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Nicotine Serves As A Feature-Positive Modulator Of Pavlovian Appetitive Conditioning In Rats, M. I. Palmatier, J. L. Peterson, J. L. Wilkinson, Rick A. Bevins
Nicotine Serves As A Feature-Positive Modulator Of Pavlovian Appetitive Conditioning In Rats, M. I. Palmatier, J. L. Peterson, J. L. Wilkinson, Rick A. Bevins
Rick A. Bevins
The present experiments examined whether a nicotine state could set the occasion for a pairing between visual cues and a rewarding outcome in rats. Following nicotine administration, presentation of a conditional stimulus (CS; light-on) was followed by brief access to a sucrose solution. When saline was administered, the same CS was presented but was not followed by any consequence. In Experiment 1, two groups assessed whether rats could acquire this Pavlovian feature-positive discrimination via different training procedures. An anticipatory food-seeking conditioned response (CR) developed during the CS on nicotine sessions but not on saline sessions in both groups. In Experiment …
Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins
Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins
Rick A. Bevins
People diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk to start smoking and have greater difficulty quitting. Nicotine, one of the principal addictive components of tobacco smoke, functioned as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for intermittent sucrose delivery in a Pavlovian drug discrimination task with rats. This study compared the ability of commonly prescribed ADHD medications (i.e., methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and bupropion) and additional dopamine reuptake inhibitors (i.e., cocaine and GBR 12909) to substitute for the CS effects of nicotine. Atomoxetine was also used to antagonize these CS effects. Rats acquired the discrimination as evidenced by increased dipper entries in …
Lnteroceptive Pavlovian Conditioning With Nicotine As The Conditional Stimulus Varies As A Function Of The Number Of Conditioning Trials And Unpaired Sucrose Deliveries, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Jennifer E. Murray, Chia Li, Steven M. Wiltgen, Rachel D. Penrod, Sarah A. Berg, Rick A. Bevins
Lnteroceptive Pavlovian Conditioning With Nicotine As The Conditional Stimulus Varies As A Function Of The Number Of Conditioning Trials And Unpaired Sucrose Deliveries, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Jennifer E. Murray, Chia Li, Steven M. Wiltgen, Rachel D. Penrod, Sarah A. Berg, Rick A. Bevins
Rick A. Bevins
In rats, the pharmacological (interoceptive) effects of nicotine can serve as a signal (conditional stimulus) in a Pavlovian (classical) conditioning task. In this task, nicotine administration (0.4 mg base/kg, subcutaneous) is typically paired with intermittent access to a liquid sucrose unconditional stimulus; sucrose is withheld on saline sessions. An increase in sucrose receptacle entries (goal tracking) on nicotine sessions indicates conditioning. Given our limited understanding of the functional relationships controlling conditioned responding to a nicotine conditional stimulus, the present research examined nicotine's sensitivity to several manipulations shown to affect the conditioned responding in more widely studied Pavlovian conditioning tasks that …
Nicotine As A Signal For The Presence Or Absence Of Sucrose Reward: Pavlovian Drug Appetitive Conditioning Preparation In Rats, Joyce Besheer, Matthew I. Palmatier, Dawn M. Metschke, Rick A. Bevins
Nicotine As A Signal For The Presence Or Absence Of Sucrose Reward: Pavlovian Drug Appetitive Conditioning Preparation In Rats, Joyce Besheer, Matthew I. Palmatier, Dawn M. Metschke, Rick A. Bevins
Rick A. Bevins
Rationale: In Pavlovian conditioning research, nicotine is typically conceptualized as the unconditioned stimulus (US) that becomes associated with an exteroceptive conditioned stimulus (CS). This research has not explored the possibility that nicotine can also function as a CS. Objectives: The present research examined whether nicotine served as a CS for the presence (CS+) or absence (CS–) of sucrose and started defining its specificity. Methods and results: Rats trained in the CS+ condition had nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, base) paired intermittently with brief access to sucrose. Intermixed were saline sessions without sucrose. Nicotine acquired the ability to evoke goal tracking. This conditioned …
Characterization Of Nicotine’S Ability To Serve As A Negative Feature In A Pavlovian Appetitive Conditioning Task In Rats, Rick A. Bevins, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Matthew I. Palmatier, Hannah L. Siebert, Steven M. Wiltgen
Characterization Of Nicotine’S Ability To Serve As A Negative Feature In A Pavlovian Appetitive Conditioning Task In Rats, Rick A. Bevins, Jamie L. Wilkinson, Matthew I. Palmatier, Hannah L. Siebert, Steven M. Wiltgen
Rick A. Bevins
Rationale Pavlovian feature negative discriminations have been widely used to understand inhibitory conditioning processes using exteroceptive stimuli. Comparatively little is known about inhibitory conditioning processes using a drug state as a negative feature. A negative feature signals that presentation of a conditional stimulus (CS) will not be paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Objectives: The present research examined whether nicotine served as a negative feature and started characterizing its properties. Methods and results: In acquisition, rats received intermixed saline and nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, base) sessions. On saline sessions, a 15-s light CS was paired with 4-s access to sucrose; the CS …
Behavioral And Neuropharmacological Characterization Of Nicotine As A Conditional Stimulus, Jennifer E. Murray, Rick A. Bevins
Behavioral And Neuropharmacological Characterization Of Nicotine As A Conditional Stimulus, Jennifer E. Murray, Rick A. Bevins
Rick A. Bevins
In rats, the pharmacological (interoceptive) effects of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine can serve as a conditional stimulus in a Pavlovian conditioning task. Nicotine administration is paired with intermittent access to a liquid sucrose unconditional stimulus; sucrose is withheld on saline sessions. An increase in sucrose receptacle entries (goal tracking) on nicotine sessions indicates conditioning. Rats were trained on a nicotine dose ((-)-1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine; 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg base/kg, s.c.). Generalization was examined using 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine and saline. Some behavioral effects of nicotine have been attributed to dopamine and glutamate. Accordingly, potential blockade of the nicotine …