Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Ovarian Cancer Screening: Lessons About Effectiveness, Edward J. Pavlik

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Discovery Of Novel, Orally Bioavailable, Antileishmanial Compounds Using Phenotypic Screening, Diana Ortiz, W. Armand Guiguemde, Jared T. Hammill, Angela K. Carrillo, Yizhe Chen, Michele Connelly, Kayla Stalheim, Carolyn Elya, Alex Johnson, Jaeki Min, Anang Shelat, David C. Smithson, Lei Yang, Fangyi Zhu, R. Kiplin Guy, Scott M. Landfear

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that afflicts approximately 12 million people worldwide. There are several limitations to the approved drug therapies for leishmaniasis, including moderate to severe toxicity, growing drug resistance, and the need for extended dosing. Moreover, miltefosine is currently the only orally available drug therapy for this infection. We addressed the pressing need for new therapies by pursuing a two-step phenotypic screen to discover novel, potent, and orally bioavailable antileishmanials. First, we conducted a high-throughput screen (HTS) of roughly 600,000 small molecules for growth inhibition against the promastigote form of the parasite life cycle using the nucleic acid …

An Investigation Of Factors Predicting The Type Of Bladder Antimuscarinics Initiated In Medicare Nursing Homes Residents, Daniela C. Moga, Qishan Wu, Pratik Doshi, Amie J. Goodin

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background: To examine factors predicting type of bladder antimuscarinics (BAM) initiated in nursing home (NH) residents.

Methods: Incident BAM initiators following NH admission were identified by constructing a retrospective cohort from Medicare files and Minimum Data Set (MDS). Participants included all residents 65 years and older admitted in Medicare-certified NH between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008 who were prescribed BAM and had continuous Medicare (Part A, B, and D) enrollment. Patient characteristics, medications, and comorbidities were derived from Medicare enrollment and claims. NH characteristics and health status were derived from MDS assessments. The outcome was defined as type …

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Institution Experience With Review Of Literature, Aman Chauhan, Millicent Horn, Gray Magee, Kurt Hodges, B. Mark Evers, Susanne Arnold, Lowell B. Anthony

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

This unique case series and review of literature suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors may have clinical activity in neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective: Summarize advances of immuno-oncology in neuroendocrine tumors with the help of a case series.

Design: Case series and review of literature.

Intervention or Exposure: The patients were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab or nivolumab).

Main Outcome(s) and Measures(s): Life expectancy, quality of life, disease progression.

Results: Maximum durable response of 16 months in one of the patients so far. All patients showed improvement in quality of life before disease progression. Two out of four are still on therapy. …

Nuclear Spindles Pave The Way To Metastasis, Patrick J. Hensley, Natasha Kyprianou

Urology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Tfpiα Interacts With Fva And Fxa To Inhibit Prothrombinase During The Initiation Of Coagulation, Jeremy P. Wood, Helle H. Petersen, Bingke Yu, Xiaoai Wu, Ida Hilden, Alan E. Mast

Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor α (TFPIα) inhibits prothrombinase, the thrombin-generating complex of factor Xa (FXa) and factor Va (FVa), during the initiation of coagulation. This inhibition requires binding of a conserved basic region within TFPIα to a conserved acidic region in FXa-activated and platelet-released FVa. In this study, the contribution of interactions between TFPIα and the FXa active site and FVa heavy chain to prothrombinase inhibition were examined to further define the inhibitory biochemistry. Removal of FXa active site binding by mutation or by deletion of the second Kunitz domain (K2) of TFPIα produced 17- or 34-fold weaker prothrombinase inhibition, …

Cdc Grand Rounds: National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) Registry Impact, Challenges, And Future Directions, Paul Mehta, D. Kevin Horton, Edward J. Kasarskis, Ed Tessaro, M. Shira Eisenberg, Susan Laird, John Iskander

Neurology Faculty Publications

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a rapidly progressive fatal neurologic disease. Currently, there is no cure for ALS and the available treatments only extend life by an average of a few months. The majority of ALS patients die within 2–5 years of diagnosis, though survival time varies depending on disease progression (1,2). For approximately 10% of patients, ALS is familial, meaning it and has a genetic component; the remaining 90% have sporadic ALS, where etiology is unknown, but might be linked to environmental factors such as chemical exposures (e.g., heavy …

Snail Determines The Therapeutic Response To Mtor Kinase Inhibitors By Transcriptional Repression Of 4e-Bp1, Jun Wang, Qing Ye, Yanan Cao, Yubin Guo, Xiuping Huang, Wenting Mi, Side Liu, Chi Wang, Hsin-Sheng Yang, Binhua P. Zhou, B. Mark Evers, Qing-Bai She

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Loss of 4E-BP1 expression has been linked to cancer progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but the mechanism underlying 4E-BP1 downregulation in tumors remains unclear. Here we identify Snail as a strong transcriptional repressor of 4E-BP1. We find that 4E-BP1 expression inversely correlates with Snail level in cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Snail binds to three E-boxes present in the human 4E-BP1 promoter to repress transcription of 4E-BP1. Ectopic expression of Snail in cancer cell lines lacking Snail profoundly represses 4E-BP1 expression, promotes cap-dependent translation in polysomes, and reduces the anti-proliferative effect of mTOR kinase inhibitors. Conversely, genetic …

Development And Validation Of Nomograms Predictive Of Overall And Progression-Free Survival In Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer, Carol Fakhry, Qiang Zhang, Phuc Felix Nguyen-Tân, David I. Rosenthal, Randal S. Weber, Louise Lambert, Andy M. Trotti Iii, William L. Barrett, Wade L. Thorstad, Christopher U. Jones, Sue S. Yom, Stuart J. Wong, John A. Ridge, Shyam S. D. Rao, James A. Bonner, Eric Vigneault, David Raben, Mahesh R. Kudrimoti, Jonathan Harris, Quynh-Thu Le, Maura L. Gillison

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose

Treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is evolving toward risk-based modification of therapeutic intensity, which requires patient-specific estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods

To develop and validate nomograms for OS and PFS, we used a derivation cohort of 493 patients with OPSCC with known p16 tumor status (surrogate of human papillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned to clinical trials using platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 0129 and 0522). Nomograms were created from Cox models and internally validated by use of bootstrap and cross-validation. Model discrimination was measured by …

Type 2 Neural Progenitor Cell Activation Drives Reactive Neurogenesis After Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure In Adolescent Male Rats, Chelsea Rhea Geil Nickell, Hui Peng, Dayna M. Hayes, Kevin Y. Chen, Justin A. Mcclain, Kimberly Nixon

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Excessive alcohol consumption during adolescence remains a significant health concern as alcohol drinking during adolescence increases the likelihood of an alcohol use disorder in adulthood by fourfold. Binge drinking in adolescence is a particular problem as binge-pattern consumption is the biggest predictor of neurodegeneration from alcohol and adolescents are particularly susceptible to the damaging effects of alcohol. The adolescent hippocampus, in particular, is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced structural and functional effects, including volume and neuron loss. However, hippocampal structure and function may recover with abstinence and, like in adults, a reactive burst in hippocampal neurogenesis in abstinence may contribute to …

Long-Term Follow-Up Of Cardiac Function And Quality Of Life For Patients In Nsabp Protocol B-31/Nrg Oncology: A Randomized Trial Comparing The Safety And Efficacy Of Doxorubicin And Cyclophosphamide (Ac) Followed By Paclitaxel With Ac Followed By Paclitaxel And Trastuzumab In Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer With Tumors Overexpressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, Patricia A. Ganz, Edward H. Romond, Reena S. Cecchini, Priya Rastogi, Charles E. Geyer Jr., Sandra M. Swain, Jong-Hyeon Jeong, Louis Fehrenbacher, Howard M. Gross, Adam M. Brufsky, Patrick J. Flynn, Tanya A. Wahl, Thomas E. Seay, James L. Wade Iii, David D. Biggs, James N. Atkins, Jonathan Polikoff, John L. Zapas, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Norman Wolmark

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Purpose

Early cardiac toxicity is a risk associated with adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. However, objective measures of cardiac function and health-related quality of life are lacking in long-term follow-up of patients who remain cancer free after completion of adjuvant treatment.

Patients and Methods

Patients in NSABP Protocol B-31 received anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab for adjuvant treatment of node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive early-stage breast cancer. A long-term follow-up assessment was undertaken for patients who were alive and disease free, which included measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction by multigated acquisition scan along with patient-reported …

Bayesian Prediction Intervals For Assessing P-Value Variability In Prospective Replication Studies, Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya, Gabriel Ruiz, Dmitri Zaykin

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Increased availability of data and accessibility of computational tools in recent years have created an unprecedented upsurge of scientific studies driven by statistical analysis. Limitations inherent to statistics impose constraints on the reliability of conclusions drawn from data, so misuse of statistical methods is a growing concern. Hypothesis and significance testing, and the accompanying P-values are being scrutinized as representing the most widely applied and abused practices. One line of critique is that P-values are inherently unfit to fulfill their ostensible role as measures of credibility for scientific hypotheses. It has also been suggested that while P-values …

Buprenorphine For Medication-Assisted Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder In Pregnancy: Relationship To Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Niraj R. Chavan, Kristin Ashford, Amanda T. Wiggins, Michelle R. Lofwall, Agatha S. Critchfield

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective To examine the relationship between antepartum buprenorphine dose for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) of opioid use disorder (OUD) and incident neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS).

Study Design We performed a prospective cohort study of pregnant women with a singleton gestation diagnosed with OUD and receiving buprenorphine for MAT at a tertiary care academic institution from July 2015 to January 2017. We divided the study cohort into two groups—pregnancies with versus without NOWS. Substance abuse patterns in pregnancy, maternal, and neonatal clinical outcomes were compared.

Results The incidence of NOWS was 31.11% (n = 28/90) in our study cohort. Pregnancies …

Prenatal Opioid Exposure And Intermittent Hypoxemia In Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Assessment, Elie G. Abu Jawdeh, Philip M. Westgate, Amrita Pant, Audra L. Stacy, Divya Mamilla, Aayush Gabrani, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Henrietta S. Bada, Peter J. Giannone

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction: Intermittent hypoxemia (IH) is defined as episodic drops in oxygen saturation (SpO₂). Preterm infants are at increased risk for IH due to their immature respiratory control/apnea of prematurity. The clinical relevance of IH is a relatively new observation with rising evidence linking IH to neonatal morbidities and long-term impairment. Hence, assessing factors that influence IH in preterm infants is imperative. Given the epidemic of opioid misuse in the USA, there is an urgent need to understand the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on neonatal outcomes. Hence, we wanted to assess the relationship between isolated prenatal opioid exposure …

Methylglyoxal Requires Ac1 And Trpa1 To Produce Pain And Spinal Neuron Activation, Ryan B. Griggs, Don E. Laird, Renee R. Donahue, Weisi Fu, Bradley K. Taylor

Physiology Faculty Publications

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose that may contribute to peripheral neuropathy and pain in diabetic patients. MG increases intracellular calcium in sensory neurons and produces behavioral nociception via the cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). However, rigorous characterization of an animal model of methylglyoxal-evoked pain is needed, including testing whether methylglyoxal promotes negative pain affect. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether methylglyoxal is sufficient to activate neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn, whether this requires TRPA1, and if the calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase 1 isoform (AC1) contributes to MG-evoked pain. We administered intraplantar methylglyoxal and then evaluated …

Type 1 Diabetes Alters Lipid Handling And Metabolism In Human Fibroblasts And Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Albert R. Jones Iv, Emily L. Coleman, Nicholas R. Husni, Jude T. Deeney, Forum Raval, Devin Steenkamp, Hans Dooms, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk, Barbara E. Corkey

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Triggers of the autoimmune response that leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain poorly understood. A possibility is that parallel changes in both T cells and target cells provoke autoimmune attack. We previously documented greater Ca²⁺ transients in fibroblasts from T1D subjects than non-T1D after exposure to fatty acids (FA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). These data indicate that metabolic and signal transduction defects present in T1D can be elicited ex vivo in isolated cells. Changes that precede T1D, including inflammation, may activate atypical responses in people that are genetically predisposed to T1D. To identify such cellular differences …

Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes In The Cell Types Of The Brain, Erica M. Weekman, Abigail E. Woolums, Tiffany L. Sudduth, Donna M. Wilcock

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

High plasma levels of homocysteine, termed hyperhomocysteinemia, are a risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, which is the second leading cause of dementia. While hyperhomocysteinemia induces microhemorrhages and cognitive decline in mice, the specific effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on each cell type remains unknown. We took separate cultures of astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells and treated each with moderate levels of homocysteine for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. We then determined the gene expression changes for cell-specific markers and neuroinflammatory markers including the matrix metalloproteinase 9 system. Astrocytes had decreased levels of several astrocytic end feet …

Effect Of Hyperchloremia On Acute Kidney Injury In Critically Ill Septic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lenar Yessayan, Javier A. Neyra, Fabrizio Canepa-Escaro, George Vasquez-Rios, Michael Heung, Jerry Yee, Acute Kidney Injury In Critical Illness Study Group

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Hyperchloremia is common in critically ill septic patients. The impact of hyperchloremia on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well studied. We investigated the association between hyperchloremia and AKI within the first 72 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods: 6490 ICU adult patients admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock were screened for eligibility. Exclusion criteria included: AKI on admission, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 ml/min/1.73 m², chronic renal replacement therapy, absent baseline serum creatinine data, and absent serum chloride data on ICU admission.

Results: A total of 1045 patients were available for …

A Deafness Mechanism Of Digenic Cx26 (Gjb2) And Cx30 (Gjb6) Mutations: Reduction Of Endocochlear Potential By Impairment Of Heterogeneous Gap Junctional Function In The Cochlear Lateral Wall, Ling Mei, Jin Chen, Liang Zong, Yan Zhu, Chun Liang, Raleigh O. Jones, Hong-Bo Zhao

Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery Faculty Publications

Digenic Connexin26 (Cx26, GJB2) and Cx30 (GJB6) heterozygous mutations are the second most frequent cause of recessive deafness in humans. However, the underlying deafness mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we created different double Cx26 and Cx30 heterozygous (Cx26^+/−/Cx30^+/−) mouse models to investigate the underlying pathological changes and deafness mechanism. We found that double Cx26^+/−/Cx30^+/− heterozygous mice had hearing loss. Endocochlear potential (EP), which is a driving force for hair cells producing auditory receptor current, was reduced. However, unlike Cx26 homozygous knockout (Cx26^−/−) mice, the cochlea in Cx26 …

Negative Outcomes Of Teen Sexual Activity: Is There A Regional Effect?, Hannah Latta, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

A recent victory with respect to teen sexual behavior is the reduction of the national teen birth rate. In 1991, there were 61.8 births per 1000 females aged 15-19. By 2014, this rate plummeted to 24.2 births per 1000 adolescent females. Averages, however, do not reflect state-level variation. For example, in 2014, Kentucky reported 35.3 births per 1000 adolescent females, while New York reported a teen birth rates of 16.1 births per 1000 adolescent females. This report asks: are these discrepancies due to regional factors, and are these differences statistically significant? To examine rural and urban differences in outcomes of …

Preserving And Restoring Bone With Continuous Insulin Infusion Therapy In A Mouse Model Of Type 1 Diabetes, Jeffry S. Nyman, Evangelia Kalaitzoglou, R. Clay Bunn, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Kathryn M. Thrailkill, John L. Fowlkes

Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Faculty Publications

Those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to suffer a fracture than age- and sex-matched individuals without diabetes, despite daily insulin therapy. In rodent studies examining the effect of bone- or glucose-targeting therapies on preventing the T1D-related decrease in bone strength, insulin co-therapy is often not included, despite the known importance of insulin signaling to bone mass accrual. Therefore, working toward a relevant pre-clinical model of diabetic bone disease, we assessed the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy at escalating doses on preserving bone and the effect of delayed CSII on rescuing the T1D-related bone deterioration …

Common Tdp1 Polymorphisms In Relation To Survival Among Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Study From The International Lung Cancer Consortium, Pawadee Lohavanichbutr, Lori C. Sakoda, Christopher I. Amos, Susanne M. Arnold, David C. Christiani, Michael P. A. Davies, John K. Field, Eric B. Haura, Rayjean J Hung, Takashi Kohno, Maria Teresa Landi, Geoffrey Liu, Yi Liu, Michael W. Marcus, Grainne M. O'Kane, Matthew B. Schabath, Kouya Shiraishi, Stacey A. Slone, Adonina Tardón, Ping Yang, Kazushi Yoshida, Ruyang Zhang, Xuchen Zong, Gary E. Goodman, Noel S. Weiss, Chu Chen

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background—DNA topoisomerase inhibitors are commonly used for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) repairs DNA damage caused by this class of drugs and may therefore influence treatment outcome. In this study, we investigated whether common TDP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with overall survival among SCLC patients.

Methods—Two TDP1 SNPs (rs942190 and rs2401863) were analyzed in 890 patients from 10 studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate genotype associations with overall mortality at 36 months postdiagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, race, and tumor stage. …

Ecog-Acrin (E4805) Randomized Phase Ii Study To Determine The Effect Of 2 Different Doses Of Aflibercept In Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, Roberto Pili, Opeyemi Jegede, Michael A. Carducci, Judith Manola, David L. Groteluschen, Leonard L. Appleman, Glenn Liu, James C. Shanks, Shaker R. Dakhil, Janice Dutcher, Robert S. Dipaola

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background—Aflibercept is a recombinantly-produced fusion protein that has potent anti-VEGF activity. We tested whether aflibercept has clinical activity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The recommended Phase 2 dose was 4 mg/kg but several patients treated at 1 mg/kg demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS). We therefore tested both doses in a parallel group randomized trial.

Methods—Eligible patients (pts) had histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic ccRCC and previous treatments including prior exposure to a VEGF RTKI. Patients received aflibercept (either 1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg) day 1 of a 14-day cycle until progression. Patients randomized to 1 mg/kg …

A Customized Quantitative Pcr Microrna Panel Provides A Technically Robust Context For Studying Neurodegenerative Disease Biomarkers And Indicates A High Correlation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid And Choroid Plexus Microrna Expression, Wang-Xia Wang, David W. Fardo, Gregory A. Jicha, Peter T. Nelson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression varies in association with different tissue types and in diseases. Having been found in body fluids including blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), miRNAs constitute potential biomarkers. CSF miRNAs have been proposed as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases; however, there is a lack of consensus about the best candidate miRNA biomarkers and there has been variability in results from different research centers, perhaps due to technical factors. Here, we sought to optimize technical parameters for CSF miRNA studies. We examined different RNA isolation methods and performed miRNA expression profiling with TaqMan® miRNA Arrays. More specifically, we developed a customized …

Sustained Sensitizing Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha On Sensory Nerves In Lung And Airways, Ruei-Lung Lin, Qihai Gu, Mehdi Khosravi, Lu-Yuan Lee

Physiology Faculty Publications

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases. Inhalation of aerosolized TNFα induced airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by airway inflammation in healthy human subjects, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We recently reported a series of studies aimed to investigate if TNFα elevates the sensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves in a mouse model; these studies are summarized in this mini-review. Our results showed that intratracheal instillation of TNFα induced pronounced airway inflammation 24 hours later, as illustrated by infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils and the release of inflammatory mediators and …

Cerebrovascular Pathology In Down Syndrome And Alzheimer Disease, Elizabeth Head, Michael J. Phelan, Eric Doran, Ronald C. Kim, Wayne W. Poon, Frederick A. Schmitt, Ira T. Lott

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD) with age. Typically, by age 40 years, most people with DS have sufficient neuropathology for an AD diagnosis. Interestingly, atherosclerosis and hypertension are atypical in DS with age, suggesting the lack of these vascular risk factors may be associated with reduced cerebrovascular pathology. However, because the extra copy of APP leads to increased beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) accumulation in DS, we hypothesized that there would be more extensive and widespread cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with age in DS relative to sporadic AD. To test this hypothesis CAA, …

Revisiting The Applicability Of Adult Early Post-Operative Nausea And Vomiting Risk Factors For The Paediatric Patient: A Prospective Study Using Cotinine Levels In Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomies, Destiny F. Chau, Arundathi Reddy, Patrick Breheny, Anna Rebecca Young, Eric Ashford, Megan Song, Christina Zhang, Tammy Taylor, Abbas Younes, Turaj Vazifedan

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Background and Aims: Post-operative vomiting (POV) in children remains a significant clinical problem. This prospective study aims to investigate the applicability of well-established adult early post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) risk factors on paediatric POV after adenotonsillectomies under regulated anaesthetic conditions. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 213 children aged 3–10-year-old were enrolled. The participants had pre-operative questionnaires completed, followed protocolised anaesthetic plans and had saliva analysed for cotinine. The primary outcomes were POV as correlated with age, gender, family or personal history of PONV, motion sickness history, opioid use, surgical time, anaesthetic time and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, …

End-Of-Life Care And Opioid Use In India: Challenges And Opportunities, Aasems Jacob, Aju Mathew

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Dietary Salt Knowledge, Perceptions, And Beliefs On Consumption Choices After Stroke In Uganda, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic, Svetlana Pundik, Mark Kaddumukasa, Larry B. Goldstein

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background

Previous research on Uganda's poststroke population revealed that their level of dietary salt knowledge did not lead to healthier consumption choices.

Purpose

Identify barriers and motivators for healthy dietary behaviors and evaluate the understanding of widely accepted salt regulation mechanisms among poststroke patients in Uganda.

Methods

Convergent parallel mixed methods triangulation design comprised a cross-sectional survey (n = 81) and 8 focus group discussions with 7-10 poststroke participants in each group. We assessed participant characteristics and obtained insights into their salt consumption attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge. Qualitative responses were analyzed using an inductive approach with thematic analytic procedures. Relationships …

Emergency Department Repair Of Blunt Right Atrial Rupture Utilizing Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Samuel P. Carmichael, Michael C. Bounds, Alexis E. Shafii, Phillip K. Chang

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) with free wall rupture carries a high risk of pre-hospital death. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been utilized as a bridge to repair of cardiac lesions in select patients. We present an interesting case of emergency department repair of right atrial rupture with cardiopulmonary bypass.