Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Communication As A Public Health Training And Workforce Development Issue, Nancy L. Winterbauer, Ann P. Rafferty, Katherine A. Jones, Mary Tucker-Mclaughlin, Colleen Bridger

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Effective communication is one of the core competencies for public health professionals and is required for local health department (LHD) accreditation. Public health communication specialists play a critical role as conduits of health information, particularly with regard to managing relationships with media and the message that is ultimately represented by news outlets. However, capacity for engagement with traditional media in community health improvement at the local level has not been well-described. As part of a larger study examining the use and impact of the County Health Rankings in North Carolina, LHD media staffing and interaction with traditional media were examined …

Exploring The Use Patterns Of A Mobile Health Application For Alcohol Addiction Before The Initial Lapse After Detoxification, Ming-Yuan Chih

Health and Clinical Sciences Faculty Publications

How patients used Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS), a mobile health intervention, while quitting drinking is worthy exploring. This study is to explore A-CHESS use patterns prior to the initial lapse reported after discharge from inpatient detoxification programs. 142 patients with alcohol addiction from two treatment agencies in the U.S. were included. A comprehensive set of A-CHESS use measures were developed based on a three-level system use framework and three A-CHESS service categories. In latent profile analyses, three A-CHESS system use patterns-inactive, passive, and active users-were found. Compared to the passive users (with the highest chance of the initial …

Confidence Interval Estimation In R-Das, Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya, James C. Anthony

Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya

Background

Roughly 25 years ago, the United States National Institute on Drug Abuse (US NIDA) initiated the creation of public use datasets for its National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, since re-named the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), which assumed responsibility for the survey in 1992, has continued and expanded this effort to make the survey data available to researchers. During 2012, SAMHSA created a “Restricted-Use Data Analysis System” (R-DAS) to provide researchers with the capability to create tabulations using restricted NSDUH variables not otherwise available on the …

From Drug Use To Dependence: A Multiparametric Approach, Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya, James C. Anthony

Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya

One of the hallmarks of a drug dependence (DD) process is an escalation in rate of drug self-administration (DSA). We seek to extend current biostatistical approaches for epidemiological research on drug dependence processes via an investigation of a four-parameter dose-effect curve (DEC).

Communication Partnerships That Work: Translating Evidence-Based Health Research Into Practice, Angela Carman, Gretchen Holmes, Anna G. Hoover, Margaret Mcgladrey, Ernie Scott, Mary Tucker-Mclaughlin, Nancy Winterbauer

Anna G. Hoover

Healthcare and public health research ultimately seek to improve patient and population health. Unfortunately, more than a decade often passes before research findings become routinized in practice. Improving translational speed, reach, and efficacy requires partnerships among researchers, practitioners, community stakeholders, and communication scholars. This panel will be presenting two partnership models that work.

The University of Kentucky (UK) Center of Excellence in Rural Health (CERH) seeks to improve the health of rural Kentuckians through education, research, service, and community engagement. They do this by partnering with hospitals and clinics, health professionals, community service agencies, non-profits and other organizations. Panelists will …

From Blue To Green: The Development And Implementation Of A Horticultural Therapy Program For Residents Of A Battered Women’S Shelter, Claire M. Renzetti, Diane R. Follingstad, Diane Fleet

CRVAW Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

Confidence Interval Estimation In R-Das: State-Level Estimates For Extra-Medical Use Of Prescription Pain Relievers, Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya, James C. Anthony

Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya

The specific methodological aims of our research are: 1) to clarify statistical inference procedures used by R-DAS to produce confidence interval estimates; 2) to review a simple solution to some of the research questions not currently addressed by R-DAS (i.e., with respect to tests of significance); and 3) to describe how in certain situations the percentages and the corresponding standard errors, which are suppressed from the R-DAS output due to the confidentiality concerns can be estimated “by hand”.

Children, Adolescents And Firesetting, Joav Merrick, Carrie Howell Bowling, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The research of firesetting has been conducted in different ways and lacks a coherent, consistent and comprehensive set of empirical findings. A recent review concluded that despite a number of risk factors being repeatedly identified, an understanding of the etiology behind firesetting behavior and potential developmental trajectories remains theoretically rather than empirically based. Existing theories do not take sufficient account of the complexities of firesetting behavior and there is not yet a typology and accompanying assessment that has undergone thorough empirical testing and is of significant clinical utility. Due to the relationship between firesetting and antisocial behavior there is a …

Firesetting Behavior And Psychiatric Disorders, Stephanie Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Firesetting behavior results in serious damage to lives and property every year. Firesetting has been linked to a number of comorbid psychiatric disorders including depression, substance abuse, conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, psychotic disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizophrenia. Psychiatric disorders differ by gender. In addition, juvenile firesetters have history of a separate set of psychiatric comorbidities. The strong correlation between psychiatric comorbidities and firesetting behavior illustrates the need for fire service and mental health collaboration.

Adolescent Bereavement, Leslie Robin, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Depending on cognitive and emotional development, an adolescent may grieve very differently than a child or an adult. While mature enough to understand death's irreversibility, adolescents may not fully comprehend the enduring consequences of a loved one's death. As the desire to separate from their families and forge new intimate relationships with peers assumes increasing priority, adolescents can seem egocentric in their reaction to death, a response which often frustrates and perplexes adults. Because volatile behavior is characteristic of adolescence, health providers struggle to differentiate between normal and complicated bereavement. Here we review the commonly-accepted characteristics of normal and complicated …

Children, Violence And Bullying, Joav Merrick, Isack Kandel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Adolescent violence is a very visible phenomenon in our modern society, where you just have to open the newspaper or the television and you find yourself right in the middle of it. In order to understand the scope of the problem, we need to look at the epidemiology of global violence. Each year, more than 1.6 million people worldwide lose their lives to violence and for every person who dies as a result of violence, many more are injured and suffer from a range of physical, sexual, reproductive and mental health problems. Violence places a massive burden on national economies …

The Off-Label Use Of Atypical Antipsychotics And Its Impact On Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Minji Sohn

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) (also known as second-generation antipsychotics) are the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, depression and autism. Compared to the typical antipsychotics, AAPs were marketed as reducing adverse side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms. This resulted in extensive use of AAPs for not only the FDA approved indications but also other conditions that are not approved. However, several post-marketing clinical trials evaluated the use of AAPs and reported serious adverse side effects, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular events, or death.

The extensive use of AAPs by pediatrics is an important policy problem …

Mobile Delivery Of Treatment For Alcohol Use Disorders: A Review Of The Literature, Andrew Quanbeck, Ming-Yuan Chih, Andrew Isham, David H. Gustafson

Health and Clinical Sciences Faculty Publications

Several systems for treating alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) exist that operate on mobile phones. These systems are categorized into four groups: text-messaging monitoring and reminder systems, text-messaging intervention systems, comprehensive recovery management systems, and game-based systems. Text-messaging monitoring and reminder systems deliver reminders and prompt reporting of alcohol consumption, enabling continuous monitoring of alcohol use. Text-messaging intervention systems additionally deliver text messages designed to promote abstinence and recovery. Comprehensive recovery management systems use the capabilities of smart-phones to provide a variety of tools and services that can be tailored to individuals, including in-the-moment assessments and access to peer discussion groups. Game-based …

Teens Texting, Archana Srinivas, Megan White, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

In this chapter we summarize the current literature on texting use amongst adolescents. A brief overview will be presented on the prevalence of texting among teenagers, the use of texting for sexting and cyberbullying as well as the dangers of texting while driving. This chapter will serve as a brief overview of these topics in order to bring to light the emerging challenges that texting presents to the mental and physical well-being of adolescents in an effort to evoke further discussion regarding the need for increasing awareness and education to parents, educators, law makers and health care providers concerning these …

Primary And Secondary Prevention Of Hepatitis C Virus Among Rural Appalachian People Who Use Drugs, Dustin B. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 3% of the global population chronically infected. Clinical impacts in the United States are projected to increase for two decades, and mortality attributed to HCV now exceeds HIV. Injection drug use (IDU) is the most common route of transmission in the developed world. Advances in treatment offer hope of mitigating HCV impacts, but substantial barriers obstruct people who inject drugs (PWID) from receiving care, particularly in medically underserved regions including Central Appalachia. This study assessed IDU paraphernalia sharing longitudinally over 24 months in a sample of …

Social Networks, Drug Use, And Drug Abuse Help-Seeking: A Test Of The Network Episode Model Among African American Women, Erin L. Pullen

Theses and Dissertations--Sociology

Untreated substance use disorders are a major public health concern that has costly consequences at both the societal and individual level. Identifying the characteristics and resources of those who seek help for substance abuse problems in order to inform more effective intervention and treatment techniques is therefore an important research objective. Using the Network Episode Model (NEM) as a theoretical framework, this dissertation examines both substance abuse help-seeking (i.e. inpatient/outpatient treatment and 12-Step meeting attendance) and patterns of drug use over time among low-income African American women, with a special focus on the role of the social network system in …

Implementation Of A Depression Screening Protocol Specific To Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients; A Quality Improvement Project, Kendra M. Kratzwald

DNP Projects

Background: Depression in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) is a problem that has not been well addressed by providers. In 2012 the American Heart Association (AHA) released a scientific statement that recommended structured and routine depression screening of these patients. The AHA statement also recommended further research on depression screening instruments and their use with this population. Aims: 1.) To develop and implement an evidenced based depression screening protocol appropriate for patients with an ICD seen in an outpatient setting. 2.) Evaluate provider knowledge about depression screening (? Is this what you mean) and depression screening practices before and …