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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
An Evaluation Of The Revised Hierarchical Model (Rhm): How Quickly Do We Learn To Associate Clock With Uhr?, Sierra Fuller
An Evaluation Of The Revised Hierarchical Model (Rhm): How Quickly Do We Learn To Associate Clock With Uhr?, Sierra Fuller
Honors Theses
The goal of the current study was to examine the Revised Hierarchical Model of bilingual language representation proposed by Kroll and Stewart (1994) by exploring the connection between the lexicon for one’s native language (L1) and the lexicon for one’s second language (L2) in novice bilinguals. Forty-three participants were taught 30 German words and then given a Translation Recognition Task to conjecture which pathways of the RHM were being utilized in the language acquisition process. The results supported our hypothesis, showing that there was greater interference for the monolinguals from the orthographically similar translations than the unrelated translations. The discovery …
Can The Survival Processing Effect Be Replicated In Non-Ancestral Survival Scenarios?, Ciro Griffiths
Can The Survival Processing Effect Be Replicated In Non-Ancestral Survival Scenarios?, Ciro Griffiths
Honors Theses
When primed to think about one’s survival, participants experience an increase in recall for a set of words. This result called the ‘survival processing effect’ was initially found for participants primed to think about their survival in an ancestral environment. The present study was designed to access whether the effect could be replicated in non-ancestral scenarios. Analyses showed that the effect could be replicated and that non-ancestral scenarios even led to a slightly higher level of recall than the traditional ancestral scenario. Various characteristics of the modern scenarios are believed to have been responsible for this finding including an increase …
Does Personality Moderate Reciprocity?, Arianna Groveman
Does Personality Moderate Reciprocity?, Arianna Groveman
Honors Theses
I completed this experiment in order to better understand how personality moderates reciprocity. Reciprocity is a compliance strategy that involves giving or doing something for someone in exchange for something in return (Cialdini, 1993). I originally predicted that high self-monitors would show greater reciprocity than low self-monitors. Also, I predicted people with high need for cognition will show more reciprocity than people with a low need for cognition. In addition, I hypothesized that people with a low need to evaluate will show more reciprocity than people with a high need to evaluate. Participants were randomly assigned to either a “Soft …
The Differing Effects Of Mood Priming On High Versus Low Self-Monitors, Kathleen E. Jordan
The Differing Effects Of Mood Priming On High Versus Low Self-Monitors, Kathleen E. Jordan
Honors Theses
The study investigated the influence of mood priming and how the influence could be different between high and low self-‐monitors. High self‐monitors would exhibit more of a change in mood after the priming as compared to low self‐monitors. Ninety‐seven participants at Union College completed the self-‐monitoring scale, randomly underwent either positive, negative, or neutral mood priming, and then reported on their moods. There was a significant difference found between the moods of high and low self‐monitors. Low self‐monitors reported happier feelings in the positive mood condition as well as lower moods in the negative mood condition than high self‐monitors.
The Extent To Which “Death And Disgust” Thoughts Influence Recall In Survival Processing Scenarios, Melanie Kramer
The Extent To Which “Death And Disgust” Thoughts Influence Recall In Survival Processing Scenarios, Melanie Kramer
Honors Theses
Recently, researchers have found that survival processing enhances retention. This led the authors to speculate that our memory systems have been fine tuned to remember survival relevant information. One question that might be asked is what is it about thinking about one’s survival that aids memory? As an extension of my previous research, this project examines the extent to which death and disgust influence recall in survival processing scenarios, determining whether or not death and disgust play a role in the memory enhancement associated with survival processing scenarios. There are four conditions in this study differing in the amount of …
Examining The Effects Of Exercise On Stressed Individuals Alcohol Expectancies, Maria Magavern
Examining The Effects Of Exercise On Stressed Individuals Alcohol Expectancies, Maria Magavern
Honors Theses
The current study examined the effect of exercise habits on alcohol expectancies and drinking behaviors. Previous research has suggested that under times of stress, individuals, especially without alternative effective coping mechanisms, often turn to alcohol (Cooper, Russell, Skinner, Frone, & Mudar, 1992). Exercise and alcohol produce many of the same psychological effects and both serve as stress reducers (Brown, Read, Marcus, Jakicic, Strong, Oakley, Ramsey, Kahler, Stuart, Dubreuil, & Gordon, 2010). The Discounting Principal reveals a tendency to discount all other causes when there is support that a given cause is already known to be responsible for a given event …
Psychology Of Advertising: The Effect Of Self-Monitoring And Message Framing On Advertisement Persuasion, Emily Murray
Psychology Of Advertising: The Effect Of Self-Monitoring And Message Framing On Advertisement Persuasion, Emily Murray
Honors Theses
The current study examined the interaction between self-monitoring and message framing on overall advertisement evaluation. Seventy-six undergraduate students (56 females and 20 males) at a small liberal arts school were exposed to a 2(Self-monitoring: High vs. Low) x 2(Message Framing: Promotion-framed advertisement vs. Prevention-framed advertisement) between-subjects design. The participants were shown three advertisements, one of which was framed in either a promotion-focused or prevention-focused manner. The participants then filled out a series of questionnaires and were classified as being high or low self-monitors. It was hypothesized that the participants who were classified as high self-monitors would evaluate the promotion-framed advertisement …
The Influence Of Positive Appearance And Personality Feedback On Self-Esteem As A Function Of Self-Monitoring, Kimberly Perry
The Influence Of Positive Appearance And Personality Feedback On Self-Esteem As A Function Of Self-Monitoring, Kimberly Perry
Honors Theses
Various psychological research has examined self-esteem formation and the importance of positive feedback from others in determining one’s self-worth. Additionally, contingencies of self-worth, or aspects of the self in which people deem important to their self-concept, play an important role in self-esteem formation. The current study expands upon this research by examining how personality traits, specifically the self-monitoring personality characteristic, may moderate fluctuations in self-esteem after receiving positive personality or appearance-based feedback. Participants in the current study completed a self-monitoring questionnaire, and were assigned to one of the following conditions: positive personality-based feedback, positive appearance-based feedback, or no feedback. Self-esteem …
Route To Persuasion In The Elaboration Likelihood Model: The Role Of Self-Esteem, Hilary Salander
Route To Persuasion In The Elaboration Likelihood Model: The Role Of Self-Esteem, Hilary Salander
Honors Theses
The current study aimed to explore the relationship between the two routes to persuasion proposed in the Elaboration Likelihood Model of persuasion, the central route and the peripheral route, and an individual’s self-esteem. It was hypothesized that individuals with low self-esteem would be more likely to follow the peripheral route to persuasion due to a lack of cognitive resources needed to enter the central route, while those high in self-esteem were thought to be more likely to follow the central route. Participants were first asked to fill out a series of three short questionnaires, one of which was the Rosenberg …
Cybercycling For Cognitive Health: Comparing Physical Mental And Combined Exercise, Anna Scribner
Cybercycling For Cognitive Health: Comparing Physical Mental And Combined Exercise, Anna Scribner
Honors Theses
Several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown exercise to improve cognitive function in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003, O’ Leary et al., 2011). Cognitive benefit from mental exercise alone is less definitive. A recent RCT (Anderson-Hanley et al., 2012) found greater benefit from three months of virtual-reality enhanced exercise than physical exercise alone among 79 independent living older adults. The current study aimed to replicate this work. In this study, six seniors that either lived or worked at Schaffer Heights were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomized into one of …
He Shoots He Scores: The Effect Of Mortality Salience On Risky Decisions In A Basketball Task As A Function Of Competition And Self-Esteem, Alexandra M. Aldeborgh
He Shoots He Scores: The Effect Of Mortality Salience On Risky Decisions In A Basketball Task As A Function Of Competition And Self-Esteem, Alexandra M. Aldeborgh
Honors Theses
The current study was designed to examine the effects of mortality salience (MS) and competition on risk-taking behavior in a sports-related setting as moderated by self-esteem. A basketball task was used to simulate sports risk, in which participants had the option of shooting from three lines: worth one point (least risky option), three points, and five points (riskiest option). Participants were either under the impression that they were competing with another participant or not. It was hypothesized that high self-esteem individuals, when primed with death thoughts and under the illusion of competition, would be most likely to shoot from the …
Queen Bees: An Examination Of The Mean Girl Phenomenon, Danielle Ayers
Queen Bees: An Examination Of The Mean Girl Phenomenon, Danielle Ayers
Honors Theses
As highlighted in the media, it is clear that the mean girl phenomenon is becoming a dangerous and growing trend in schools around the country. While girls are less likely than boys to engage in physical fights, they fight within friendship networks to damage relationships and reputations. Within these friendships, the “queen bee” is the girl holding supreme power and influence over the rest, using a combination of charisma and manipulation to keep absolute control. This study examined who these queen bees are and why they negatively dominate schools by asking females in grades six through college senior to discuss …
Invisibly Wounded Warriors: The Psychological Repercussions Of War On American Soldiers, Maisy Bragg
Invisibly Wounded Warriors: The Psychological Repercussions Of War On American Soldiers, Maisy Bragg
Honors Theses
The demands that come with war can be both physically and mentally traumatizing and damaging to the soldier in many ways. These psychological injuries manifest themselves in what physicians call Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The purpose of this paper is to examine Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in American Soldiers by analyzing the training methods, human’s natural aversion to killing, pre-deployment medical exams, type of warfare, and treatment options provided in war; specifically the Civil War, World War I and World War II, Vietnam, and the Iraq War. By taking into account the history of PTSD as a disease, as well as these …
The Effects Of Stress On Delay Discounting Performance For Higher And Lower Intelligence Individuals, Rebecca Brodoff
The Effects Of Stress On Delay Discounting Performance For Higher And Lower Intelligence Individuals, Rebecca Brodoff
Honors Theses
Maintaining self-control can be a draining and arduous task, which may be affected by several external factors, such as stress or IQ level. An experiment was conducted on the effects of induced stress on Delay Discounting (DD) performance, or a measure of self-control, and the extent to which IQ level moderated this effect. Participants recorded their SAT or ACT scores (which were later converted to IQ scores), were exposed to a stress-inducing or control task requiring them to place their arms in ice-cold or luke-warm water, respectively, and then completed a DD task where they made a number of hypothetical …
Differences In Touching Behavior With Strangers And Acquaintances Based On Adult Attachment Theory And Sociability, Kaitlin Camilleri
Differences In Touching Behavior With Strangers And Acquaintances Based On Adult Attachment Theory And Sociability, Kaitlin Camilleri
Honors Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adult attachment style and touching behavior, as well as the relationship between sociability and touching behavior, when interacting with both strangers and acquaintances. Previous research on romantic relationships suggests that individuals with avoidant attachment styles tend to avoid touching their romantic partners, whereas individuals with anxious attachment styles over-touch their romantic partners. As well, research on personality traits suggests that individuals who are high in openness and agreeableness, both characteristics of sociable people, tend to participate in touching behavior more. In the current study, 125 participants completed the Experiences …
An Investigation Of The Role Of Experiential Avoidance In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Meaghan M. Lewis
An Investigation Of The Role Of Experiential Avoidance In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Meaghan M. Lewis
Honors Theses
Experiential avoidance is a construct that researchers have proposed as a possible mediating factor between psychopathology and a prior history of traumatic events. Among the traumatic events investigated in the research literature, experiential avoidance has demonstrated correlations with prior experiences of sexual victimization. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptoms have also been linked with incidence of sexual victimization and engaging in experiential avoidance. Another variable commonly associated with this construct is problematic alcohol consumption. The present study presumed that women with a history of sexual victimization would report high PTSD symptoms, a stronger likelihood of partaking in problem drinking, …
Using Tag To Increase Play Skills, Melissa A. Boggs
Using Tag To Increase Play Skills, Melissa A. Boggs
Honors Theses
TAG (Teaching with Acoustical Guidance) involves using auditory stimuli as a reinforcer for correct behavior or correct components of a behavior chain. Theoretically, TAG is an effective reinforcer because a click (the auditory stimuli) is paired with back up reinforcers (tangible reinforcers and social praise) and consequently becomes a conditioned reinforcer. The current study assesses the effectiveness of TAG in structured playtime activities in a child diagnosed with autism. The behaviors measured include a receptive identification procedure, an imitative drawing procedure and a paperclip drop procedure. Each of these responses required multiple behaviors to be completed with the paperclip drop …
Activity Choice And Extinction Intervention For Escape Maintained Behavior, Ali M. Markowitz
Activity Choice And Extinction Intervention For Escape Maintained Behavior, Ali M. Markowitz
Honors Theses
Tantrums and non-compliant problem behaviors challenge children diagnosed with autism’s progress in early childhood special education classrooms by interfering with the child’s learning opportunities. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder causing abnormal or impaired development in social interactions and communication (DSM-IV, 1994). This paper looks at a single case on a preschool aged child diagnosed with autism exhibiting tantrums and problem behaviors. These tantrums and non-compliant problem behaviors included kicking, scratching, screaming, hitting, flopping on to the floor or eloping (leaving the table, chair or work area). One study conducted showed that activity choice intervention decreases the occurrence of problem …