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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Pathophysiology And Proteogenomics Of Post-Infectious And Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus In Infants, Albert M. Isaacs
Pathophysiology And Proteogenomics Of Post-Infectious And Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus In Infants, Albert M. Isaacs
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Post-infectious (PIH) and post-hemorrhagic (PHH) hydrocephalus occur as sequalae of neonatal sepsis or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity, respectively. Together, PIH and PHH represent the most common form of infantile hydrocephalus, the most common indication for neurosurgery in children globally, and the leading cause of neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of PIH and PHH, particularly with regards to the host central nervous system response to the antecedent infection and hemorrhage, perturbation of differentiating neural stems in the ventricular (VZ) and subventricular (SVZ) zones, and damage to periventricular white matter (PVWM) tracts carrying sensorimotor …
Cognitive Recovery In The Post-Infectious Cns, Charise Joy Garber
Cognitive Recovery In The Post-Infectious Cns, Charise Joy Garber
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in a variety of diseases of the CNS associated with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimerճ Disease, Parkinsonճ Disease with dementia, Multiple Sclerosis, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive disease (WNND). Despite strong evidence that infiltration of peripheral immune cells and activation of resident microglia and astrocytes occurs in these various diseases, very little is known about how this altered immune environment may influence normal cognitive function. Given that communication between the nervous and immune system is essential for normal cognitive function, the central motivation of my thesis work is to understand the mechanisms by …
Understanding The Molecular Pathogenesis Of Retinal Neurodegeneration, Jonathan B. Lin
Understanding The Molecular Pathogenesis Of Retinal Neurodegeneration, Jonathan B. Lin
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Retinal degenerative diseases are a major cause of morbidity in modern society because visual impairment significantly decreases the quality of life of patients. A significant challenge in treating retinal degenerative diseases is their genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Furthermore, limitations in our understanding of disease pathophysiology have led to reliance on therapies that often treat disease endpoints rather than addressing disease etiology and/or pathophysiology. The long-term goal of my thesis research was to provide molecular and cellular insights into the pathophysiology underlying diverse retinal degenerative diseases, which may lead to much-needed, novel therapeutic approaches. During the first part of my thesis …
Rhythmic Auditory Cueing Of Gait In Parkinson Disease, Adam Patrick Horin
Rhythmic Auditory Cueing Of Gait In Parkinson Disease, Adam Patrick Horin
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor complications such as gait deficits and is caused by the depletion of dopamine producing neurons in the basal ganglia (BG). Gait deficits, including decreased velocity and increased variability, are among the most debilitating symptoms of PD and lead to an increased risk of falls. Common pharmacological treatments do not target many gait symptoms. Therefore, gait rehabilitation methods that can improve these deficits in gait are highly important. A common form of gait rehabilitation is known as rhythmic auditory cueing, in which an individual matches their footfalls to the beat …
Regulation And Function Of Trem2-Dependent Pathways In Neurodegeneration, Wilbur Madison Song
Regulation And Function Of Trem2-Dependent Pathways In Neurodegeneration, Wilbur Madison Song
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Carriers of the R47H allele of the microglia-specific lipid receptor TREM2 have a greatly increased risk of developing Alzheimerճ disease. The objective of this dissertation is to develop further mechanistic knowledge about how TREM2 is regulated and how TREM2 mutations affect microglia and neurodegeneration. Using an in vitro reporter assay, we find that several AD risk-associated TREM2 mutations decrease ligand-dependent activation. Using humanized TREM2 mice, we find that in vivo, the R47H mutation leads to reduced microglia activation and response to A_, as well as decreased shedding of soluble TREM2. These results suggest that TREM2 is protective during disease. We …
Electrophysiology Of The Inner Retina In Health And Disease: Eaat5 In The Rod Bipolar Cell And Oscillatory Potentials In Diabetes, Gregory William Bligard
Electrophysiology Of The Inner Retina In Health And Disease: Eaat5 In The Rod Bipolar Cell And Oscillatory Potentials In Diabetes, Gregory William Bligard
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The inner retina is a highly tractable location for the study of neural networks in the central nervous system and improving our understanding of the inner retina is important for the treatment of a number of ophthalmic diseases. This dissertation aims to improve understanding of the inner retina in two parts: first, a basic neuroscientific project concerning normal neuronal processing in the inner retina at a cellular level, and second, a translational ophthalmologic project regarding the development in the inner retina of a common disease. In mammals, modulation of the amplitude of dim visual signals primarily occurs at axon terminals …
The Enzymatic Function Of The Tir Domain: From Axon Degeneration To Innate Immunity, Kow Essuman
The Enzymatic Function Of The Tir Domain: From Axon Degeneration To Innate Immunity, Kow Essuman
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) domain is an evolutionarily ancient protein domain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes, and is an essential signaling component of innate immunity pathways. In animal innate immunity, TIR domains have primarily been described for their scaffolding function in assembling protein complexes in host defense. In plant immunity, TIR domains are key components of the intracellular Nucleotide Binding Leucine rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors that confer resistance to pathogens. These NLR receptors trigger cell death and an immune response upon activation, but their mechanism has remained elusive. In bacteria, TIR domain proteins have been suggested to function as …
The Role Of Apolipoprotein E In Alzheimer Disease: From Therapy To Mechanism, Tien-Phat Vuong Huynh
The Role Of Apolipoprotein E In Alzheimer Disease: From Therapy To Mechanism, Tien-Phat Vuong Huynh
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with irreversible damage to the brain, which manifests in cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and eventual death. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques, which are cerebral aggregates consisting of fibrils of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ), and filamentous lesions of the microtubule-associated protein tau known as neurofibrillary tangles. In the early 1990s, the apolipoprotein E (apoE) was found to co-localize with amyloid plaques. The ε4 allele of the APOE gene was sequentially identified as the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, increasing the risk by 4 – 12-fold, whereas the ε2 allele …