Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review Of Occupational Therapy Interventions, Meredith L. Aja, Katie L. Cole, Trenton S. Warning

Pediatrics

Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the current role of occupational therapy (OT) in the treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). JIA is an umbrella term that encompasses six subtypes of the disease. JIA is one of the most common childhood chronic diseases and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and loss of function, as well as psychosocial impacts. JIA participants generally receive pharmacological treatment, but less commonly receive therapeutic interventions to help reduce symptoms. Individualized treatment plans are necessary for clients with JIA due to the diverse nature of the disease. …

Mir-155 Expression And Correlation With Clinical Outcome In Pediatric Aml: A Report From Children's Oncology Group., Ranjani Ramamurthy, Maya Hughes, Valerie Morris, Hamid Bolouri, Robert B. Gerbing, Yi-Cheng Wang, Michael R. Loken, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy A. Hirsch, A S. Gamis, Vivian G. Oehler, Todd A. Alonzo, Soheil Meshinchi

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Aberrant expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and associated with clinical outcome.

PROCEDURE: We evaluated miR-155 expression in 198 children with normal karyotype AML (NK-AML) enrolled in Children's Oncology Group (COG) AML trial AAML0531 and correlated miR-155 expression levels with disease characteristics and clinical outcome. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on miR-155 expression level, and disease characteristics were then evaluated and correlated with miR-155 expression.

RESULTS: MiR-155 expression varied over 4-log10-fold range relative to its expression in normal marrow with a median expression level of 0.825 (range 0.043-25.630) for the entire …

Erratum To: High Expression Of Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2c (Mef2c) Is Associated With Adverse-Risk Features And Poor Outcome In Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From The Children's Oncology Group., George S. Laszlo, Todd A. Alonzo, Chelsea J. Gudgeon, Kimberly H. Harrington, Alex Kentsis, Robert B. Gerbing, Yi-Cheng Wang, Rhonda E. Ries, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy A. Hirsch, A S. Gamis, Soheil Meshinchi, Roland B. Walter

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Epidemiology And Impact Of Campylobacter Infection In Children In 8 Low-Resource Settings: Results From The Mal-Ed Study, Shahida Qureshi, Aneeta Hotwani, Sadia Shakoor, (Mal-Ed) Network Investigators, Imran Ahmed, Didar Alam, Syed Asad Ali, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Enteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life.
Methods: Children were actively followed up until 24 months of age. Diarrheal and nondiarrheal stool samples were collected and tested by enzyme immunoassay for Campylobacter Stool and blood samples were assayed for markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation.
Results: A total of 1892 children had 7601 diarrheal and 26 267 nondiarrheal stool samples tested for Campylobacter We describe a high …

Frequency And Outcome Of Meningitis In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Of Pakistan, Amna Jawaid, Surriya Bano, Anwarul Haque, Khubaib Arif

Department of Emergency Medicine

Meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in intensive care settings. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and outcome in children with meningitis through a retrospective chart review done in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital from January 2000 to December 2014. During these 14 years, 64 patients were admitted with meningitis in pediatric intensive care unit. Out of 64, 36 were diagnosed with pyogenic meningitis, 18 patients with viral meningitis, and 10 with tuberculous meningitis. Most complications were observed in the initial 48 hours. Most common presentation was altered …

Variants In Cxcr4 Associate With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Susceptibility., Terri H. Finkel, Jin Li, Zhi Wei, Wei Wang, Haitao Zhang, Edward M. Behrens, Emma L. Reuschel, Sophie Limou, Carol Wise, Marilynn Punaro, Mara L. Becker, Jane E. Munro, Berit Flatø, Øystein Førre, Susan D. Thompson, Carl D. Langefeld, David N. Glass, Joseph T. Glessner, Cecilia E. Kim, Edward Frackelton, Debra K. Shivers, Kelly A. Thomas, Rosetta M. Chiavacci, Cuiping Hou, Kexiang Xu, James Snyder, Haijun Qiu, Frank Mentch, Kai Wang, Cheryl A. Winkler, Benedicte A. Lie, Justine A. Ellis, Hakon Hakonarson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease among children, the etiology of which involves a strong genetic component, but much of the underlying genetic determinants still remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants that predispose to JIA.

METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication in a total of 1166 JIA cases and 9500 unrelated controls of European ancestry. Correlation of SNP genotype and gene expression was investigated. Then we conducted targeted resequencing of a candidate locus, among a subset of 480 cases and 480 controls. SUM test was performed …

Use Of Concomitant Antibiotics During Treatment For Clostridium Difficile Infection (Cdi) In Pediatric Inpatients: An Observational Cohort Study., Vanessa W. Stevens, Cary Thurm, Elyse M. Schwab, Matthew P. Kronman, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Samir S. Shah, Jason G. Newland, Joshua Courter, Sarah Parker, Thomas V. Brogan, Adam L. Hersh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Concomitant antibiotic use during treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) increases the risk of recurrence. Across a network of children's hospitals, 46% of patients treated for CDI received concomitant antibiotics for a median of 7 days. Concomitant antibiotic use was more common among patients with malignancies, and solid organ or bone marrow transplant. Unnecessary concomitant antibiotic use in CDI patients is a potential target for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship.

Fear Conditioning And Extinction In Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Joseph F. Mcguire, Scott P. Orr, Monica S. Wu, Adam B. Lewin, Brent J. Small, Vicky Phares, Tanya K. Murphy, Sabine Wilhelm, Daniel S. Pine, Daniel Geller, Eric A. Storch

Psychology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Fear acquisition and extinction are central constructs in the cognitive-behavioral model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which underlies exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Youth with OCD may have impairments in fear acquisition and extinction that carry treatment implications. We examined these processes using a differential conditioning procedure.

METHODS: Forty-one youth (19 OCD, 22 community comparisons) completed a battery of clinical interviews, rating scales, and a differential conditioning task that included habituation, acquisition, and extinction phases. Skin conductance response (SCR) served as the primary dependent measure.

RESULTS: During habituation, no difference between groups was observed. During acquisition, differential fear conditioning was observed …

The Relationship Between Foot Arch Measurements And Walking Parameters In Children, Simone V. Gill, Sara Keimig, Damian Kelty-Stephen, Ya-Ching Hung, Jeremy M. Desilva

Publications and Research

Background: Walking mechanics are influenced by body morphology. Foot arch height is one aspect of body morphology central to walking. However, generalizations about the relationship between arch height and walking are limited due to previous methodologies used for measuring the arch and the populations that have been studied. To gain the knowledge needed to support healthy gait in children and adults, we need to understand this relationship in unimpaired, typically developing children and adults using dynamic measures. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between arch height and gait in a sample of healthy children …

Genomic Diversity Of Epec Associated With Clinical Presentations Of Differing Severity, Tracy H. Hazen, Michael S. Donnenberg, Sandra Panchalingam, Martin Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inacio Mandomando, John Benjamin Ochieng, Shahida Qureshi, Farheen Quadri, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are diarrhoeagenic E. coli, and are a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness among young children in developing countries. Typical EPEC are identified by the presence of the bundle-forming pilus encoded by a virulence plasmid, which has been linked to an increased severity of illness, while atypical EPEC lack this feature. Comparative genomics of 70 total EPEC from lethal (LI), non-lethal symptomatic (NSI) or asymptomatic (AI) cases of diarrhoeal illness in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study was used to investigate the genomic differences in EPEC isolates obtained from individuals with various clinical outcomes. A …

Evaluation Of Screen Time In Children, Mohammad Mertaban

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

An evaluation of screen time and media use in children. This project looks to education healthcare practitioners about the effects of current media practices in the United States on children. A presentation was given to healthcare practitioners at a family medicine practice and a brochure was created to distribute to families in the waiting room. Practitioners reported an increase in knowledge regarding the subject of screen time in children, an increase in their comfort level in in discussing these effects with patients, and increase in their ability to effectively communicate the media guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

A Histopathological Outlook On Nephrotic Syndrome: A Pediatric Perspective, M K. Arif, M Arif, N Amjad

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The developing world is observing changing histopathological patterns of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, the true burden of non-minimal change disease (non-MCD) presenting as INS remains unestimated owing to a paucity of data on renal biopsies. Data were collected from January 2006 to June 2014 on 75 children up to 16 years of age who underwent renal biopsies for INS. Mean age at biopsy was 11.2 ± 3.7 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. A total of 25 (33.3%) children were steroid sensitive, 36 (48%) were steroid resistant, 10 (13.3%) were steroid dependent and 4 (5.3%) came with …

Renal And Cardiovascular Morbidities Associated With Apol1 Status Among African-American And Non-African-American Children With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis., Robert P. Woroniecki, Derek K. Ng, Sophie Limou, Cheryl A. Winkler, Kimberly J. Reidy, Mark Mitsnefes, Matthew G. Sampson, Craig S. Wong, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Frederick J. Kaskel

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: African-American (AA) children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have later onset disease that progresses more rapidly than in non-AA children. It is unclear how APOL1 genotypes contribute to kidney disease risk, progression, and cardiovascular morbidity in children.

DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We examined the prevalence of APOL1 genotypes and associated cardiovascular phenotypes among children with FSGS in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study; an ongoing multicenter prospective cohort study of children aged 1-16 years with mild to moderate kidney disease.

RESULTS: A total of 140 AA children in the CKiD study were genotyped. High …

Comparison Of Affect And Cardiorespiratory Training Responses Between Structured Gym Activities And Traditional Aerobic Exercise In Children., David A. White, S D. Rothenberger, L A. Hunt, F L. Goss

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Physical activities (PA) that are pleasurable are likely to be repeated. Structured gym activities (SGA) are defined as dodging, chasing, and fleeing games. Traditional aerobic exercises (TAE) are defined as treadmill, cycle ergometer, and elliptical exercise. The purpose of this investigation was to compare affect and cardiorespiratory training responses between SGA and TAE in children. Thirty-two participants (9.3±0.2) were randomized to either the SGA or TAE group. Exercise training was seven weeks, with two sessions per week, for 35 minutes per session. Affect was measured by the (+5 (pleasurable) to -5 (displeasurable)) feelings scale. Affect was recorded at the mid-point …

Effect Of Mobile Phone Text Messages Reminders On Uptake Of Routine Immunization Among Children In Pakistan- Study Protocol For A Randomized Clinical Trial, Abdul Momin Kazi, Murtaza Ali, Khurram Zubair, Hussain Kalimuddin, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Routine Immunization (RI) is considered one of the best public health interventions to decrease child morbidity and mortality. The RI coverage in Pakistan is still well below the desired level, leading to continued polio transmission, large measles outbreaks and thousands of deaths from vaccine-preventable illnesses. Different innovative and cost effective strategies are required to look into for enhancement in vaccination uptake and coverage. We plan to test the effectiveness of reminders to parents/caregivers on cell phones through short messaging system (SMS) in improving vaccine uptake and on-time routine immunization for children in Pakistan.
Methods and Analysis: A parallel-randomized controlled …

Hyperlactetemia And Its Trends In Critically Ill Children Admitted In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Of A Developing Country, Qalab Abbas, Muhammad Tariq Jamil, Leena Jafri, Anwar Ul Haque, Vivek Khetpal

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: There is increasing evidence that in setting of critical ailments clinical signs lag biomarkers like Lactate and hyperlactetemia can be the only marker for this disorder. This study was conducted to describe the incidence of hyperlactatemia in critically ill children and its association with outcome.Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of all children who had their lactic acid (LA) levels measured during their admission in PICU from January 2014 to December 2015 was done. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded along with PICU therapies, outcome (Survived or expired) and development of multi-organ dysfunction. Results are presented as frequency with …