Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Compounds From The Stem Bark Of Goniothalamus Tapisoides Mat Salleh, Kok Hoong Leong

Kok Hoong Leong

Eleven compounds:goniomicin A (1), goniomicin B (2), goniomicin C (3), goniomicin D (4), tapisoidin (5), goniothalamin (6), 9-deoxygoniopypyrone (7), pterodondiol (8), liriodenine (9), benzamide (10) and cinnamic acid (11), were isolated from the stem bark of Goniothalamus tapisoides. All compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and, for known compounds, by comparison with published data. Goniothalamin (6) exhibited mild cytotoxic activity towards a colon cancer cell line (HT-29), with an IC50value of 64.17 ± 5.60 μM. Goniomicin B (2) give the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay among all compounds tested, with an IC50 of 0.207 μM.

Dynamic Cost-Effectiveness Of Oncology Drugs, Yang Lu, John Penrod, Neeraj Sood, Saarah Woodby, Tomas Philipson

Yang Lu

Objective: To develop a methodology for computing cost-effectiveness measures of a drug throughout its life cycle.

Study Design: We developed a set of models that measure the long-term cost-effectiveness of 2 oncology drugs, paclitaxel and docetaxel, throughout their life cycles.

Methods: The study combined pricing history of the drugs, US Food and Drug Administration approval dates, drug utilization from Medicare claims, and clinical effectiveness information from phase III studies reported in the scientific literature. These data were used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) at the time of market entry and by year thereafter. The study population included patients …

Environews #2, Nov. 10, 2012, Richard Philp

Richard B. Philp

This issue of Environews covers the astounding infant health problems associated with the residue of radioactivity from depleted uranium artillery shells used in Iraq, the importance of marine microbes to ocean productivity and carbon fixing, and the weakening of environmental protection by the government of Canada through changes to protective legislation.

Reviewing The American University Law Review On Extraterritoriality: A Critical Response To Viki Economides, Note, Tianrui Group Co. V. Itc: The Dubious Status Of Extraterritoriality And The Domestic Industry Requirement Requirement Of Section 337(Link), Jonathan R. K. Stroud

Jonathan R. K. Stroud

Recently, the Federal Circuit upheld the Commission’s decision to exclude goods based on a trade secret violation that largely happened abroad. The American University Law Review critiqued that decision on two grounds: First, that a presumption against extraterritorial application of U.S. law applied; and second, that licensing alone could not establish a domestic industry. The American University Law Review's critique remains incomplete, however, as the Federal Circuit correctly decided the case for at least two reasons. first, the Federal Circuit correctly applied the “extraterritorial presumption” canon of construction; and second, the recent Federal Circuit decision in InterDigital Communications LLC v. …

Environews #1, Richard B. Philp

Richard B. Philp

Environews #1 is, hopefuly, the first of a series dealing with current issues of environmental concern. This issue discusses the possible role of climate change in the massive floods that followed hurricane sandy, depletion of the world's fish stocks, the possible role, bothe positive and negative, of aquaculture, and the trend to seek oil in increasingly environmentally dangerous venues.

Target Repurposing For Neglected Diseases, Michael P. Pollastri, Robert K. Campbell

Michael Pollastri

Infectious diseases are an enormous burden to global health, and since drug discovery is costly, those infectious diseases that affect the developing world are often not pursued by commercial drug discovery efforts. Therefore, pragmatic means by which new therapeutics can be discovered are needed. One such approach is target repurposing, where pathogen targets are matched with homologous human targets that have been pursued for drug discovery for other indications. In many cases, the medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and biochemistry knowledge around these human targets can be directly repurposed to launch and accelerate new drug discovery efforts against the pathogen targets. …

Triterpenes And Steroids From The Leaves Of Aglaia Exima (Meliaceae), Kok Hoong Leong

Kok Hoong Leong

A study on the leaves of Aglaia exima led to the isolation of one new and seven known compounds: six triterpenoids and two steroids. Their structures were elucidated and analyzed mainly by using spectroscopic methods; 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, UV spectrometry and X-ray. All the triterpenoids and steroids were measured in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against eight cancer cell lines; lung (A549), prostate (DU-145), skin (SK-MEL-5), pancreatic (BxPC-3), liver (Hep G2), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and (MDA-MB-231). The new cycloartane triterpenoid, 24(E)-cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one 1, showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HT-29) cancer cell line (IC50 11.5 μM).

Therapeutic Options In The Management Of Sleep Disorders In Visually Impaired Children: A Systematic Review, Sohil Khan, Helen Heussler, Treasure Mcguire, Carolyn Dakin, David Pache, Ross Norris, David Cooper, Bruce Charles

Treasure McGuire

Background: Treatment of sleep disorders in visually impaired children is complicated by a complex pathophysiology, a high incidence of sleep disorders in this population, and a dearth of management options. The significant impact on the health of these children and distress to their caregivers warrant a systematic assessment of the published literature on therapeutic approaches. Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the current therapeutic options in the management of sleep disorders in visually impaired children to identify knowledge gaps and guide future research. Methods: A search of primary literature was conducted using the bibliographic databases PubMed (1980-August 2010), EMBASE …

Library Impact Statement For Bps 555 Protein Molecular Modeling, Michael Vocino

michael c vocino

Library Impact Statement for BPS 555 Protein Molecular Modeling. No new resources were required to support this course.

Analysis Of Expansion Of Myeloid Progenitors In Mice To Identify Leukemic Susceptibility Genes, Vincent Sollars, Ed Pequignot, Jay Rothstein, Arthur Buchberg

Vincent E Sollars

The myeloid progenitor cell compartment (MPC) exhibits pronounced expansion in human myeloid leukemias. It is becoming more apparent that progression of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative diseases to acute myelogenous leukemia is the result of defects in progenitor cell maturation. The MPC of bone marrow was analyzed in mice using a cell culture assay for measuring the relative frequency of proliferative myeloid progenitors. Response to the cytokines SCF, IL-3, and GMCSF was determined by this assay for the leukemic mouse strain BXH-2 and ten other inbred mouse strains. Significant differences were found to exist among ten inbred mouse strains in the …

Pharmacological Modulation Of Cgmp Levels By Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors As A Therapeutic Strategy For Treatment Of Respiratory Pathology In Cystic Fibrosis., Hongwei Yu, Jens Poschet, Graham Timmons, Jennifer Taylor-Cousar, Wojciech Ornatowski, Joseph Fazio, Elizabeth Perkett, Kari Wilson, Hugo De Jonge, Vojo Deretic

Hongwei Yu

The CFTR gene encodes a chloride channel with pleiotropic effects on cell physiology and metabolism. Here, we show that increasing cGMP levels to inhibit epithelial Na(+) channel in cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory epithelial cells corrects several aspects of the downstream pathology in CF. Cell culture models, using a range of CF cell lines and primary cells, showed that complementary pharmacological approaches to increasing intracellular cGMP, by elevating guanyl cyclase activity though reduced nitric oxide, addition of cell-permeable cGMP analogs, or inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 corrected multiple aspects of the CF pathological cascade. These included correction of defective protein glycosylation, bacterial …

A Mixed-Methods Study To Characterize Pharmaceutical Marketing In The Nursing Home Setting: Off-Label Use Of Atypical Antipsychotics, Camilla Benedicto, Jennifer L. Donovan, Terry S. Field, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Sarah Foy, Leslie R. Harrold, Abir O. Kanaan, Celeste A. Lemay, Kathleen M. Mazor, Jennifer Tjia, Sruthi Valluri, Becky A. Briesacher

Jennifer Tjia

Background: Despite FDA warnings that atypical antipsychotic medications are associated with an increased risk of death when used to treat behavioral disorders in older adults with dementia, they are prescribed to nearly one-third of older U.S. nursing home (NH) residents. Reasons for their high use in NHs are poorly understood, but may include pharmaceutical marketing efforts in the NH setting.

Methods: This study is nested within an ongoing cluster randomized trial to improve the use of atypical antipsychotics in NHs. We analyzed semistructured interviews (n = 36) and surveys (n = 139) of administrators, directors of nursing and medical directors …

Computational Analysis Of High Throughput Flow Cytometry Data, Joseph P. Robinson

Joseph P Robinson

Introduction (significance of area discussed) –Flow cytometry has been around for over 40 years, but only recently has the opportunity arisen to move into the high-throughput domain. The technology is now available and is highly competitive with imaging tools under the right conditions.

Areas Covered (research discussed and literature review) The historical perspective of flow cytometry operation is discussed as well as how the field has changed and what the key changes have been. The authors provide a solid background as well as compelling arguments for moving toward HT flow, where there are many innovative opportunities. These opportunities show strong …

Development Of A Peer Teaching-Assessment Program And A Peer Observation And Evaluation Tool, Jennifer M. Trujillo, Margarita V. Divall, Judith T. Barr, Michael J. Gonyeau, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, S. James Matthews, Donna M. Qualters

Samuel James Matthews

Objectives. To develop a formalized, comprehensive, peer-driven teaching assessment program and a valid and reliable assessment tool. Methods. A volunteer taskforce was formed and a peer-assessment program was developed using a multistep, sequential approach and the Peer Observation and Evaluation Tool (POET). A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and practicality of the process and to establish interrater reliability of the tool. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Results. ICCs for 8 separate lectures evaluated by 2-3 observers ranged from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating good interrater reliability of the tool. Conclusion. Our peer assessment program for large classroom …

Pharmacy Student Knowledge And Communication Of Medication Errors, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Carey M. Noland, Anthony Tramontozzi, Michele A. Vinci

Carey M. Noland

Objectives. To describe and evaluate pharmacy students' knowledge of and comfort in communicating, managing, and preventing medication errors. Methods. Using a cross-sectional design, a survey instrument was administered to fifth-year pharmacy students. The survey instrument included both open-and close-ended questions to describe and examine factors associated with knowledge and comfort in communication of medication errors.Results. Survey instruments were completed by 93 students (90% response rate). Nearly 80% reported not having received training in communicating medication errors. The perception of having more adequate training was related to greater knowledge in the communication of medication errors (p

A Tool For Measuring Active Learning In The Classroom, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, John W. Devlin, Jennifer L. Kirwin, Donna M. Qualters

John W. Devlin

Objectives. To develop a valid and reliable active-learning inventory tool for use in large classrooms and compare faculty perceptions of active-learning using the Active-Learning Inventory Tool.Methods. The Active-Learning Inventory Tool was developed using published literature and validated by national experts in educational research. Reliability was established by trained faculty members who used the Active-Learning Inventory Tool to observe 9 pharmacy lectures. Instructors were then interviewed to elicit perceptions regarding active learning and asked to share their perceptions.Results. Per lecture, 13 ( range: 4-34) episodes of active learning encompassing 3 ( range: 2-5) different types of active learning occurred over 2.2 …

A Tool For Measuring Active Learning In The Classroom, Jenny Van Amburgh, John Devlin, Jennifer Kirwin, Donna Qualters

Jennifer L. Kirwin

Objectives. To develop a valid and reliable active-learning inventory tool for use in large classrooms and compare faculty perceptions of active-learning using the Active-Learning Inventory Tool.Methods. The Active-Learning Inventory Tool was developed using published literature and validated by national experts in educational research. Reliability was established by trained faculty members who used the Active-Learning Inventory Tool to observe 9 pharmacy lectures. Instructors were then interviewed to elicit perceptions regarding active learning and asked to share their perceptions.Results. Per lecture, 13 ( range: 4-34) episodes of active learning encompassing 3 ( range: 2-5) different types of active learning occurred over 2.2 …

Using Facebook To Facilitate Course-Related Discussion Between Students And Faculty Members, Margarita V. Divall, Jennifer L. Kirwin

Jennifer L. Kirwin

Objectives. To use Facebook to facilitate online discussion of the content of a Comprehensive Disease Management course and to evaluate student use and perceptions of this exercise. Design. A Facebook page was created and coordinators encouraged students to "like" the page and to post and view study tips, links, or questions. At the end of the course, students' use and perceptions were evaluated using an anonymous survey tool. Assessment. At the end of week 1, there were 81 followers, 5 wall posts, and 474 visits to the course Facebook page. At peak use, the page had 117 followers, 18 wall …

Service-Learning At A Camp For Children With Asthma As Part Of An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience, Jennifer L. Kirwin, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, Kristyn M. Napoli

Jennifer L. Kirwin

Objectives. To describe a service-learning opportunity within an advanced pharmacy practice experience and report satisfaction survey results from 2001 through present. Design. Pharmacy students volunteered to attend asthma camp during an ambulatory care rotation. Students administered and monitored medications and coordinated educational activities for campers. Students set goals for the week and completed reflective journals about the experience. A survey was administered 1 week and 6 months after the experience to assess satisfaction, changes in attitudes toward children with chronic asthma, and empathy towards patients.Assessment. Most students accomplished their goals and were satisfied with the experience. Approximately 40% of students …

Development Of Progressive Oral Presentations In A Therapeutics Course Series, Michael Gonyeau, Jennifer Trujillo, Margarita Divall

Margarita V. DiVall

Objectives. To develop and implement a series of progressive evidence-based, oral presentation activities within the therapeutics series to strengthen interprofessional oral communication and literature evaluation skills.Design. A step-wise progression of oral presentations was created to establish interprofessional communication skills and reinforce such skills in successive modules. Students progressed from a basic oral presentation to a brief clinical trial presentation, followed by a full journal club, culminating with a therapeutic debate. Guidelines and assessment tools were developed for each presentation focusing on style, content and organization, and analytic approach. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty members through the administration of …

Using Facebook To Facilitate Course-Related Discussion Between Students And Faculty Members, Margarita V. Divall, Jennifer L. Kirwin

Margarita V. DiVall

Objectives. To use Facebook to facilitate online discussion of the content of a Comprehensive Disease Management course and to evaluate student use and perceptions of this exercise. Design. A Facebook page was created and coordinators encouraged students to "like" the page and to post and view study tips, links, or questions. At the end of the course, students' use and perceptions were evaluated using an anonymous survey tool. Assessment. At the end of week 1, there were 81 followers, 5 wall posts, and 474 visits to the course Facebook page. At peak use, the page had 117 followers, 18 wall …

Development Of A Peer Teaching-Assessment Program And A Peer Observation And Evaluation Tool, Jennifer M. Trujillo, Margarita V. Divall, Judith T. Barr, Michael J. Gonyeau, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, S. James Matthews, Donna M. Qualters

Margarita V. DiVall

Objectives. To develop a formalized, comprehensive, peer-driven teaching assessment program and a valid and reliable assessment tool. Methods. A volunteer taskforce was formed and a peer-assessment program was developed using a multistep, sequential approach and the Peer Observation and Evaluation Tool (POET). A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and practicality of the process and to establish interrater reliability of the tool. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Results. ICCs for 8 separate lectures evaluated by 2-3 observers ranged from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating good interrater reliability of the tool. Conclusion. Our peer assessment program for large classroom …

School-Wide Clinical Intervention System To Document Pharmacy Students' Impact On Patient Care, Margarita V. Divall, Brian Zikaras, Debra Copeland, Michael J. Gonyeau

Margarita V. DiVall

Objectives. To implement and evaluate a school wide, Web-based clinical intervention system to document types and impact of pharmacy students' clinical activities during advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Methods. A clinical intervention form was developed by pharmacy practice faculty consensus and uploaded to a secure Web site. Prior to APPEs, all pharmacy students were trained on the purpose and use of the system as well as strategies to document interventions appropriately. Results. Over the 3-year period of data collection, 15,393 interventions were documented. Most common intervention types included dosage adjustments, education of patients and providers, and optimization of therapeutic regimens. …

A Vidcasting Project To Promote The Pharmacist's Role In Public Health, Seena L. Haines, Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Objective. To develop, implement, and assess an Internet-based vidcasting project to promote the pharmacist's role in public health. Design. This was a collaborative effort for 2 different courses taught at 2 different schools of pharmacy. Faculty members created a special instructional design for students to follow in planning, producing, and publishing video public service announcements on the Internet.Assessment. Formative and summative assessments, including course examinations, a grading rubric, student survey, and focus group, were implemented to evaluate student learning and public reaction. Students believed Internet video public service announcements served as a useful reference for patients and professionals, aided in …

Status And Recommendations For Self-Care Instruction In Us Colleges And Schools Of Pharmacy, 2006, Seena L. Zierler-Brown, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, Kristin A. Casper, Linda L. Krypel, Amista Lone Salcido, Victor A. Padron, W. Steven Pray, Andrea L. Wall, Jenelle L. Sobotka, Janet P. Engle

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Teachers of pharmacy self-care courses have met annually since 1998 at the Nonprescription Medicines Academy (NMA) held in Cincinnati, Ohio. During these meetings, self-care faculty members discuss methods of enhancing the teaching of self-care in US colleges and schools of pharmacy. Self-care courses are taught using a variety of methods and content is woven into pharmacy curricula in many different ways. This manuscript sets forth the current state of self-care instruction in pharmacy curricula including the recommended core curriculum, instructional methodologies, course mechanics, existing standards, and assessment and curricular placement, and makes recommendations for the future.

A Tool For Measuring Active Learning In The Classroom, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, John W. Devlin, Jennifer L. Kirwin, Donna M. Qualters

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Objectives. To develop a valid and reliable active-learning inventory tool for use in large classrooms and compare faculty perceptions of active-learning using the Active-Learning Inventory Tool.Methods. The Active-Learning Inventory Tool was developed using published literature and validated by national experts in educational research. Reliability was established by trained faculty members who used the Active-Learning Inventory Tool to observe 9 pharmacy lectures. Instructors were then interviewed to elicit perceptions regarding active learning and asked to share their perceptions.Results. Per lecture, 13 ( range: 4-34) episodes of active learning encompassing 3 ( range: 2-5) different types of active learning occurred over 2.2 …

Development Of A Peer Teaching-Assessment Program And A Peer Observation And Evaluation Tool, Jennifer M. Trujillo, Margarita V. Divall, Judith T. Barr, Michael J. Gonyeau, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, S. James Matthews, Donna M. Qualters

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Objectives. To develop a formalized, comprehensive, peer-driven teaching assessment program and a valid and reliable assessment tool. Methods. A volunteer taskforce was formed and a peer-assessment program was developed using a multistep, sequential approach and the Peer Observation and Evaluation Tool (POET). A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and practicality of the process and to establish interrater reliability of the tool. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Results. ICCs for 8 separate lectures evaluated by 2-3 observers ranged from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating good interrater reliability of the tool. Conclusion. Our peer assessment program for large classroom …

Service-Learning At A Camp For Children With Asthma As Part Of An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience, Jennifer Kirwin, Jenny Van Amburgh, Kristyn Napoli

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

Objectives. To describe a service-learning opportunity within an advanced pharmacy practice experience and report satisfaction survey results from 2001 through present. Design. Pharmacy students volunteered to attend asthma camp during an ambulatory care rotation. Students administered and monitored medications and coordinated educational activities for campers. Students set goals for the week and completed reflective journals about the experience. A survey was administered 1 week and 6 months after the experience to assess satisfaction, changes in attitudes toward children with chronic asthma, and empathy towards patients.Assessment. Most students accomplished their goals and were satisfied with the experience. Approximately 40% of students …

Succession Planning In Us Pharmacy Schools, Jenny A. Van Amburgh, Christopher K. Surratt, James S. Green, Randle M. Gallucci, James Colbert, Shara L. Zatopek, Robert A. Blouin

Jenny A. Van Amburgh

The deans, associate and assistant deans, and department chairs of a college or school of pharmacy retain historic memories of the institution and share the responsibility for day-to-day operation, sustainability, and future planning. Between the anticipated retirement of baby boomers who are senior administrative faculty members and the steady increase in number of colleges and schools of pharmacy, the academy is facing a shortage of qualified successors. Succession planning involves planning for the effective transition of personnel in leadership positions within an organization. This paper describes the subject of succession planning at a sample population of AACP institutions by obtaining …

Student Participants In Faculty Educational Research, Nathaniel M. Rickles

Nathaniel Rickles

No abstract provided.