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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Large-Scale Organization Of Shape Processing In The Ventral And Dorsal Pathways, Erez Freud, Jody C. Culham, David C. Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
The Large-Scale Organization Of Shape Processing In The Ventral And Dorsal Pathways, Erez Freud, Jody C. Culham, David C. Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Although shape perception is considered a function of the ventral visual pathway, evidence suggests that the dorsal pathway also derives shape-based representations. In two psychophysics and neuroimaging experiments, we characterized the response properties, topographical organization and perceptual relevance of these representations. In both pathways, shape sensitivity increased from early visual cortex to extrastriate cortex but then decreased in anterior regions. Moreover, the lateral aspect of the ventral pathway and posterior regions of the dorsal pathway were sensitive to the availability of fundamental shape properties, even for unrecognizable images. This apparent representational similarity between the posterior-dorsal and lateral-ventral regions was corroborated …
Perceived Smoking Environment And Smoking Initiation Among Multi-Ethnic Urban Girls, Tracy R. Nichols, Amanda Birnbaum, Sara Birnel, Gilbert J. Botvin
Perceived Smoking Environment And Smoking Initiation Among Multi-Ethnic Urban Girls, Tracy R. Nichols, Amanda Birnbaum, Sara Birnel, Gilbert J. Botvin
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Purpose
To examine associations between the perceived smoking environment and smoking initiation among urban multi-ethnic adolescent girls in New York City.
Methods
Self-report surveys completed in grades 7, 8, and 9 assessed girls’ (n = 858) smoking initiation, and perceived smoking environment (family smoking, friends’ smoking, smoking norms, and cigarette availability). Carbon monoxide breath samples were collected from girls using a variation of the bogus pipeline procedure.
Results
Differences were found in smoking prevalence with white girls reporting the highest prevalence of smoking at baseline and the greatest increase in smoking prevalence from seventh to eighth grade. Black girls reported …