Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration On Lower Extremity Muscle Performance In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Kurt Jackson, Harold Merriman, Paul Vanderburgh, C. Brahler

C. Jayne Brahler

Background and Purpose: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a relatively new form of exercise training that may influence muscle performance. This study investigated the acute effects of high (26 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency WBV on isometric muscle torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Participants and Method: Fifteen individuals (mean age = 54.6 years, SD = 9.6) with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-6.5 (mean = 4.2, SD = 2.3) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Following baseline measures of isometric quadricep and hamstring torque, subjects were exposed to …

Sedentary Behavior And Related Factors Among Full-Time, University Faculty, Anna Greer, Mary Keenan

Anna E. Greer

Purpose– Sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity, is a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality. Little is known about factors related to sedentary behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the demographic characteristics, perceived physical activity (PA) environment, and PA behaviors of 72 full-time, university faculty members. Design/methodology/approach– For this cross-sectional study, data were collected online using Survey Monkey®. Findings– Participants spent an average of 473 and 328 minutes/weekend day in sedentary activity. There was a positive correlation between minutes spent in vigorous PA and minutes spent sedentary while watching TV …

Trail User Demographics, Physical Activity Behaviors, And Perceptions Of A Newly Constructed Greenway Trail, Anna Greer, Julian Reed, Suresh Muthukrishnan

Anna E. Greer

To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; trail users’ purpose for using the trail; the distance trail users traveled to access the trail from their homes; channels through which trail users learned about the trail; and trail characteristics liked by trail users. Using a valid and reliable intercept survey, 1,148 trail users were interviewed. Trail users were mostly white (93.1%), male (59.1%) adults (84.2%) who …

Sex Differences In Response To Cognitive Stress During A Fatiguing Contraction, Tejin Yoon, Manda Keller, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, April Harkins, Romuald Lepers, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study compared the time to task failure for a submaximal fatiguing contraction in the presence and absence of a cognitive stressor in men and women. In study 1, 10 men and 10 women (22 ± 3 yr of age) performed an isometric fatiguing contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction force until task failure with the elbow flexor muscles during two separate sessions. Subjects performed a mental-math task during one of the fatiguing contractions that aimed to increase anxiety and stress (stressor session). Salivary cortisol and reported levels of arousal (visual analog scale for anxiety, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores) …

Suprasinal Fatigue Impedes Recovery From A Low-Intensity Sustained Contraction In Old Adults, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Manda Keller, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction. Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 years, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 years, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 min vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 …

Supraspinal Fatigue Impedes Recovery From A Low-Intensity Sustained Contraction In Old Adults, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Manda Keller, Sandra Hunter

Bonnie A Schlinder-Delap Mrs.

This study determined the contribution of supraspinal fatigue and contractile properties to the age difference in neuromuscular fatigue during and recovery from a low-intensity sustained contraction. Cortical stimulation was used to evoke measures of voluntary activation and muscle relaxation during and after a contraction sustained at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure with elbow flexor muscles in 14 young adults (20.9 ± 3.6 yr, 7 men) and 14 old adults (71.6 ± 5.4 yr, 7 men). Old adults exhibited a longer time to task failure than the young adults (23.8 ± 9.0 vs. 11.5 ± 3.9 min, …

Body Mass Bias In Exercise Physiology, Paul Vanderburgh

Paul M. Vanderburgh

In certain physically demanding occupations, especially the military, body mass bias has substantive implications. Work physiologists have determined that despite body mass bias in the common military physical fitness tests, the larger service members were often better performers of the physically demanding occupational tasks (Bilzon et al., 2002; Lyons et al., 2005; Rayson et al., 2000). That is, they could carry more, more easily evacuate casualties, and better engage in heavy materiel handling. Yet, the smaller personnel were achieving better scores on the physical fitness tests, the results of which have significant promotion and advancement implications (Vanderburgh & Mahar , …

Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, Manraj Kaur, Saurabh Mehta

Saurabh Mehta

The Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire (CPGQ) is a seven item instrument designed to evaluate overall severity of chronic pain based on two dimensions, pain intensity and pain-related disability, in individuals who suffer from chronic pain that has lasted for at least six months. The notion of graded classification of chronic pain severity was derived from the dysfunctional chronic pain concept provided by Turk and Rudy (1988). The two disability items were adopted from the Multidimensional Pain inventory (Von Korff et al 1992).

Enhanced Proprioceptive Acuity At The Knee In The Competitive Athlete, Carol Courtney, Rose Rine, Drew Jenk, P. Collier, Andrew Waters

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study: cross-sectional.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if proprioception, measured by the threshold to detection of passive motion (TDPM), differed in individuals who regularly participate in moderate-intensity exercise for fitness as compared to individuals involved in high-intensity skilled exercise.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has been equivocal as to whether exercise training is associated with superior proprioceptive acuity, in particular, exercise that includes dynamic postural challenges such as cutting and pivoting.

METHODS: Two groups of 25 healthy individuals (18-32 years old) were recruited. One group consisted of individuals who performed moderate-activity level exercises for 5 to 10 hours per …

Vestibular Function Assessment Using The Nih Toolbox, Rose Rine, Michael Schubert, Susan Whitney, Dale Roberts, Mark Redfern, Mark Musolino, Jennica Roche, Daniel Steed, Bree Corbin, Chia-Cheng Lin, Greg Marchetti, Jennifer Beaumont, John Carey, Neil Shepard, Gary Jacobson, Diane Wrisley, Howard Hoffman, Gabriel Furman, Jerry Slotkin

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

Objective: Development of an easy to administer, low-cost test of vestibular function. Methods: Members of the NIH Toolbox Sensory Domain Vestibular, Vision, and Motor subdomain teams collaborated to identify 2 tests: 1) Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA), and 2) the Balance Accelerometry Measure (BAM). Extensive work was completed to identify and develop appropriate software and hardware. More than 300 subjects between the ages of 3 and 85 years, with and without vestibular dysfunction, were recruited and tested. Currently accepted gold standard measures of static visual acuity, vestibular function, dynamic visual acuity, and balance were performed to determine validity. Repeat testing was …

Motor Assessment Using The Nih Toolbox, David Reuben, Susan Magasi, Heather Mccreath, Richard Bohannon, Ying-Chih Wang, Deborah Bubela, William Rymer, Jennifer Beaumont, Rose Rine, Jin-Shei Lai, Richard Gershon

Rose Marie Rine P.T., Ph.D.

Motor function involves complex physiologic processes and requires the integration of multiple systems, including neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and cardiopulmonary, and neural motor and sensory-perceptual systems. Motor-functional status is indicative of current physical health status, burden of disease, and long-term health outcomes, and is integrally related to daily functioning and quality of life. Given its importance to overall neurologic health and function, motor function was identified as a key domain for inclusion in the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIH Toolbox). We engaged in a 3-stage developmental process to: 1) identify key subdomains and candidate measures for inclusion …

Management Of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Regina Sacco, David Burmeister, Valerie Rupp, Marna Greenberg

Marna R Greenberg DO, MPH, FACEP

BACKGROUND: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common presenting problem. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation (maneuver) vs. conventional therapy (medications) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with BPPV. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-blinded physician, randomized pilot study comparing two groups of patients who presented to the ED with a diagnosis of BPPV at a Level 1 trauma center with an annual census of approximately 75,000. The first group received standard medications and the second group received a canalith repositioning maneuver. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory was used to measure symptom resolution. …

Stressor-Induced Increase In Muscle Fatigability Of Young Men And Women Is Predicted By Strength But Not Voluntary Activation, Manda Keller-Ross, Hugo Pereia, Jaclyn Pruse, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Kristy Nielson, Sandra Hunter

Kristy Nielson

This study investigated mechanisms for the stressor-induced changes in muscle fatigability in men and women. Participants performed an isometric-fatiguing contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until failure with the elbow flexor muscles. Study one (n = 55; 29 women) involved two experimental sessions: 1) a high-stressor session that required a difficult mental-math task before and during a fatiguing contraction and 2) a control session with no mental math. For some participants (n = 28; 14 women), cortical stimulation was used to examine mechanisms that contributed to muscle fatigability during the high-stressor and control sessions. Study two (n = 23; …

Processing Of Model Calling Songs By The Prothoracic An2 Neurone And Phonotaxis Are Significantly Correlated In Individual Female Gryllus Bimaculatus, Leslie Samuel, Andreas Stumpner, Gordon Atkins, John Stout

Leslie Samuel

Syllable period (SP) selective calling song processing has been demonstrated for the prothoracic, AN2 auditory neurone that correlates very well with SP-selective phonotaxis by female cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer. Both SP-selective processing by the AN2 and the phonotactic behavior of the female exhibit substantial plasticity. Thus, the question remains as to whether the selective responses of the AN2 neurone and the selective behavior of the female match in an individual female. The present study is designed to answer that question. The SP-selective phonotactic behavior of individual females is evaluated, followed immediately by measuring the SP-selective responses of the same …

Rasch Analysis Supports The Use Of The Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Scales To Measure Mood In Groups But Not In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Luke Parkitny, James Mcauley, David Walton, Leonardo Pena Costa, Kathryn Refshauge, Benedict Wand, Flavia Di Pietro, G Moseley

David Walton

Objective: Chronic pain is a common problem that is associated with mood disorders such as depression. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire is commonly used to help measure disordered mood. In this study, we used Rasch analysis to analyze the clinimetric properties of the DASS-21 in a chronic low back pain sample. Study Design and Setting: A Rasch analysis was conducted on data collected as a part of a randomized hospital-based placebo-controlled trial. DASS-21 questionnaires were completed by the 154 enrolled participants. Results: The DASS-21 subscales fit the Rasch model. No differential item functioning was detected for age, …

Pressure Pain Threshold Testing Demonstrates Predictive Ability In People With Acute Whiplash., David Walton

David Walton

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors For Persistent Problems Following Whiplash Injury: Results Of A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, David Walton

David Walton

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Sensorimotor Disturbance Between Subjects With Persistent Whiplash Associated Disorder And Subjects With Acoustic Neuromas, Julia Treleaven, Nancy Low Choy, Ross Darnell, Ben Panizza, David Brown-Rothwell, Gwendolen Jull

Nancy Low Choy

Objective
To determine if differences exist in reported symptoms and in outcomes of sensorimotor tests (cervical joint position error [JPE], neck-influenced eye movement control, postural stability) between subjects with persistent whiplash and subjects with unilateral vestibular pathology associated with acoustic neuroma.

Design
Repeated measures, case controlled.

Setting
Tertiary institution and metropolitan hospital.

Participants
Twenty subjects with persistent whiplash, 20 subjects with acoustic neuroma, and 20 control subjects.

Interventions
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures
Symptom descriptors, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (short form), measures of cervical JPE, the smooth pursuit neck torsion (SPNT) test, and forceplate measures of postural stability in comfortable and …

Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test In Whiplash Associated Disorders - Relationship To Self Reports Of Neck Pain And Disability, Dizziness And Anxiety, Julia Treleaven, Gwendolen Jull, Nancy Low Choy

Nancy Low Choy

Objective:
The smooth pursuit neck torsion test is thought to be a measure of neck afferent influence on eye movement control and is useful in assessing subjects with whiplash, especially those complaining of dizziness. Nevertheless, it is not known whether impairments identified relate only to abnormal cervical afferentation or are influenced by levels of anxiety or neck pain.

Design:
A prospective, 3-group, observational design.

Subjects:
One hundred subjects with persistent whiplash (50 complaining of dizziness, 50 not complaining of dizziness) and 50 healthy controls.

Methods:
The smooth pursuit neck torsion test was performed and analysed taking into account subjects' reported …

Standing Balance In Persistent Wad – Comparison Between Subjects With And Without Dizziness, Julia Treleaven, Gwendolen Jull, Nancy Low Choy

Nancy Low Choy

Objective:
Dizziness and unsteadiness, associated with altered balance, are frequent complaints in subjects suffering persistent whiplash associated disorders. Research has been inconclusive with respect to possible aetiology. This study assessed balance responses in subjects with whiplash associated disorders, taking into account several possible causes.

Design:
A prospective, 3 group, observational design.

Subjects:
100 subjects with persistent whiplash associated disorders, 50 complaining of dizziness, 50 not complaining of dizziness and 50 healthy controls.

Methods:

The Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance was performed in both comfortable and tandem stance. The sway trace was analysed using wavelet analysis.

Conclusion:
The results …

Shoulder Pain, Range Of Movement And Functional Recovery After Acute Tetraplegia, Susan Salisbury, Nancy Low Choy, Jennifer Nitz

Nancy Low Choy

Objectives:
To investigate (1) the prevalence and course of shoulder pain in acute tetraplegia and (2) its relationship with range of motion (ROM) and function and any associated risk factors.

Design:
A longitudinal prospective study.

Setting:
Spinal injury unit in an Australian hospital.

Participants:
Inpatients with acute tetraplegia.

Interventions:
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographics, pain intensity, shoulder ROM, and functional motor skills.

Results:
The prevalence of pain during rehabilitation was 85%. Risk factors associated with pain during rehabilitation included age less than 30 years or more than 50 years (F 8.892, P .064), admission motor level at C2-5 (F …