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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

A Mathematical Analysis Of Drug Dissolution In The Usp Flow Through Apparatus, David Mcdonnell, Deirdre M. D'Arcy, Lawrence J. Crane, Brendan Redmond Oct 2017

A Mathematical Analysis Of Drug Dissolution In The Usp Flow Through Apparatus, David Mcdonnell, Deirdre M. D'Arcy, Lawrence J. Crane, Brendan Redmond

Articles

This paper applies boundary layer theory to the process of drug dissolution in the USP (United States Pharmacopeia) Flow Through Apparatus. The mass transfer rate from the vertical planar surface of a compact within the device is examined. The theoretical results obtained are then compared with those of experiment. The paper also examines the effect on the dissolution process caused by the interaction between natural and forced convection within the apparatus and the introduction of additional boundaries.


Broadband Acoustic Measurement Of The Agar-Based Tissue Mimicking Material – A Longitudinal Study, Adela Rabell-Montiel, Jacinta Browne, Stephen Pye, Tom Anderson, Carmel Moran Jul 2017

Broadband Acoustic Measurement Of The Agar-Based Tissue Mimicking Material – A Longitudinal Study, Adela Rabell-Montiel, Jacinta Browne, Stephen Pye, Tom Anderson, Carmel Moran

Articles

Commercially available ultrasound quality assurance test phantoms rely upon the long-term acoustic stability of tissue-mimicking-materials (TMMs). The measurement of the acoustic properties can be technically challenging and it is important to ensure its stability. The standard technique is to film-wrap samples of TMM and to measure the acoustic properties in a water bath. In this study, a modified technique is proposed whereby the samples of TMM are measured in a preserving fluid that is intended to maintain their characteristics. The acoustic properties were evaluated using a broadband pulse-echo substitution technique over the frequency range of 4.5 – 50 MHz at …


Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa Jun 2017

Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa

Articles

Infrared spectroscopy is a reliable, rapid and cost effective characterisation technique, delivering a molecular finger print of the sample. It is expected that its sensitivity would enable detection of small chemical variations in biological samples associated with disease. ATR-IR is particularly suitable for liquid sample analysis and, although air drying is commonly performed before data collection, just a drop of human serum is enough for screening and early diagnosis. However, the dynamic range of constituent biochemical concentrations in the serum composition remains a limiting factor to the reliability of the technique. Using glucose as a model spike in human serum, …


Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implant Retention Systems: A Critical Review., Hugh Byrne, Marina L. Pimentel Jun 2017

Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implant Retention Systems: A Critical Review., Hugh Byrne, Marina L. Pimentel

Articles

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to provide information on the different available techniques for implant-supported prosthetic retention, which are bar-clip, o-ring or magnets. Through presenting the practitioner preferences reported in literature, although limited from strict comparison due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and studied individuals, this review aims to identify the choices for maxillofacial prosthesis implant retention systems, regarding patient comfort and good aesthetic outcome, as an aid to surgical and prosthetic planning for implant-supported extraoral maxillofacial prosthetics. With proper knowledge of each implant retention system, a practitioner can design a treatment plan which allows for a …


Retention Systems For Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthetic Implants: A Critical Review, M.V. Cobein, N.P. Coto, O. Crivello Junior, J.B.D. Lemos, L.M. Vieira, M.L. Pimentel, Hugh Byrne, R.B. Dias Jan 2017

Retention Systems For Extraoral Maxillofacial Prosthetic Implants: A Critical Review, M.V. Cobein, N.P. Coto, O. Crivello Junior, J.B.D. Lemos, L.M. Vieira, M.L. Pimentel, Hugh Byrne, R.B. Dias

Articles

We describe the techniques available for retention of implant-supported prostheses: bar-clips, O-rings, and magnets. We present reported preferences and, although this is limited by the heterogeneity of methods used and patients studied, we hope we have identified the best retention systems for maxillofacial prosthetic implants. If practitioners know the advantages and disadvantages of each system, they can choose the most natural and comfortable prosthesis. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and restricted our search to papers published 2001–13. MeSH terms used were Maxillofacial prosthesis and Craniofacial prosthesis OR Craniofacial prostheses. We found a total of 2630 papers, and after …


Advancing Vibrational Spectroscopy For Cellular And Sub Cellular Analysis: Raman Spectroscopy As An In Vitro Chemotherapeutic Screeening And Assessment Protocol, Zeineb Farhane Jan 2017

Advancing Vibrational Spectroscopy For Cellular And Sub Cellular Analysis: Raman Spectroscopy As An In Vitro Chemotherapeutic Screeening And Assessment Protocol, Zeineb Farhane

Doctoral

Vibrational spectroscopy, including Raman micro-spectroscopy, has attracted considerable attention over the last few years, as a powerful, non-invasive tool for clinical applications, especially in cancer diagnosis, in vivo and ex vivo. As a molecular fingerprinting technique with optical resolution, Raman micro-spectroscopy is able to monitor biochemical processes, drug uptake, efficacy and mode of action and mechanisms of interaction of chemotherapeutic drugs at a subcellular level. In vitro applications may be more strategically achievable, and can help guide drug design and discovery, and eventually evaluate To this end, different lung cell lines were used and Raman micro-spectroscopy was coupled to valuable …


Linking Atr-Ftir And Raman Features To Phenolic Extractability And Other Attributes In Grape Skin, Hugh Byrne, Abigain Rooney, Julio Nogales-Bueno, Jose Miguel Hernandez-Hierro, Francisco Jose Heredia Jan 2017

Linking Atr-Ftir And Raman Features To Phenolic Extractability And Other Attributes In Grape Skin, Hugh Byrne, Abigain Rooney, Julio Nogales-Bueno, Jose Miguel Hernandez-Hierro, Francisco Jose Heredia

Articles

The importance of wine phenolics on the sensory characteristic of red wines is well-known. Therefore, it is necessary to control the extractability of phenolic compounds from grape skins, which depends significantly on grape ripeness and hence, on cell wall degradation.

In the present study, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra of grape skin have been recorded. Then, these spectral matrices have been studied and the main spectral features have been linked to extractabilities of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavanols and total phenols). Moreover, spectral differences between external and internal grape skin surfaces also have been studied.

It …


Determination Of Spectral Markers Of Cytotoxicity And Genotoxicity Using In Vitro Raman Microspectroscopy: Cellular Responses To Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Exposure, Esen Efeoglu, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne Jan 2017

Determination Of Spectral Markers Of Cytotoxicity And Genotoxicity Using In Vitro Raman Microspectroscopy: Cellular Responses To Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Exposure, Esen Efeoglu, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Although consumer exposure to nanomaterials is ever increasing, with potential increased applications in areas such as drug and/or gene delivery, contrast agents and diagnosis, determination of cyto- and geno- toxic effect of nanomaterials on human health and the environment still remains challenging. Although many techniques have been established and adapted to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nano-sized materials, these techniques remain limited by the number of assays required, total cost, use of labels and they struggle to explain the underlying interaction mechanisms. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy is employed as an in vitro label free high content screening technique …