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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Differences In Cervical Cytologic And Histologic Findings Between Women Using Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate And Oral Contraceptives, Mary Clark, C. Stockdale, L. Railsback, S. Nichols
Differences In Cervical Cytologic And Histologic Findings Between Women Using Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate And Oral Contraceptives, Mary Clark, C. Stockdale, L. Railsback, S. Nichols
M. Kathleen Clark
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare cervical cytologic and histologic findings between women using depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and oral contraceptives (OCs) referred for colposcopy and to determine whether there were differences in the occurrence of false-positive cytologic finding between the 2 contraceptive groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort of 1,569 premenopausal women using either DMPA or OC who were evaluated for abnormal cervical cytologic findings. Cytologic and histologic data were collected in conjunction with routine gynecologic examinations or follow-up colposcopic evaluations. chi2 tests were used to determine differences in cervical cytologic and histologic findings and the proportion of false-positive results …
The Effect Of Work Shift And Sleep Duration On Various Aspects Of Police Officers' Health, Sandra Ramey, Elena Perkhounkova, M. Moon, L. Budde, H. Tseng, M. Clark
The Effect Of Work Shift And Sleep Duration On Various Aspects Of Police Officers' Health, Sandra Ramey, Elena Perkhounkova, M. Moon, L. Budde, H. Tseng, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
Police officers are prone to cardiovascular disease, overweight, and obesity. Because night-shift work affects sleep, a modifiable risk factor linked to chronic disease, the researchers explored the relationship among shift work, sleep, and wellness for police officers. Sleep, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, stress, fatigue, and body mass index were used to compare officers who worked primarily day shifts to those who worked primarily evening or night shifts, and officers who slept less than 6 hours per day to those who slept at least 6 hours per day. A cross-sectional study of 85 male officers, 20 to 63 years old, was …
Body Mass Index Misclassification Of Obesity Among Community Police Officers, M. Alasagheirin, M. Clark, Sandra Ramey, E. Grueskin
Body Mass Index Misclassification Of Obesity Among Community Police Officers, M. Alasagheirin, M. Clark, Sandra Ramey, E. Grueskin
M. Kathleen Clark
Occupational health nurses are at the forefront of obesity assessment and intervention and must be aware of potential inaccuracies of obesity measurement. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity among a sample of 84 male police officers 22 to 63 years old and determine the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) in estimating obesity compared to body fat percent (BF %). BMI identified 39.3% of the participants as obese, compared to 70.2% by BF %. BMI misclassified normal-weight officers as obese or overweight and obese officers as normal 48.8% (n = 41) of the time. …
What Nurses Should Know About Natural Family Planning, A. Trent, M. Clark
What Nurses Should Know About Natural Family Planning, A. Trent, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Emergency Contraception In Iowa Pharmacies Before And After Over-The-Counter Approval, Melissa Lehan Mackin, M. Clark
Emergency Contraception In Iowa Pharmacies Before And After Over-The-Counter Approval, Melissa Lehan Mackin, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare availability of emergency contraception in Iowa pharmacies, before and after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved over-the-counter sales and identify reasons why over-the-counter, emergency contraception might still not be available in some Iowa pharmacies. Design and Sample: Secondary analysis of data collected for an existing, descriptive study. A total of 906 pharmacies were identified; 405 (56.8%) pharmacies participated before, and 308 (43.2%) after the FDA policy change. Measures: Data collected via a scripted telephone survey. Results: After the FDA changed its policy and allowed over-the-counter sales of emergency contraception, the percentage of Iowa pharmacies …
Self-Report Height And Weight Accuracy And Overweight Misclassification Among African American Adolescents, Yolanda Powell-Young, Mary Clark
Self-Report Height And Weight Accuracy And Overweight Misclassification Among African American Adolescents, Yolanda Powell-Young, Mary Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Bone Mineral Density Changes Over Two Years In First-Time Users Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, M. Clark, M. Sowers, S. Nichols, B. Levy
Bone Mineral Density Changes Over Two Years In First-Time Users Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, M. Clark, M. Sowers, S. Nichols, B. Levy
M. Kathleen Clark
Objective: To compare longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) among first-time depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users to women using no hormonal contraception, and evaluate user characteristics associated with that BMD change. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Setting: Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment. Patient(s): Women, aged 18 to 35, choosing DMPA for contraception (n = 178) and women using no hormonal contraception (n = 145). Main Outcome Measure(s): Hip and spine BMD measured, at three-month intervals for 24 months, by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Result(s): Mean hip BMD declined 2.8% (SE = 0.034) 12 months following DMPA initiation and …
Age-Related Hearing Loss And Bone Mass In Women Aged 60 To 85 Years, M. Clark, M. Sowers, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace, C. Anderson, J. Lemke
Age-Related Hearing Loss And Bone Mass In Women Aged 60 To 85 Years, M. Clark, M. Sowers, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace, C. Anderson, J. Lemke
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Exercise And Physical Fitness For Good Health In Children, M. Clark
Exercise And Physical Fitness For Good Health In Children, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
An Epidemiologic Analysis Of Pain In The Elderly: The Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study, Paula Mobily, Keela Herr, M. Clark, R. Wallace
An Epidemiologic Analysis Of Pain In The Elderly: The Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study, Paula Mobily, Keela Herr, M. Clark, R. Wallace
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Association Between Female Infertility And Agricultural Work History, L. Fuortes, M. Clark, H. Kirchner, E. Smith
Association Between Female Infertility And Agricultural Work History, L. Fuortes, M. Clark, H. Kirchner, E. Smith
M. Kathleen Clark
Lifetime industrial and occupational histories of women with a medically-confirmed diagnosis of infertility (n = 281) were compared to a group of postpartum women (n = 216) for risks of infertility. Controlling for age of first pregnancy or self-report of infertility, date of outcome, cigarette use, and employment in other types of industries, women were at increased risk of infertility if they had worked in industries associated with agriculture (OR = 7.0, 95% CI 2.3-20.8; cases = 11.7%, controls = 1.9%). Among the occupations in which women worked prior to outcome, only those in agriculture were at significantly elevated risk …
Bone Mineral Density And Fractures Among Alcohol-Dependent Women In Treatment And In Recovery, M. Clark, M. Sowers, F. Dekordi, S. Nichols
Bone Mineral Density And Fractures Among Alcohol-Dependent Women In Treatment And In Recovery, M. Clark, M. Sowers, F. Dekordi, S. Nichols
M. Kathleen Clark
Women are at higher risk for osteoporosis, but most of the literature examining the effect of alcohol abuse on bone mineral density (BMD) has been in men. The aim of this study was to determine differences in BMD and fracture prevalence among women in treatment for alcohol abuse, in recovery and non-alcohol-dependent women. This cross-sectional study was completed at two residential substance abuse centers in Iowa (USA). The patients were Caucasian women, aged 18-70 years, in treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence (n=228); in recovery and abstaining from alcohol (n=156); and women with no history of alcohol abuse (n=447). The …
Influence Of Lifetime Sports Activity Based On A Ground Reaction Force On Bone Mineral Density Inkorean Adults, E. Lee, M. Clark
Influence Of Lifetime Sports Activity Based On A Ground Reaction Force On Bone Mineral Density Inkorean Adults, E. Lee, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
The Accuracy Of Self-Reported Hearing Loss In Women Aged 60 Years To 85 Years, M. Clark, M. Sowers, R. Wallace, C. Anderson
The Accuracy Of Self-Reported Hearing Loss In Women Aged 60 Years To 85 Years, M. Clark, M. Sowers, R. Wallace, C. Anderson
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Advanced Practice Nursing In Iowa, G. Felton, M. Aquilino, G. Bulechek, M. Clark, Patricia Clinton, Ann Mccarthy
Advanced Practice Nursing In Iowa, G. Felton, M. Aquilino, G. Bulechek, M. Clark, Patricia Clinton, Ann Mccarthy
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Disordered Eating Behavior And Bone Mineral Density In Women Who Misuse Alcohol, M. Clark
Disordered Eating Behavior And Bone Mineral Density In Women Who Misuse Alcohol, M. Clark
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
A Prospective Study Of Radial Bone Mass In A Geographically-Defined Population, M. Sowers, M. Clark, R. Wallace, M. Jannausch, J. Lemke
A Prospective Study Of Radial Bone Mass In A Geographically-Defined Population, M. Sowers, M. Clark, R. Wallace, M. Jannausch, J. Lemke
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Weight, Fat Mass, And Central Distribution Of Fat Increase When Women Use Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate For Contraception, M. Clark, J. Dillon, M. Sowers, S. Nichols
Weight, Fat Mass, And Central Distribution Of Fat Increase When Women Use Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate For Contraception, M. Clark, J. Dillon, M. Sowers, S. Nichols
M. Kathleen Clark
OBJECTIVE: To compare longitudinal changes in weight, body fat, and ratio of central to peripheral fat mass among first-time depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate ( DMPA) users to women using no hormonal contraception, and to evaluate user characteristics associated with that change. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. SUBJECTS: Healthy women, aged 18-35 y, using DMPA for contraception (n=178) and women using no hormonal contraception (n=145). MEASUREMENTS: Weight, body fat, and the central distribution of fat, measured at 3-month intervals for 30 months, by electronic scale and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA). The ratio of central to peripheral distribution of body fat was computed by …
Occupational Exposures And Risk Of Female Infertility, E. Smith, M. Hammondsehlers, M. Clark, H. Kirchner, L. Fuortes
Occupational Exposures And Risk Of Female Infertility, E. Smith, M. Hammondsehlers, M. Clark, H. Kirchner, L. Fuortes
M. Kathleen Clark
This study examined the association between occupational chemical and radiation exposures and risk of medically diagnosed infertility in 281 women compared with 216 fertile women. After adjustment for age and exposures that occurred before case/referent ascertainment, there was an increased risk of infertility among those women exposed to volatile organic solvents (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 2.71), chemical dusts (OR, 2.66; CI, 1.17 to 6.05), pesticides (OR, 3.02; CI, 1.10 to 8.29), and video display terminals (OR, 2.21, CI, 1.22 to 4.01). Among the medically diagnosed causes of infertility, the adjusted risk associated with having …
Radial Bone-Mineral Density In Premenopausal And Perimenopausal Women - A Prospective-Study Of Rates And Risk-Factors For Loss, M. Sowers, M. Clark, B. Hollis, R. Wallace, M. Jannausch
Radial Bone-Mineral Density In Premenopausal And Perimenopausal Women - A Prospective-Study Of Rates And Risk-Factors For Loss, M. Sowers, M. Clark, B. Hollis, R. Wallace, M. Jannausch
M. Kathleen Clark
Radial bone mineral density (BMD) of 217 white women aged 22-54 years from a single rural community was evaluated in 1984 using single-photon absorptiometry. BMD was measured at a site one-third the distance from the wrist to the elbow, a site that represents predominantly cortical bone tissue. Most of these women (181; 83%) were reexamined 5 years later. The overall average 5 year radial BMD loss was -5.6%. The average rate of loss was -4.5% for women retaining positive estrogen status at follow-up (n = 108) and -7.4% for women who were in negative estrogen status at follow-up (n = …
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate And Bone Mineral Density In Adolescents - The Black Box Warning: A Position Paper Of The Society For Adolescent Medicine, B. Cromer, D. Scholes, A. Berenson, T. Cundy, M. Clark, A. Kaunitz
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate And Bone Mineral Density In Adolescents - The Black Box Warning: A Position Paper Of The Society For Adolescent Medicine, B. Cromer, D. Scholes, A. Berenson, T. Cundy, M. Clark, A. Kaunitz
M. Kathleen Clark
The purpose of this Position Paper is to review the published Black Box Warning regarding depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and bone loss as it relates to adolescent girls. The scientific findings that prompted the Food and Drug Administration to issue the warning are reviewed and the following additional issues are considered: (1) likely low risk of fracture related to DMPA use, (2) evidence of at least partial recovery after discontinuation of the method, and (3) the need to balance the physical, social and economic cost of adolescent pregnancy versus the immediate and long-term impact of DMPA on bone. A list …
A Prospective-Study Of Bone-Mineral Content And Fracture In Communities With Differential Fluoride Exposure, M. Sowers, M. Clark, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace
A Prospective-Study Of Bone-Mineral Content And Fracture In Communities With Differential Fluoride Exposure, M. Sowers, M. Clark, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace
M. Kathleen Clark
In 1983/1984, a study of bone mass and fractures was begun in 827 women aged 20-80 years in three rural Iowa communities selected for the fluoride and calcium content of their community water supplies. The control community's water had a calcium content of 67 mg/liter and a fluoride content of 1 mg/liter. The higher-calcium community had water with a calcium content of 375 mg/liter and a fluoride content of 1 mg/liter. The higher-fluoride community's water had 15 mg/liter of calcium and 4 mg/liter of fluoride naturally occurring. In 1988/1989, a follow-up study characterized the 684 women still living and available …
Body-Size, Estrogen Use And Thiazide Diuretic Use Affect 5-Year Radial Bone Loss In Postmenopausal Women, M. Sowers, M. Clark, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace
Body-Size, Estrogen Use And Thiazide Diuretic Use Affect 5-Year Radial Bone Loss In Postmenopausal Women, M. Sowers, M. Clark, M. Jannausch, R. Wallace
M. Kathleen Clark
Understanding factors associated with more rapid bone mineral loss among aging women is important for establishing preventive strategies for intervention. This study reports factors associated with the 5-year change in radial bone mineral density (BMD) determined prospectively in 435 women aged 55-80 years at baseline. The baseline study included measurement of radial BMD (gm/cm(2)) by single photon densitometry and personal interview. The baseline protocol was replicated 5 years later in a follow-up study. Women with a lower baseline weight or Quetelet index, smaller triceps skinfold and less arm muscle area had significantly greater 5-year bone loss (p = 0.001). Current …
Bone Mineral Density Loss And Recovery During 48 Months In First-Time Users Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, M. Clark, M. Sowers, B. Levy, S. Nichols
Bone Mineral Density Loss And Recovery During 48 Months In First-Time Users Of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, M. Clark, M. Sowers, B. Levy, S. Nichols
M. Kathleen Clark
Objective: To compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) during 48 months between first-time depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) users, during use and after discontinuation to controls. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Acedemic community. Main Outcome Measure(s): The BMD of the hip and spine, measured at 3-month intervals, by dual energy roentgen absorptiometry. Results: Hip and spine BMD declined during 48 months of depot MPA use by 7.7% +/- 0.11% (mean +/- SE) and 6.4% +/- 0.36%, respectively. The BMD of controls declined <= 1.6% +/- 0.30%. Hip and spine BMD loss slowed to < 0.6% after 48 months of depot MPA use. …
Ptsd And Physical Comorbidity Among Women Receiving Medicaid: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis
Ptsd And Physical Comorbidity Among Women Receiving Medicaid: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis
M. Kathleen Clark
Patterns of physicalcomorbidiry among women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were explored using Michigan Medicaid claims data. PTSD-diagnosed women (n = 2,133) were compared with 14,948 randomly selected women in three health outcome areas: ICD-9 categories of disease, chronic conditions associated with sexual assault history in previous research, and reproductive health conditions. PTSD was associated with increased risk of all categories of diseases (OR range = 1.3-4.8), endometriosis (OR = 2.7), and dyspareunia (OR = 3.4). When PTSD was not complicated by other mental health conditions, odds ratios for chronic conditions ranged from 1. 9 for fibromyalgia to 4.3 for …
Accuracy Of Birth Certificate Data Regarding The Amount, Timing And Adequacy Of Prenatal Care Using Prenatal Clinic Medical Records As Referents, M. Kathleen Clark, C. Fu, C. Burnett
Accuracy Of Birth Certificate Data Regarding The Amount, Timing And Adequacy Of Prenatal Care Using Prenatal Clinic Medical Records As Referents, M. Kathleen Clark, C. Fu, C. Burnett
M. Kathleen Clark
No abstract provided.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Physical Comorbidity Among Female Children And Adolescents: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, S. Graham-Bermann, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Physical Comorbidity Among Female Children And Adolescents: Results From Service-Use Data, J. Seng, S. Graham-Bermann, M. Clark, Ann Mccarthy, D. Ronis
M. Kathleen Clark
Objective. In adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with adverse health outcomes and high medical utilization and cost. PTSD is twice as common in women and is associated with increased risk for a range of diseases, chronic conditions, and reproductive-health problems. Little is known about the health effects of PTSD in children. The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of physical comorbidity in female children and adolescents with PTSD by using population data. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiologic case-control analysis of a Midwestern state's Medicaid eligibility and paid-claims data for girls (0-8 years old) …
Bone Mineral Density And Its Change In White Women: Estrogen And Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes And Their Interaction, M. Willing, M. Sowers, D. Aron, M. Clark, T. Burns, C. Bunten, M. Crutchfield, D. D'Agostino, M. Jannausch
Bone Mineral Density And Its Change In White Women: Estrogen And Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes And Their Interaction, M. Willing, M. Sowers, D. Aron, M. Clark, T. Burns, C. Bunten, M. Crutchfield, D. D'Agostino, M. Jannausch
M. Kathleen Clark
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major risk factor for development of osteoporosis; increasing evidence suggests that attainment and maintenance of peak bone mass as well as bone turnover and bone loss have strong genetic determinants. We examined the association of BMD levels and their change over a 3-year period, and polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor (ER), vitamin D receptor (VDR), type I collagen, osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes in pre-and perimenopausal women who were part of the Michigan Bone Health Study, a population-based longitudinal study of BMD. Body composition measurements, reproductive hormone profiles, bone-related serum protein measurements, and …
Elevated Serum Fluoride Concentrations In Women Are Not Related To Fractures And Bone Mineral Density, M. Sowers, G. Whitford, M. Clark, M. Jannausch
Elevated Serum Fluoride Concentrations In Women Are Not Related To Fractures And Bone Mineral Density, M. Sowers, G. Whitford, M. Clark, M. Jannausch
M. Kathleen Clark
Epidemiologic studies of the relations between drinking-water fluoride levels and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture are characterized by disparate conclusions and an absence of information about individual circulating fluoride levels. This study relates serum fluoride concentrations, which reflect individual fluoride exposures, to BMD and bone fractures. Data are from 1300 female residents of 3 small communities in which the water fluoride concentrations were 52.6 or 210.4 mu mol/L. Circulating serum fluoride concentrations were assessed by ion-specific electrode. Fluoride intake was estimated from interviews describing water and water-based beverage consumption and duration of residence in the community. BMD was measured …
The Risks Of Repeated Dieting, M. Clark