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Nursing Skill Mix, Nurse Staffing Level, And Physical Restraint Use In Us Hospitals: A Longitudinal Study., Vincent S. Staggs, Danielle M. Olds, Emily Cramer, Ronald I. Shorr
Nursing Skill Mix, Nurse Staffing Level, And Physical Restraint Use In Us Hospitals: A Longitudinal Study., Vincent S. Staggs, Danielle M. Olds, Emily Cramer, Ronald I. Shorr
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BACKGROUND: Although it is plausible that nurse staffing is associated with use of physical restraints in hospitals, this has not been well established. This may be due to limitations in previous cross-sectional analyses lacking adequate control for unmeasured differences in patient-level variables among nursing units.
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a longitudinal study, with units serving as their own control, examining whether nurse staffing relative to a unit's long-term average is associated with restraint use.
DESIGN: We analyzed 17 quarters of longitudinal data using mixed logistic regression, modeling quarterly odds of unit restraint use as a function of quarterly staffing relative to …