Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mechanisms Of Fatigue Differ After Low- And High-Force Fatiguing Contractions In Men And Women, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie A. Schlinder-Delap, Erin E. Griffith, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The magnitude of failure in voluntary drive after fatiguing contractions of different intensities in men and women is not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the time to task failure and voluntary activation of men and women for a sustained isometric contraction performed at a low and high intensity with the elbow flexor muscles. Nine men and nine women sustained an isometric contraction at 20% and 80% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force until task failure during separate sessions. The men had a shorter time to failure than women for the 20% but not the 80% MVC …

Intervention To Enhance Skilled Arm And Hand Movements After Stroke: A Feasibility Study Using A New Virtual Reality System, Jill Campbell Stewart Pt,Phd, Shih-Ching Yeh, Younbo Jung, Hyunjin Yoon

Faculty Publications

Background: Rehabilitation programs designed to develop skill in upper extremity (UE) function after stroke require progressive practice that engage and challenge the learner. Virtual realty (VR) provides a unique environment where the presentation of stimuli can be controlled systematically for optimal challenge by adapting task difficulty as performance improves. We describe four VR tasks that were developed and tested to improve arm and hand movement skills for individuals with hemiparesis. Methods: Two participants with chronic post-stroke paresis and different levels of motor severity attended 12 training sessions lasting 1 to 2 hours each over a 3-week period. Behavior measures and …

The Physiological Consequences Of Bed Rest, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Daniel G. Drury

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Bed rest often is used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions. However, bed rest results in profound deconditioning of the body. Bed rest reduces the hydrostatic pressure gradient within the cardiovascular system, reduces muscle force production, virtually eliminates compression on the bones, and lowers total energy expenditure. This review focuses on the deconditioning that occurs in the cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal systems following bed rest. Reduction in plasma volume reduces cardiac preload, stroke volume, cardiac output, and ultimately, maximal oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle volume, muscle cross sectional area, and fiber cross sectional area decrease, which results in diminished …

Bactericidal And Cytotoxic Effects Of Chloramine-T On Wound Pathogens And Human Fibroblasts In Vitro, Luther C. Kloth, Joseph E. Berman, Linda Jean Laatsch-Lybeck, Phyllis A. Kirchner

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cytotoxicity and bactericidal effects of chloramine-T.

METHODS: In vitro study of various concentrations and exposure times to preparations containing human fibroblasts or 1.5 x 10⁸ colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of 3 gram-positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis-and 2 gram-negative bacteria-Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-with and without fetal bovine serum present.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage reduction of bacterial growth and percentage of viable fibroblasts 48 hours after exposure.

RESULTS: All gram-positive growth was reduced by 95% to 100%, regardless of dose, with or without serum. …

Co-Localization Of P-Creb And P-Nr1 In Spinothalamic Neurons In A Chronic Muscle Pain Model, Marie K. Hoeger Bement, Kathleen A. Sluka

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Activation of the cAMP pathway is an important mediator of chronic muscle pain. This study examined phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response-element-binding protein (p-CREB) and the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (p-NR1) in the spinal cord. Bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia of the paw was induced by administering two injections of acidic saline, 5 days apart, into the gastrocnemius muscle of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The proportion of spinothalamic neurons that expressed p-NR1 or p-CREB did not change in the dorsal horn 24 h after the second intramuscular acid injection compared with animals that received pH 7.2 injections. This lack of change …

Antibacterial Activity Of Positive And Negative Polarity Low-Voltage Pulsed Current (Lvpc) On Six Typical Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Of Chronic Wounds, Georg Daeschlein, Ojan Assadian, Luther C. Kloth, Christina Meinl, Frank Ney, Axel Kramer

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

The positive effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on wound healing has been shown in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of increased blood flow, protein denaturation, and stimulation of cellular defense, an antibacterial effect of ES is to be expected. Although the antibacterial effect of ES already has been demonstrated in vitro, little attention has been paid to the direct antibacterial effect of changing polarity of the applied current. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of positive and negative monophasic low-voltage pulsed current on typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of chronic wounds. Using the …

The Relationship Between Ankle, Hindfoot, And Forefoot Position And Posterior Tibial Muscle Excursion, Adolph S. Flemister, Christopher G. Neville, Jeff Houck

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of forefoot position in the transverse plane (abduction/adduction), hindfoot position in the frontal plane (eversion/inversion), and ankle position in the sagittal plane (plantarflexion/dorsiflexion) with posterior tibialis (PT) muscle excursion using an in vitro cadaver model.

Methods: Seven fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were potted and mounted on a frame. The PT tendon was dissected 15 cm proximal to the medial malleolus, and a 5-kg weight was sutured to the tendon. A six-camera motion analysis system (Optotrak, Northern Digital, Inc.) was used to track three-dimensional (3D) motion of the tibia, calcaneus (hindfoot) …

A Case Study Of School Age Female Minority Athletes Who Became Pregnant, Floyd Jones Phd, Jennifer Y. Mak, Phyllis A. Jones Ed

Management Faculty Research

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of ''What had happened to the urban minority female athletes who became pregnant while playing high school basketball?'' The study wanted to provide a qualitative analysis of rich narrative data collected from questionnaire interviews of two separate groups (one in Pittsburgh, the other in New York City). The findings of this study suggest that in fact urban female African-Americans athletes still received benefits from sports participation.

Point/Counterpoint: Are Specific Spine Stabilization Exercises Necessary For Athletes?, J. Gray, Jason Brumitt, Loren Z.F. Chiu

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

The issue of spine stabilization has received considerable attention in recent years; although there are many proponents for specific training of spinal musculature, there is debate as to whether it is beneficial and required for athletes.

Influence Of Anticipation On Movement Patterns In Subjects With Acl Deficiency Classified As Noncopers, Jeff R. Houck, Kenneth E. De Haven, Mike Maloney

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Study Design: Two-factor, mixed experimental design.

Objectives: To compare movement patterns of subjects who are anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and classified as noncopers to controls during early stance of anticipated and unanticipated straight and cutting tasks.

Background: Altered neuromuscular control of subjects that are ACL deficient and noncoper theoretically influences movement patterns during unanticipated tasks.

Methods and Measures: The study included 16 subjects who are ACL deficient, classified as noncopers, and 20 healthy controls. Data were collected using an Optotrak Motion Analysis System and force plate integrated with Motion Monitor Software to generate knee joint angles, moments, and power. …

Effects Of Ingesting Javafit Energy Extreme Functional Coffee On Aerobic And Anaerobic Fitness Markers In Recreationally-Active Coffee Consumers, M. D. Roberts, L. W. Taylor, J. A. Wismann, C. D. Wilborn, R. B. Kreider, D. S. Willoughby

Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Acute Effects Of Ingesting Java Fit™ Energy Extreme Functional Coffee On Resting Energy Expenditure And Hemodynamic Responses In Male And Female Coffee Drinkers, L. W. Taylor, C. D. Wilborn, T. Harvey, J. A. Wismann, D. S. Willoughby

Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Comparing The Anatomical Consistency Of The Posterior Superior Iliac Spine To The Iliac Crest As Reference Landmarks For The Lumbopelvic Spine: A Retrospective Radiological Study, J. Mcgaugh, J. M. Brismée, G. S. Dedrick, E. A. Jones, P. S. Sizer

Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Trial And Error Versus Errorless Learning Of Functional Skills In Patients With Acute Stroke, Julie Mount, Samuel R. Pierce, Janet Parker, Rebecca Diegidio, Russell Woessner, Lenore Spiegel

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of errorless learning versus trial and error learning for teaching activities of daily living to patients with acute stroke with or without explicit memory impairments.

Design: Randomized crossover.

Setting: Rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: 33 adult subjects following an acute stroke.

Intervention: Subjects were taught to prepare a wheelchair for a transfer and to put on a sock with a sock-donner. Tasks were taught using errorless learning or trial and error learning. Explicit memory was assessed using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam.

Main Outcome Measures: Days until subject was able to …

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation And Indicators Of Muscle Damage After Endurance Exercise, Beau K. Greer, John L. Woodard, Jim P. White, Eric M. Arguello, Emily M. Haymes

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation attenuates indirect indicators of muscle damage during endurance exercise as compared with an isocaloric, carbohydrate (CHO) beverage or a noncaloric placebo (PLAC) beverage. Nine untrained men performed three 90-min cycling bouts at 55% VO_2peak. Subjects, blinded to beverage selection, ingested a total of 200 kcal of energy via the CHO or BCAA beverage before and at 60 min of exercise, or they drank the PLAC beverage. Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic leg-extension and -flexion torque, and muscle soreness were assessed before and …

Critical Thinking And Evidence-Based Practice In Problem-Based Learning Tutorial Groups: A Critical Case Study, Joanne M. Bortone

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

Little research has investigated how problembased learning (PBL) instruction influences students' critical thinking and evidence-based practice. This research sought to ascertain if PBL instructional practices facilitated critical thinking and EBP; identify those practices; and, identify changes students made in tutorials.

A qualitative, twocase, critical case study design used pretest and posttests of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) (Facione, 1990) and Self-Evaluation of EBP adapted from Straus et al. (2005) to select the critical case sample. Students who made the greatest gains from pre to posttest scores met selection criteria for the critical case sample and were invited to …

Electromyographic Data Do Not Support A Progressive Recruitment Of Muscle Fibers During Exercise Exhibiting A Vo2 Slow Component, Daniel T. Cannon, Fred W. Kolkhorst, Daniel Cipriani

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

The origin of the slow component (SC) of oxygen uptake kinetics, presenting during exercise above the ventilatory threshold (VT), remains unclear. Possible physiologic mechanisms include a progressive recruitment of type II muscle fibers. The purpose of this study was to examine alterations in muscle activity through electromyography (EMG) and mean power frequency (MPF) analysis during heavy cycling exercise. Eight trained cyclists (mean±S.E.; age=30±3 years, height=177±4 cm, weight=73.8±6.5 kg, VO2max=4.33±0.28lmin−1) completed transitions from 20 W to a workload equaling 50% of the difference between VT and VO2max. VO2 was monitored using a breath-by-breath measurement system, and EMG data were gathered from …

Influence Of A Functional Knee Brace And Exercise On Lower Extremity Kinematics During Jogging, Brian M. Campbell, Daniel Cipriani, James A. Yaggie

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

ABSTRACT Context: Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee joint. Objective: To determine if alterations in sagittal plane lower extremity kinematics remain evident throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals. Design: 2X5 repeated measures design. Setting: Biomechanics Laboratory. Subjects: Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups. Intervention: A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments. Main Outcome Measures: Synchronized three-dimensional …