetric practices and the community. Participants are 18+ years, with singleton gestation <36 >weeks, pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-40 kg/m2, English-speaking, and with plans to deliver at UMMHC. Participants were asked “compared to the three months before you became pregnant, how is your sleep quality now?”; we combined responses of …

Profiling The Incidents And Injuries Of Part-Time And Full-Time Soldiers In The Australian Army, Dylan Macdonald, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr

Rodney P Pope

Aim •To profile the incidents & injuries reported in Part-time compared to Full-time soldiers serving in the Australian Army Methods •Retrospective cohort study, covering 01 Jul 2012 –30 Jun 2014 •Incident data for ARES & ARA extracted from WHSCAR database by system administrators & made non-identifiable •Inclusion Criteria: –Incident or injury sustained by Part-time or Full-time personnel –Incident or injury occurred during 01 July 2012-30 June 2014 •Exclusion Criteria: –Foreign defence service on secondment –Missing data •Population sizes ascertained from annual Defence Agency Resources & Planned Performance reports •Total annual numbers of ARES days served provided by AHQ •Data analysis: …

Incidence Rates Of Reported Work Health & Safety Incidents & Injuries In Part-Time & Full-Time Australian Army Personnel, Rodney Pope, Dylan Macdonald, Rob Orr

Rodney P Pope

Aims: 1. To investigate & compare the incidence rates of WHS incidents & injuries in ARES & ARA populations, reported in the WHSCAR database 2. To compare these injury incidence rates to injury rates reported by other injury surveillance systems for comparable army populations

Profiling The Incidents And Injuries Of Part-Time And Full-Time Soldiers In The Australian Army, Dylan Macdonald, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr

Rob Marc Orr

Aim •To profile the incidents & injuries reported in Part-time compared to Full-time soldiers serving in the Australian Army Methods •Retrospective cohort study, covering 01 Jul 2012 –30 Jun 2014 •Incident data for ARES & ARA extracted from WHSCAR database by system administrators & made non-identifiable •Inclusion Criteria: –Incident or injury sustained by Part-time or Full-time personnel –Incident or injury occurred during 01 July 2012-30 June 2014 •Exclusion Criteria: –Foreign defence service on secondment –Missing data •Population sizes ascertained from annual Defence Agency Resources & Planned Performance reports •Total annual numbers of ARES days served provided by AHQ •Data analysis: …

Australian Army Recruit Training: Course Length And Recruit Injury Rates, Georgina Dawson, Ryan Broad, Rob Orr

Rob Marc Orr

Access abstract in the Conference Abstract E-book, page 115

Leg Power As An Indicator For Risk Of Injury Or Illness In Police Recruits, Rob Orr, Rodney Pope, Samantha Peterson, Michael Stierli, Ben Hinton

Rob Marc Orr

Access abstract in the Conference Abstract E-book, page 123

Incidence Rates Of Reported Work Health & Safety Incidents & Injuries In Part-Time & Full-Time Australian Army Personnel, Rodney Pope, Dylan Macdonald, Rob Orr

Rob Marc Orr

Aims: 1. To investigate & compare the incidence rates of WHS incidents & injuries in ARES & ARA populations, reported in the WHSCAR database 2. To compare these injury incidence rates to injury rates reported by other injury surveillance systems for comparable army populations

Priority Setting In Indigenous Health: Why We Need An Explicit Decision Making Approach, Michael E. Otim, Ranmalie Jayasinha, Margaret Kelaher, Edward Shane Houston, Ian P. Anderson, Stephen Jan

Michael E Otim

Indigenous Australians have significantly poorer health outcomes than the non-Indigenous population worldwide. The Australian government has increased its investment in Indigenous health through the "Closing the Health Gap" initiative. Deciding where to invest scarce resources so as to maximize health outcomes for Indigenous peoples may require improved priority setting processes. Current government practice involves a mix of implicit and explicit processes to varying degrees at the macro and meso decision making levels. In this article, we argue that explicit priority setting should be emphasized in Indigenous health, as it can ensure that the decision making process is accountable, systematic, and …

Sedentary Behavior And Related Factors Among Full-Time, University Faculty, Mary Keenan, Anna Greer

Anna E. Greer

Purpose - Sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity, is a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality. Little is known about factors related to sedentary behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the demographic characteristics, perceived physical activity (PA) environment, and PA behaviors of 72 full-Time, university faculty members. Design/methodology/approach - For this cross-sectional study, data were collected online using Survey Monkey®. Findings - Participants spent an average of 473 and 328 minutes/weekend day in sedentary activity. There was a positive correlation between minutes spent in vigorous PA and minutes spent sedentary …

Know Your Family Ancestry, Conditions, Traits, And Traditions (Facts) Dc: Increasing Genomic Awareness In Underserved Communities, Bradford Wilson, Carla Williams, Luisel Ricks-Santi

Bradford Wilson

Assessment Of Breast Cancer Treatment Delay Impact On Prognosis And Survival: A Look At The Evidence From Systematic Analysis Of The Literature, Faustine Williams

Faustine Williams

Perceiving One's Heart Condition To Be Cured Following Hospitalization For Acute Coronary Syndromes: Implications For Patient-Provider Communication, Molly Waring, David Mcmanus, Stephenie Lemon, Joel Gore, Milena Anatchkova, Richard Mcmanus, Arlene Ash, Robert Goldberg, Catarina Kiefe, Jane Saczynski

Richard H. McManus

OBJECTIVE: We examined the proportion of patients perceiving their heart condition to be cured following hospitalization for ACS and identified characteristics associated with these perceptions.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with ACS (N=396). Patient interviews during hospitalization and one week post-discharge provided demographic and psychosocial characteristics. Medical records provided clinical characteristics. At one week, patients who rated "My heart condition is cured" as "definitely true" or "mostly true" were considered to perceive their heart condition cured.

RESULTS: Participants were aged 60.7 (SD:11.0) years, 26.5% female, and 89.0% non-Hispanic white; 16.7% had unstable angina, 59.6% NSTEMI, …

Open Access Challenge, Amy Dailey, Janelle Wertzberger

Janelle Wertzberger

This class activity is designed to help health sciences students understand challenges to accessing public health information in a variety of settings. The exercise was created for students in Prof. Dailey’s Global Health class (HS 322) at Gettysburg College in Fall 2015. The activity, as well as notes for instructors considering using this exercise, are both shared here.

Velamentous Cord: A Dangerous Case Complicated By A Rural Population, Adam Franks, Md, Carolyn Curtis, Md, Shawndra Barker, Md

Shawndra Barker MD

A velamentous cord insertion occurs when the umbilical cord’s Wharton jelly fails to reach the placenta, due to early placental atrophy around the insertion site, leaving a segment of unprotected vessels running through the thin membranes of the amniotic sac. This area of weakness exposes a threat to the well-being of the fetus through acute hemorrhage and both acute and chronic restriction of nutrition. With advances in technology, resolution capabilities of ultrasounds allow for antenatal diagnosis, when previously this was impossible. With this knowledge, considerations for screening and management of this pathology are essential when dealing with a rural population …

Velamentous Cord: A Dangerous Case Complicated By A Rural Population, Adam Franks, Md, Carolyn Curtis, Md, Shawndra Barker, Md

Adam M. Franks, MD

A velamentous cord insertion occurs when the umbilical cord’s Wharton jelly fails to reach the placenta, due to early placental atrophy around the insertion site, leaving a segment of unprotected vessels running through the thin membranes of the amniotic sac. This area of weakness exposes a threat to the well-being of the fetus through acute hemorrhage and both acute and chronic restriction of nutrition. With advances in technology, resolution capabilities of ultrasounds allow for antenatal diagnosis, when previously this was impossible. With this knowledge, considerations for screening and management of this pathology are essential when dealing with a rural population …

Health Literacy Promotion: Contemporary Conceptualizations And Current Implementations In Canadian Health Librarianship, Nicole Dalmer

Nicole K Dalmer

Research questions: What are the current conceptualizations of health literacy, and what strategies are Canadian health librarians in public, academic, and hospital libraries enacting to put health literacy promotion into practice? Data sources: Serving as the basis of this scoping review, library and information science, health sciences, and interdisciplinary databases were searched using key terms relating to health literacy promotion as it relates to services, programming, or resources used in a variety of library settings. A web searched allowed for the inclusion of grey literature sources. Study selection: Data sources were searched using a combination of subject headings and keywords …

Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs And Behaviors (Kabb) Of Diabetes Among Afro-Caribbeans Near Brooklyn, New York, Sophia Allen

Sophia I. Allen, Ph.D.

Diabetes is an epidemic in the U.S. that unduly affects minority groups. African Americans are more than two times as likely to die from diabetes than whites. Literature previously established that some population groups have a negative perception toward medical professionals and visiting a doctor's office and/or hospital when a health problem occurs. In New York City, where a large group of Afro-Caribbeans live, diabetes prevalence more than doubled over the past 10 years with over half a million adults diagnosed. Due to a gap in literature in the U.S. on type 2 diabetes among English-speaking Afro-Caribbeans, this study recruited …