Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Hand-Use Preferences For Reaching And Object Exploration In Children With Impaired Upper Extremity Functioning: The Role Of Environmental Affordances, Iryna Babik, Michele A. Lobo

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Infants and young children with weakened or impaired upper extremity functioning often develop a strong hand-use “preference” for reaching and object manipulation. While “preferring” their stronger hand, they often partially or completely ignore their “non-preferred” hand. Such manual lateralization might impede complex object exploration, which would negatively affect children’s cognitive development. The question is whether environmental affordances would significantly affect children’s manifested hand-use “preferences” by promoting the use of the “non-preferred” hand. The current sample included 17 children (5 males; 13.9 ± 8.7 months at baseline) with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (arthrogryposis). The reaching and object exploration of the children were …

Two Decades Of Coparenting Research: A Scoping Review, Cynthia G. Campbell

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In response to recent theoretical advances in coparenting and increased scholarly interest, coparenting research in resident families has burgeoned in the past twenty years making it difficult to assess primary findings. This review integrates findings from the research and provides an overview of supported conclusions, offering access to the research in a manageable and approachable form. Research evidence demonstrates how the characteristics of each parent, the state of their romantic relationship, the contexts in which they reside, and their child’s characteristics all influence how they function as a coparental team. Positive coparenting, in turn, leads to better marital relationships, greater …

Descriptive Norms Caused Increases In Mask Wearing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Samantha L. Heiman, Scott Claessens, Jessica D. Ayers, Diego Guevara Beltrán, Andrew Van Horn, Edward R. Hirt, Athena Aktipis, Peter M. Todd

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Human sociality is governed by two types of social norms: injunctive norms, which prescribe what people ought to do, and descriptive norms, which reflect what people actually do. The process by which these norms emerge and their causal influences on cooperative behavior over time are not well understood. Here, we study these questions through social norms influencing mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging 2 years of data from the United States (18 time points; n = 915), we tracked mask wearing and perceived injunctive and descriptive mask wearing norms as the pandemic unfolded. Longitudinal trends suggested that norms and …

Checking The Scales: A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Weight Concerns Scale In A Sample Of College-Aged Cisgender Men From The United States, Kyle M. Brasil, Callie E. Mims, Ryon C. Mcdermott, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Historically, western societies have considered body image issues to predominantly affect young, White women. While in recent years men’s body image issues have been increasingly highlighted by researchers and the media alike, many instruments currently used to identify clinically significant body image disturbances were developed and validated with samples solely of women and/or girls. One such measure, Killen et al.’s (1994) Weight Concerns Scale (WCS), was initially validated in a sample of adolescent girls. The WCS has yet to be validated in samples of men, despite being used in large national surveys of college men and women (e.g., the Healthy …

Unpredictable Needs Are Associated With Lower Expectations Of Repayment, Jessica D. Ayers

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Sometimes people help one another expecting to be repaid, while at other times people help without an expectation of repayment. What might underlie this difference in expectations of repayment? We investigate this question in a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 915), and find that people are more likely to expect repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable. We then replicate these findings in a new sample of US adults (N = 417), and show that people have higher expectations of repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable because people assign greater …

The Effect Of Start-Play Intervention On Reaching-Related Exploratory Behaviors In Children With Neuromotor Delays: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Iryna Babik

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aims

Children with neuromotor delays are at risk for reaching and object exploration impairments, which may negatively affect their cognitive development and daily activity performance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Sitting Together And Reaching To Play (START-Play) intervention on reaching-related exploratory behaviors in children with neuromotor delays.

Methods

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 112 children (Mean = 10.80, SD = 2.59 months old at baseline) with motor delays were randomly assigned to receive START-Play intervention or usual care-early intervention. Performance for ten reaching-related exploratory behaviors was assessed at baseline and 1.5, 3, 6, 12 months post-baseline. …