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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Young Adolescents’ Conflicts With Siblings And Friends, Marcela Raffaelli
Young Adolescents’ Conflicts With Siblings And Friends, Marcela Raffaelli
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
One hundred twelve white, middle class 10-14-year-olds participated in a descriptive study of conflict with their closest sibling and best friend. Analysis of questionnaire ratings (completed by all participants) revealed that frequency of conflict was significantly related to ratings of the friend’s importance and satisfaction with the friendship but was not related to sibling relationship ratings. Descriptions of specific conflicts in the two relationships (provided by 81 youngsters) were compared to examine the onset, process, and aftermath of conflict. Conflicts between siblings and friends differed in how they were structured and experienced, suggesting that conflict functions differently in each relationship. …
Cross-Validation Of The Injury Behavior Checklist In A School-Age Sample, Richard Potts, Isaac Martinez, Angela Dedmon, Leslie Schwarz, David Dilillo, Lisa Swisher
Cross-Validation Of The Injury Behavior Checklist In A School-Age Sample, Richard Potts, Isaac Martinez, Angela Dedmon, Leslie Schwarz, David Dilillo, Lisa Swisher
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Examined descriptive characteristics, internal validity, and convergent validity of the Injury Behavior Checklist (IBC) in a sample of 7- to 10-year-old children. Although the IBC was originally designed for use with preschool children, results of the present study showed that it has acceptable psychometric qualities for use with children as old as 9 years. The IBC shows promise as an easily administered instrument for research on psychological and behavioral mechanisms of child hood injury, as well as for individual screening for injury liability.
The Effects Of Divorce And Custody Arrangements On Children’S Behavior, Development, And Adjustment, Michael E. Lamb, Kathleen J. Sternberg, Ross A. Thompson
The Effects Of Divorce And Custody Arrangements On Children’S Behavior, Development, And Adjustment, Michael E. Lamb, Kathleen J. Sternberg, Ross A. Thompson
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This article summarizes the consensus among a group of experts from developmental and clinical psychology, sociology, social welfare, and law who sought to evaluate existing empirical evidence regarding the ways in which children are affected by divorce and the varying custody arrangements that follow it. Divorce and/or single parenthood tend to have adverse effects on children’s adjustment, with the magnitude of the effects varying depending on the psychological status of the two parents, the extent of conflict between them, and the financial circumstances, particularly after divorce. Children whose nonresidential parents continue to support them financially, those whose custodial parents are …
The Influence Of Case And Professional Variables On The Identification And Reporting Of Child Maltreatment: A Study Of Licensed Psychologists And Certified Masters Social Workers, David J. Hansen, Kurt M. Bumby, Lori M. Lundquist, Reginald M. Chandler, Peter T. Le, Kristine T. Futa
The Influence Of Case And Professional Variables On The Identification And Reporting Of Child Maltreatment: A Study Of Licensed Psychologists And Certified Masters Social Workers, David J. Hansen, Kurt M. Bumby, Lori M. Lundquist, Reginald M. Chandler, Peter T. Le, Kristine T. Futa
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
All 50 states have laws requiring mental health and other professionals to report suspected maltreatment. Unfortunately, many professionals who are mandated to report suspicions of child maltreatment often fail to recognize potential maltreatment or fail to report their suspicions. The present study examines several factors that may influence identification and reporting of child maltreatment. Subjects were licensed psychologists in the Midwest and certified Masters social workers in Nebraska. Child maltreatment included neglect, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, and sexual abuse. Characteristics associated with the family or “case” (race, socioeconomic status of family, age of victim, type of maltreatment) were manipulated and …
Intimacy Deficits, Fear Of Intimacy, And Loneliness Among Sexual Offenders, Kurt M. Bumby, David J. Hansen
Intimacy Deficits, Fear Of Intimacy, And Loneliness Among Sexual Offenders, Kurt M. Bumby, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Intimacy deficits and loneliness recently have been theorized as influential factors in the etiology and maintenance of sexually offending behaviors, although to date there has been a lack of empirical research conducted to address this proposition. The present study examined intimacy defi cits, fear of intimacy, and loneliness among intrafamilial child molesters, rapists, nonsexually offending inmates, and a community sample of adult males. The child molesters and rapists reported greater overall intimacy deficits than did the nonsexually offending inmates and community controls, with rapists reporting the greatest intimacy deficits. Fear of intimacy was found to be a particularly salient characteristic …
Cultural, Historical, And Subcultural Contexts Of Adolescence: Implications For Health And Development, Lisa J. Crockett
Cultural, Historical, And Subcultural Contexts Of Adolescence: Implications For Health And Development, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although clearly influenced by biological and psychological growth, adolescent development is also molded by the social and cultural context in which it occurs. As the transition from childhood to adulthood, adolescence is closely tied to the structure of adult society, and the expectations for youth during this period reflect, in important ways, the skills and qualities deemed important for success in adult roles (Benedict, 1937; Havighurst, 194811972). Furthermore, prevailing demographic, economic, and political conditions determine the adult occupational and social roles to which young people can aspire, as well as the access to and competition for those roles (Elder, 1975). …
Converging Evidence For One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning With An Immediate Shock: Importance Of Shock Potency, Rick A. Bevins, Janice E. Mcphee, Anthony S. Rauhut, John J.B. Ayres
Converging Evidence For One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning With An Immediate Shock: Importance Of Shock Potency, Rick A. Bevins, Janice E. Mcphee, Anthony S. Rauhut, John J.B. Ayres
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In a sample of 208 Holtzman-descended albino rats, we found evidence with 4 measures of conditioning (freezing, defecation, side crossing, and nose crossing) that a single 2-s, 1.0-mA immediate shock could condition fear to a context (Experiments 1, 2, and 4). When we reduced the shock intensity to 0.5 mA, we obtained a complete immediate-shock conditioning deficit according to all measures in Experiment 3 and to all but the defecation measure in Experiment 4. Results suggest two conclusions: (a) Differences in shock potency between laboratories may help explain discrepant findings about whether immediate shock supports contextual conditioning; (b) theories of …
Influence Of Information Related To Child Physical Abuse On Professional Ratings Of Adjustment And Prognosis, Virginia M. Deroma, David J. Hansen, Amy C. Tishelman, Peter D'Amico
Influence Of Information Related To Child Physical Abuse On Professional Ratings Of Adjustment And Prognosis, Virginia M. Deroma, David J. Hansen, Amy C. Tishelman, Peter D'Amico
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The study investigates the influence of access to information of a history of physical maltreatment on the evaluative responding of social service and clinical psychology professionals. Written vignettes were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to manipulate the: (a) presence/absence of abuse history; (b) presence/absence of behavior problems; and (c) gender of the child. Professionals rated children presented in 12 case vignettes along five treatment-related dimensions: (a) overall adjustment; (b) predicted 6 month temporal stability of behavior; (c) likelihood of treatment referral; (d) expected home intervention success; and (e) expected school intervention success. Four dimensions related …
Individual Differences In Response To Novelty, Amphetamine-Induced Activity And Drug Discrimination In Rats, Rick A. Bevins, J. E. Klebaur, M. T. Bardo
Individual Differences In Response To Novelty, Amphetamine-Induced Activity And Drug Discrimination In Rats, Rick A. Bevins, J. E. Klebaur, M. T. Bardo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Rats mere pre-tested in several individual difference screens - novelty-induced activity, novelty-induced place preference, novel-object interaction, and amphetamine-induced activity. Rats that were more sensitive to the locomotor effects of amphetamine were more active in an inescapable novel environment and displayed a greater preference for a novel environment. All animals were then trained to discriminate amphetamine (1 mg/kg) from saline in a two-bar discrimination procedure using food-maintained responding. After acquisition of the discrimination (mean =37 trials), two amphetamine generalization tests (0.0625,0.125,0.25,0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) were conducted. In the second generalization test, rats that were more sensitive to the activating effect …
The Family Situation Of Street Youth In Latin America: A Cross-National Review , Marcela Raffaelli
The Family Situation Of Street Youth In Latin America: A Cross-National Review , Marcela Raffaelli
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
One of the greatest social welfare challenges confronting Latin American nations is the growing number of children and adolescents seeking their survival on city streets. The presence of these apparently abandoned youngsters is not new (see Felsman, 1989; Peralta, 1992), but the number of street youths has been increasing steadily in recent years (Connolly, 1994; Durning, 1992). Although the exact numbers are disputed, most experts agree that millions of children and adolescents work and sometimes live on city streets in the developing countries of Latin America (UNICEF, 1989). In the face of what at times appears to be an insurmountable …
The P System: A Scheme For Organizing Pavlovian Procedures, Jose E. Burgos, Rick A. Bevins
The P System: A Scheme For Organizing Pavlovian Procedures, Jose E. Burgos, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present paper introduces the P system as a scheme for organizing Pavlovian procedures in an orderly and comprehensive manner. The system is defined by three temporal variables and three restrictions on their possible values. It can be used to define all standard temporal variables—namely, stimulus duration, interstimulus interval, trace interval, and intertrial interval—as well as variables C and T of scalar expectancy theory. The system also permits the definition of new independent variables through combinations of the basic temporal parameters. We exemplify this possibility by defining two ratios of temporal intervals. These ratios lead to a space where traditional …
Autobiographical Misremembering: John Dean Is Not Alone, Robert F. Belli, Howard Schuman, Benita Jackson
Autobiographical Misremembering: John Dean Is Not Alone, Robert F. Belli, Howard Schuman, Benita Jackson
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Survey respondents were asked to provide knowledge responses to public events and names that occurred as long ago as the 1930s and as recently as the 1980s. Respondents made errors that reflect the use of semantic and lexical memory systems, and reconstructive processes based on a semantic theme. Errors, as well as correct responses, are affected by whether the events originally occurred during the transition phase (early teens to mid-twenties). Responses indicate that events that occur during the transition phase are remembered better than events that occur during other life phases (in contradiction to the differential sampling hypothesis), but that …