Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mortality Of Patients Hospitalized By Covid-19 In Mexico, Systematic Review, Ana Portocarrerero Granados, Lya A Castro Rodriguez, Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera, María Del Socorro Romero Figueroa

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Introduction: Since the start of the pandemic, Mexico was one of the countries with the highest mortality rates from COVID 19. Objective: To determine if type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and obesity increase mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who required hospitalization in Mexico. Methods: Systematic review in Pubmed MeSH, Web of Science, Lilas, Scielo, and Google Scholar with the terms MeSH COVID-19, SARS-COV2, Coronavirus, and Mexico for the years 2020 and 2021, in English or Spanish. Two reviewers selected the studies, two additional reviewers participated in the analysis of the studies. Results: Seventy three studies carried out in …

Evaluation Of Clinical Aspects Related To Lower Limb Amputation Among Individuals Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Mexico, Julio Cesar Parra Acosta, Laura Ávila Jiménez, Antonio Monroy Noyola, Diana Lizbeth Gómez Galicia, Daniel Álvarez Escobedo, Cairo Toledano Jaimes

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

Introduction: Diabetes continues to be one of the leading causes of disability and death in the global population. It is estimated that approximately 25% of people living with diabetes will develop an ulcer on one of their lower pelvic limbs. Objective: The present study evaluates the clinical aspects related to lower pelvic limb amputation in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted consisting in a review of the total census of patients with type 2 diabetes. They received medical attention in the setting of the study in the period January-May 2022. …

Impact Of Diabetic Education On Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates: A Literature Review Of Adults With Diabetes, Frank Camarda

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

According to 2018 data from the Diabetes Institute Foundation, adults in the U.S. diagnosed with diabetes accounted for 17 million emergency department visits. The readmission rate for patients with diabetes far exceeds the general readmission rates for hospitalized patients. While there is recognition of the need for diabetic education to reduce hospital readmissions, optimizing long-term self-management of diabetics remains a focus of ongoing research.

Exploring Geriatric Self Management Of Type 2 Dm: A Systematic Review, Ahmed Gawash, David F. Lo, Kunal P. Shah, Jasmine Emanuel, Brandon Goodwin, Don D. Shamilov, Gaurav Kumar, Nathan Jean, Christian P. White

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

This review explores diabetic self-management in geriatric individuals, focusing on positive attitudes and support from family/friends as crucial for self-care optimization. A comprehensive search in health databases was conducted, which involved screening 248 participants across eight qualitative research studies. Themes emphasizing the importance of listening to one’s body, acknowledging hidden issues, and recognizing the impact of various factors on diabetes self-care were established. A holistic approach to self management, emphasizing the significance of positive attitudes, cultural sensitivity, and individual values in healthcare practices is recommended. Embracing cultural diversity and addressing barriers can enhance self-management and quality of life for geriatric …

Diabetes Health Education For South Jersey Communities, Heaven Chu, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, Amin Khan

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that hinders the body’s metabolic process using insulin to maintain glycemic homeostasis. It is prevalent worldwide, with about 10% of the global adult population affected. Socio-economic and cultural factors and determinants make diabetes and diabetes management more of a health risk for certain populations rather than others. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is higher than the global average and the risk factors disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities.

This study was designed to investigate health disparities in diabetes among a diverse population sample. The study included researching the disparities of diabetes patients in …

Relationship Between Food Security, Nutrition Security, And Diabetes: The Role Of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation, Maha Almohamad, Jayna M Dave, Eric E Calloway, Ruosha Li, Shreela Sharma

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Inadequate nutrition and poor diet quality are associated with a heightened risk of diabetes. The connection between food insecurity measures and diabetes has been established, with evidence indicating that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation contributes to reductions in food insecurity. Recently developed nutrition security measures, defined as the ability to acquire healthful foods to prevent diseases, and their association with diabetes and SNAP participation are not yet understood.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relationship between food security and nutrition security in relation to diabetes overall and by SNAP participation and nutrition security as potential modifiers.

METHODS: …

An Expanded Chronic Care Management Approach To Multiple Chronic Conditions In Hispanics Using Community Health Workers As Community Extenders In The Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Juliana Z Lopez, Minjae Lee, Soo K Park, Maria E Zolezzi, Lisa A Mitchell-Bennett, Paul G Yeh, Lubeth Perez, Natalia I Heredia, David D Mcpherson, Joseph B Mccormick, Belinda M Reininger

Journal Articles

INTRODUCTION: The synergistic negative effects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension increases all-cause mortality and the medical complexity of management, which disproportionately impact Hispanics who face barriers to healthcare access. The Salud y Vida intervention was delivered to Hispanic adults living along the Texas-Mexico Border with comorbid poorly controlled T2DM and hypertension. The Salud y Vida multicomponent intervention incorporated community health workers (CHWs) into an expanded chronic care management model to deliver home-based follow-up visits and provided community-based diabetes self-management education.

METHODS: We conducted multivariable longitudinal analysis to examine the longitudinal intervention effect on reducing systolic and diastolic blood …

Developing Health Ministries Beyond The Disparities In The Community, Tasha Renea Berry-Lewis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an upswing in the lack of awareness concerning disparities and the lack of resources available in many of the neighborhoods in the Chicagoland area. The Washington Park and Bronzeville areas are two (2) communities among several others in the Chicago area that are considered to be low-income neighborhoods with minimal resources and an increasing concern of disparities. As a church in the community, it is vitally important we provide a place of hope and trust for people to come for help and refuge. Developing a service such as a health and wellness ministry …

Use Of A Primary Care Dataset To Describe ‘The Real Picture’ Of Diabetes In Kimberley Aboriginal Communities, Caitlyn S. White, Kimberley Seear, Lorraine Anderson, Emma Griffiths

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Objective
Aboriginal communities are impacted by high rates of diabetes, however these are currently underestimated by national data sources used by policy and decision makers to inform allocation of health resources. We aimed to estimate diabetes prevalence and screening coverage using primary care electronic medical record data.

Methods
A cross-sectional audit was conducted using primary care data from Aboriginal regular Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) clinic attendees aged 15 years and over (n=1763) in five remote communities in the Kimberley region. Main outcome measures were overall diabetes prevalence; age-specific diabetes prevalence; prevalence of pre-diabetes; and screening rates among patients …

Development Of A Culinary Medicine Toolkit To Improve Implementation Of Virtual Cooking Classes For Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, David Ai, Natalia I Heredia, Vanessa Cruz, Diana C Guevara, Shreela V Sharma, Dolores Woods, Melisa Danho, John Wesley Mcwhorter

Journal Articles

Culinary medicine (CM) addresses diseases through nutrition and culinary education. To promote access to educational material for people with diabetes and engagement in virtual classes, we created a virtual culinary medicine toolkit (VCMT) sensitive to literacy levels and language preferences. The VCMT was developed to accompany existing virtual CM programs and help improve participant interaction and retention, offering educational materials for providers and participants. The provider VCMT offers level-setting education to reduce mixed nutrition messaging, including educational resources discussing inclusive nutrition and mindful eating topics. Each handout has a QR code and link to engaging, animated videos that provide further …

Development Of A Culinary Medicine Toolkit To Improve Implementation Of Virtual Cooking Classes For Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, David Ai, Natalia I Heredia, Vanessa Cruz, Diana C Guevara, Shreela V Sharma, Dolores Woods, Melisa Danho, John Wesley Mcwhorter

Journal Articles

Culinary medicine (CM) addresses diseases through nutrition and culinary education. to promote access to educational material for people with diabetes and engagement in virtual classes, we created a virtual culinary medicine toolkit (VCMT) sensitive to literacy levels and language preferences. The VCMT was developed to accompany existing virtual CM programs and help improve participant interaction and retention, offering educational materials for providers and participants. The provider VCMT offers level-setting education to reduce mixed nutrition messaging, including educational resources discussing inclusive nutrition and mindful eating topics. Each handout has a QR code and link to engaging, animated videos that provide further …

“It’S Not That We Care Less”: Insights Into Health Care Utilization For Comorbid Diabetes And Depression Among Latinos, Sharon Borja, Miriam G. Valdovinos, Kenia M. Rivera, Natalia Giraldo-Santiago, Robin Gearing, Luis R. Torres-Hostos

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite robust knowledge regarding the socio-economic and cultural factors affecting Latino* access to healthcare, limited research has explored service utilization in the context of comorbid conditions like diabetes and depression. This qualitative study, embedded in a larger mixed-methods project, aimed to investigate perceptions held by Latinos and their social support systems (i.e., family members) regarding comorbid diabetes and depression and to identify barriers and facilitators to their help-seeking behaviors and treatment engagement. Bilingual and bicultural researchers conducted eight focus groups with 94 participants in a large U.S. metropolitan area and were primarily conducted in Spanish. The participants either had a …

Exploring The Relationship Between Diabetes, Diabetes Risk, Depressive Symptoms, Chronic Stress, And Inflammatory Markers In Mexican-American Men, Aleli Fernandez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: Individuals with depression and stress are 60% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to those without (Mezuk et al., 2008). Moreover, biological pro-inflammatory markers associated with psychosocial stress are risk factors for diabetes. Examining the relationship between psychological disorders, inflammation, and diabetes risk among MAH is important as they have high rates of diabetes.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between 1) depressive symptoms, chronic stress, and inflammatory markers, 2) inflammation and diabetes risk factors and 3) depression, stress, inflammation, diabetes risk, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 adult men from El Paso, Texas …

Geospatial Distribution Of Pharmacist Diabetes Management Within A Patient Centered Medical Home Model In Omaha, Nebraska, Anthony Donovan

Capstone Experience

Patients with uncontrolled diabetes, defined as a hemoglobin A1c value greater than 9%, are at an increased risk of diabetes progression. Primary care is often the first point of contact where patients with uncontrolled diabetes are identified and treated. Pharmacists are utilized in diabetes medication management of patients with uncontrolled diabetes as one component of primary care multidisciplinary models of care. This descriptive project describes the geospatial distribution of patients with uncontrolled diabetes from a single institution in the Omaha, Nebraska area who were exposed to pharmacists within a Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model of care compared to those …

Data-Driven Decision Support Tool Co-Development With A Primary Health Care Practice Based Learning Network, Jacqueline K. Kueper, Jennifer Rayner, Sara Bhatti, Kelly Angevaare, Sandra Fitzpatrick, Paulino Lucamba, Eric Sutherland, Daniel J. Lizotte

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Background: The Alliance for Healthier Communities is a learning health system that supports Community Health Centres (CHCs) across Ontario, Canada to provide team-based primary health care to people who otherwise experience barriers to care. This case study describes the ongoing process and lessons learned from the first Alliance for Healthier Communities’ Practice Based Learning Network (PBLN) data-driven decision support tool co-development project.

Methods: We employ an iterative approach to problem identification and methods development for the decision support tool, moving between discussion sessions and case studies with CHC electronic health record (EHR) data. We summarize our work to date in …

Food Insecurity Increases Risk Of Depression And Anxiety Among Women In Senegal Living With Diabetes And/Or Hypertension, Rachel P Allred, Ndèye Aminata Mbaye, Fatoumata Diagne, Sheryl A Mccurdy, Melissa B Harrell, Emma Nelson Bunkley

Journal Articles

Food insecurity affects close to half the population of Senegal, West Africa, a country simultaneously affected by the ongoing global diabetes pandemic. Diabetes and food insecurity are associated with adverse mental health, yet research exploring the relationship between chronic physical illness, food insecurity, and mental illness in Senegal is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between food insecurity and depression and anxiety, separately, in Senegalese women living with diabetes and hypertension. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Modified Hopkins …

Determining Call-To-Entry Rate And Recruitment Barriers In Clinical Studies For Community Clinics Serving Low-Income Populations: A Cohort Study, Elizabeth M Vaughan, Salim Virani, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Victor J Cardenas, Craig A Johnston, Laura Porterfield, Zuleica Santiago Delgado, Susan L Samson, Vanessa Schick, Aanand D Naik

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Recruitment for clinical studies is challenging. to overcome barriers, investigators have previously established call-to-entry rates to assist in planning. However, rates specific to low-income minority populations are needed to account for additional barriers to enrolment these individuals face.

OBJECTIVE: to obtain a call-to-entry rate in a low-income uninsured Hispanic population with chronic disease.

METHODS: We used data from four of our randomised clinical studies to determine the call-to-entry rate for individuals (n=1075) with or at risk for type 2 diabetes: participants needed/potential participants contacted=recruitment rate (yield). Research staff contacted potential participants to enrol in a study that evaluated 6 …

Tuberculosis Presentation And Outcomes In Older Hispanic Adults From Tamaulipas, Mexico, Belinda Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen L. Gemeinhardt, Javier E. Rodríguez-Herrera, Moncerrato García-Viveros, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Older people are at high risk of developing and dying from pulmonary infections like tuberculosis (TB), but there are few studies among them, particularly in Hispanics. To address these gaps, we sought to identify host factors associated with TB and adverse treatment outcomes in older Hispanics by conducting a cross-sectional study of TB surveillance data from Tamaulipas, Mexico (2006–2013; n = 8381). Multivariable logistic regressions were assessed for older adults (OA ≥65 years) when compared to young (YA, 18–39 years) and middle-aged adults (40–64 years). We found that the OA had features associated with a less complicated TB (e.g., lower …

Diabetes Risk During Pregnancy Among Second-Generation Immigrants: A National Cohort Study In Sweden, Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Nouha Saleh Stattin, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist, Casey Crump, Kristina Sundquist

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gestational diabetes is more common in many first-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries. Less is known about second-generation immigrant women; such knowledge is needed to understand generational influences on diabetes risk. We aimed to study second-generation immigrant women regarding the presence of all types of diabetes during pregnancy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort study was conducted using the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the total Population Register. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 99% confidence intervals (99% CI) for any diabetes during pregnancy and specific …

Quality Improvement Project To Assist In Implementation Of Prediabetes Screen Protocol, Kyai Forney

Doctoral Projects

Prediabetes is a reversible condition that causes blood glucose levels to be higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. When one has prediabetes, the cells in the body do not respond normally to insulin, and insulin acts like a key to letting blood sugar into cells to use energy. The pancreas produces insulin to try to get the cells to respond, but eventually, the pancreas has a challenging time keeping up, and the blood sugar level rises causing prediabetes (Lehrman, 2021). A person can have prediabetes for years with no obvious symptoms, so …

Spatial Epidemiology Of Prediabetes And Diabetes In Florida, Md Marufuzzaman Khan

Doctoral Dissertations

The burden of diabetes and diabetes-related Emergency Department (ED) visits has increased in Florida. However, Diabetes Self-management Education (DSME) Program participation remained considerably low. Little is known about disparities of DSME participation, diabetes complications, and ED use by diabetes patients in Florida and yet this information is important for guiding health programs aimed at reducing diabetes burden. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) disparities of diabetes prevalence and DSME participation; (b) disparities of diabetes-related ED visit risks; and (c) prevalence and predictors of stroke among persons with prediabetes and diabetes.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and …

Unmet Needs And Coping Strategies Of Older Underserved Veterans During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Trenton M. Haltom, Joyce Tiong, Tracy L. Evans, Nipa Kamdar, Gala True, Mark E. Kunik

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on people with diabetes, a group with high morbidity and mortality. Factors like race, age, income, Veteran-status, and limited or interrupted resources early in the COVID-19 pandemic compounded risks for negative health outcomes. Our objective was to characterize the experiences and needs of under-resourced Veterans with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (March through September 2021) with U.S. military Veterans with diabetes. Transcripts were analyzed using a team-based, iterative process of summarizing and coding to identify key themes. Participants included Veterans (n = 25) who …

Diabetes Prevalence And Monitoring In Nonmetropolitan And Metropolitan Areas Within A Commercially Insured U.S. Population, Lindsey R. Hammerslag, Jeffery Talbert

Rural & Underserved Health Research Center Publications

Overview of Key Findings

• Enrollees living in nonmetropolitan areas had 22% higher likelihood of having diabetes, even after controlling for factors like age and region.
• The prevalence of diabetes in 2019-2020 was 7.9% in nonmetropolitan areas and 6.2% in metropolitan areas.
• Annual hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing occurred for 85.1% of nonmetropolitan and 85.7% of metropolitan enrollees with diabetes. After controlling for other factors, we found significantly lower testing for those in nonmetropolitan areas.
• For diabetic enrollees, having an HbA1c test in 2019 was associated with an 8% decrease in the likelihood of non-cardiovascular complications related to diabetes and a 6% …

Shifting Gears: - The Expected Post-Transplant Survival (Epts) Usefulness In The Era Of Continuous Distribution- Examination Of The United Network Of Organ Sharing (Unos) Database 2000-2020, Vaughn Whittaker, Vaughn Easton Whittaker

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

The allocation of organs is a constantly evolving area of transplantation. The latest iteration of this process is a move toward continuous distribution of organs. This process considers dynamic factors instead of static constraints that box patients into certain categories. The expected post-transplant survival of patients is one of these dynamic factors that will be included in the assessment of patients' place in a continuous distribution allocation process. However, the predictive value of this construct is questionable, given that it uses only four factors (age, diabetes diagnosis, years on dialysis, and previous transplant) to represent complex patients who are on …

Associations Between Demographic, Social Determinant, And Health Factors And Self-Management Measures Among Insured Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Shari Bowers-Dueker

Capstone Experience

Background: Ensuring that individuals with type 2 diabetes properly manage their chronic condition is a nation-wide challenge, even among individuals who have health insurance coverage and access to the treatment they need. There exist several literature sources that suggest various factors that may influence an individual’s lack of self-management of type 2 diabetes. This study investigated some of these factors by determining whether various demographic, social determinant, and health factors were associated with three self-management measures among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The self-management measures of interest included (i) whether the annual recommended two primary care visits were attended …

Transforming Monterey Counties Food Environment, Geovanni Miron Solis

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Blue Zones project was brought to Monterey County due to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Nearly fifty percent of Monterey county are pre-diabetic or diabetic. The Blue Zones Project of Monterey County is a well being improvement initiative that works with local schools, worksites, restaurants and organizations to educate and promote healthier habits. The food sector of the project consists of individuals who work with restaurants and grocery stores here in Monterey County. The project serves Marina, Seaside, Monterey, Salinas, Pacific Grove, Gonzalez, King City, Soledad, Castroville, and Chular. A major issue the project wants to address …

Prevention Of Obesity-Related Morbidity & Mortality In Adults, Rachelle Virgin

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Poster presentation on the prevention of obesity related morbidity and mortality in adults.

Comparing The Health Care Resource Utilization And Medication Adherence Of People With Epilepsy And People With Diabetes By Insurance Status, Nikole Hoffman, Gerald Shoultz, Sarah Nechuta

Culminating Experience Projects

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide; diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects how the body produces and uses insulin. Prescribed medications are vital for controlling these and other chronic diseases by minimizing severe health issues, which can be affected by insurance type and status. Consequences of non-adherence include uncontrolled blood glucose in people with diabetes and uncontrolled seizures in people with epilepsy. We aimed to compare the healthcare resource utilization and medication adherence of people with epilepsy and people with diabetes by insurance status. Methods: Data was from the 2021 National …

Food Insecurity In Youth And Young Adults With Diabetes: Prevalence And Association With Health Behaviors, Lauren Helene Martini

Theses and Dissertations

Given the life-long impact of diabetes(1-5), it is important to engage in behaviors that promote health and wellness to delay or prevent negative health outcomes(3, 6-10). Despite this, youth and young adults with diabetes generally do not adhere to nutritional(11-17) or physical activity(18, 19) recommendations. In households experiencing financial difficulties, especially those who are having difficulty providing sufficient food to all of its members, adhering to recommendations may be even more difficult.

The purpose of this dissertation is to better understand and contextualize food insecurity among youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset T1DM and T2DM. The first aim addresses …

Relationship Between Treatment Comorbidities And Hiv Viral Suppression Among People Who Live With Aids In Johannesburg., Nwogo Immaculata Ekeji, Tolulope A. Osoba, Hebatullah Tawfik, Mehdi Agha

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

HIV has globally infected over 37.9 million people, of which 28.2 million (73%) are on antiretroviral treatment, and 66% of those on treatment are virally suppressed. In South Africa, however, low rate of viral suppression (47%) among people living with HIV is a major health problem that has continued to fuel HIV prevalence. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was used to investigate the relationship between treatment comorbidities and viral suppression among HIV-infected adults aged 18–49 who were diabetic, had cancer, or tuberculosis in Johannesburg. HIV Care Continuum formed the theoretical framework for this research. An existing HIV-infected patient de-identifiable dataset …