Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Classification According To Immunohistochemistry Markers And Its Association With Pathological Characteristics Among Women Attending Tertiary Hospitals In Tanzania., Allyzain Ismail

Theses & Dissertations

Background:

Breast cancer immunohistochemistry is a biological characteristic of the tumour which has a role to diagnose molecular subtype, prognosticate and guide treatment and categorised into 4 subtypes, Luminal A, Luminal B, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) enriched and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of each molecular subtype of breast cancer and determine their association with pathological and demographic characteristics.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at two tertiary referral hospitals on participants who were recruited from the cancer registries from 2015-2022 and had a breast tissue biopsy confirming primary breast …

Treatment Evaluation Of Iron Deficiency Anemia In Women Of An Underserved Community, Bukola Olusanya

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background/Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common micronutrient deficiency globally. More than 20% of women experience IDA during the reproductive year. As the first-line treatment in IDA, oral iron supplement (IOS) is associated with gastrointestinal side (GI) effects, and it is often a barrier to achieving normal hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) levels. Ineffective treatment fueled by a lack of guidelines increases the dilemma of dosing frequency in primary care, leads to poor quality of life, and increases the burden of anemia.

Intervention: Evidence showed that intermittent OIS is as effective as daily dosing. It is associated …

Increasing Physical Activity In Women With Obesity To Promote Weight Loss, Ashley N. Kohler

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with a multitude of lifelong chronic illnesses. Obesity impacts more than 42% of the United States population (CDC, 2021b). Physical inactivity is a major determinant of obesity (Muerer et al., 2019). The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to promote a greater reduction in body mass index (BMI) of the participants enrolled in an existing wellness program at the EBP practice site by increasing the physical activity level of the participants compared to standard protocol. The existing wellness program’s standard protocol included diet modifications, physical activity encouragement, and medication management. The EBP …

Healing Through Mother Earth, Taylor A. Russell

Dance (MFA) Theses

This thesis deals with mental health, with a focus on Black women. Historically, Black women are often so compromised, being constant caregivers and helping everyone else, that they forget to help themselves, not having the time and financial means to do so. If we go back in the time of slavery, many Black women were taking care of slave owners' children and suckling the white women’s babies instead of their own. By the time they got home and after diligently caring for other people’s children they were focused on their own children, who they had been away from for hours …

Uterine Fibroid Prevalence And Health Care Disparities By County. Florida, 2010-2019, Saarah K. Sherifi

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Also known as uterine fibroids, leiomyomas occur in 70% of women. A uterine leiomyoma is a benign growth in the muscular wall of the uterus which, if left untreated, can grow, and affect surrounding organs, leading to complications, including hemorrhage and death. Symptomatic women often experience pain and debilitating menstrual cycles which, in turn, result in poor health, poor quality of life, and loss of income. Preventative and treatment services in Florida could benefit from the characteristics of women affected the most by this disease in the state. Thus, we describe the demographic characteristics and estimate the prevalence rate of …

Hips That Harm: When Medical Devices Fail Women, Sophie N. Putka

Capstones

Medical devices that save the lives of thousands of Americans each year advance at a rapid pace - but some of them consistently leave women behind. When it comes to joint replacements and even heart devices, women have worse health outcomes. Behind this preventable problem is a system that overlooks women from start to finish. Female bodies are different from male bodies, but women are often underrepresented in medical trials for device approval. Women’s participation in clinical testing for devices has increased, but there’s rarely a detailed analysis of performance by sex, and even less information on women by race …

Mass Matters: Increasing Mammography Rates To Underserved Women, Ingrid N. Cooper

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in Indiana and the United States (Indiana Cancer Organization, 2019). An estimated 268,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed and 41,760 women died due to breast cancer in 2019 (ACS, 2019). Substantial breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality disparities persist among the underserved. Disparities in breast cancer outcomes are due to lower mammography screening rates, lack of timely follow-up of abnormal results, and lack of timely treatment initiation among women with breast cancer (Highfield et al., 2015). The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to address low mammography …

Increasing Chlamydia Trachomatis And Neisseria Gonorrhea Screening Among Women 15 To 24 Years Old Using A Multifaceted Approach, Mackenzie Shireman

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017a) estimates that one-quarter of sexually active people are between 15 and 24 years old, but account for half of 20 million sexually transmitted diseases (STD) reported annually in the United States. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) are the most common reportable STDs (CDC, 2018). The purpose of this project was to increase CT/NG screening rates among sexually active, nonpregnant women 15 to 24 years old within the primary care setting through colleague education, routine sexual history taking, and indicated testing. A 30-minute colleague in-service was provided to educate clinical …

The Burden Of Urinary Incontinence Among African Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Women Seeking Care At The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Martin Kimemia Mbuthia

Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Female urinary incontinence is a common and chronic condition with devastating psychosocial effects. It can occur at any age and is specifically more common in older women. It has a prevalence of up to 55% depending on the age-group and the target population studied. About 9% of adults globally have diabetes and a greater number live in LMICs. Diabetes is twice as prevalent in blacks and three to four times higher in South-Asian populations compared to Caucasian populations. In women with Type 2 DM, urinary incontinence is 30% to 70% more common than among women with normal glucose levels. …

Prevalence And Factors Associated With Female Sexual Dysfunction Amongst Women Using Hormonal And Non-Hormonal Contraception At The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Clinics, Momin Butt

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Female sexual function is a complex phenomenon. It integrates all the body systems and is influenced by a variety of factors. Contraceptives have been shown to have variable effects on female sexual function, but there have not been adequately powered studies on this in our setting.

Justification: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been shown to vary among different population subsets globally. The associations of different factors with FSD have also shown variable conclusions that are not generalizable to our setting. In Kenya there is a high discontinuation rate of contraception and this is mainly attributed to …

Association Of Tissue Vitamin D Receptor Expression With Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes In Kenyan Women, Mutambuki Kimondo

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Previous studies have shown that reduced vitamin D receptor expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with worse disease outcomes. Furthermore, studies show that estrogen negative and triple negative breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and a low breast tissue vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. Other studies also report that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with more aggressive breast cancer.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with both a retrospective and a prospective arm. The retrospective part was nested within a larger study; previously constructed tissue microarray blocks (TMA) blocks were used for analysis …

"To Conceive With Child Is The Earnest Desire If Not Of All, Yet Of Most Women": The Advancement Of Prenatal Care And Childbirth In Early Modern England: 1500-1770, Victoria E.C. Glover

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes medical manuals published in England between 1500 and 1770 to trace developing medical understandings and prescriptive approaches to conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. While there have been plenty of books written regarding social and religious changes in the reproductive process during the early modern era, there is a dearth of scholarly work focusing on the medical changes which took place in obstetrics over this period. Early modern England was a time of great change in the field of obstetrics as physicians incorporated newly-discovered knowledge about the male and female body, new fields and tools, and new or revived …

Improving Hpv Vaccination Series Initiation Rates And Compliance Among Indigent Women In South Texas, Ages 19-26, Through Provider Recommendation And Additional Clinic Funding: A Quality Improvement Project, Lacey Cudd

Doctor of Nursing Practice

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase human papillomavirus vaccination series initiation rates among indigent women, ages 19-26, at a clinic in South Texas. The human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted infection that has been associated with multiple types of cancers. Each year, approximately 6.2 million cases of the human papillomavirus infection are diagnosed; as many as 75% of all new infections occur among females 18-26 years of age. The human papillomavirus vaccination has a high efficacy in regards to cancer prevention, preventing as many as 76% of cancers with only one dose. The project included educating …

Initiating Hpv Co-Testing For Women Aged 30-65 In An Ob/Gyn Practice Setting, Stephen Cavazos

Doctor of Nursing Practice

The purpose of this project was to improve the rate of successful human papilloma virus (HPV) screening in a small Texas based Women's Health clinic through a co-testing method. The intended goal was to increase the rate of HPV screening, from a 73% baseline, to 95% over a 10-week period for women between the ages of 30-65 years old. Approximately 79 million American women are currently infected with HPV, and 14 million people contract it every year. Seventy percent of cervical cancers today are caused by HPV, leading to approximately 12,820 new diagnoses of invasive cervical cancer predicted for 2017, …

Is 100mg Flibanserin Effective In Increasing The Number Of Sexually Satisfying Events (Sse) In Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (Hsdd)?, Bridget M. Frymoyer

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not 100mg Flibanserin is effective in increasing the number of sexually satisfying events in women with HSDD.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three, placebo-controlled trials in which women > 18 years old with HSDD were treated with either 100mg Flibanserin or a Placebo once daily qhs for 24 weeks

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized, placebo-controlled trials found via PubMed searches and published in English peer-reviewed journals between 2011-2014

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured were the number of SSE over 4 weeks and analyzed with Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. …

Uncovering The Lived Experience Of Community-Dwelling Jewish Women Over 80 Who Self-Identify As Aging Successfully: A Phenomenological Study, Rebecca Fredman

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Background: Although there is significant scholarly interest in defining the concept of successful aging, there are very few small-scale, in-depth qualitative studies examining the lived experience of women over 80 who self-identify as aging successfully.

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of a small group of community-dwelling Jewish women over 80 in a single county in Northwestern Vermont who self-identify as aging successfully.

Approach: This study has a phenomenological approach.

Method: Phenomenological interviews were conducted with five women over 80 years of age. Interview content was analyzed, and shared themes were synthesized.

Findings: Findings …

The Medicalization Of Childbirth Within The United States, Alexandria Gesing

Honors Theses

The World Bank rates the United States last amongst developed countries for maternal mortality, with 14 deaths per 100,000 live births compared to Canada and the Netherlands with 7 deaths per 100,000 live births, and the UK with 9 per 100,000 live births. This paper argues that these deaths are strongly linked to excessive use of Cesarean sections, resulting from increased access to technology, and explores the attendant medicalization of childbirth in the United States. Drawing on interviews with patients, midwives, and physicians, in addition to participant observation of hospitals and private practices within the Tristate area; I compare the …

The Effect Of Education On Folic Acid In Women On Childbearing Age And Low Socioeconomic Status, Macey I. Bentley, Anna R. Goetsch, Courtney L. Perpich

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education to women of lower socioeconomic status about the importance of folic acid use before and during pregnancy. Previous research has shown the significance of folic acid in preventing neural tube defects; however, research has shown that women of lower socioeconomic status are not equipped with proper education regarding folic acid usage periconceptionally. An educational session was provided to three women’s shelters regarding folic acid, and questionnaires were used to gauge knowledge on folic acid before and after the sessions. The statistical analysis was consistent with our hypothesis in …

Effects Of An Osteoporosis Educational Intervention: Knowledge And Self-Efficacy Of Prevention In Young Adult Collegiate Females, Valerie A. Bollenbacher

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Osteoporosis is a silent and potentially debilitating chronic illness. In 2012, the CDC reported that 4.5 million women over the age of 50 were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the United States. Within the next 20 years, 41 million women worldwide are projected to have osteoporosis. The annual financial burden of osteoporosis is estimated to be 19 billion dollars. The objective of this evidence-based practice project was to answer the clinical question: In young adult collegiate females, how does an osteoporosis educational intervention compared to current education effect osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy of osteoporosis prevention over a one-month time period? The …

Race/Ethnicity, Subjective And Objective Sleep Quality, Physical And Psychological Symptoms In Breast Cancer Survivors, Pinky H. Budhrani

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is a major health problem and comprises the largest population of cancer survivors in the United States, estimated at 2.9 million women, accounting for 22% of all cancer survivors (National Cancer Institute, 2013). The advances in breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment has increased the importance of survivorship needs. A major concern among breast cancer survivors (BCS) is sleep disturbances. This study used an innovative approach to examine ethnic and racial disparities in sleep disturbances present in BCS. In addition, this study also explored sleep disturbances across different races/ethnicities. This study was a secondary data analysis of baseline …

Type 2 Diabetes And Insomnia: Impact On Metabolic Control, Cheryl Lee Tannas

Wayne State University Dissertations

Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges in the United States, affecting nearly 21 million Americans. The goal of diabetes management is to maintain the blood glucose close to normal to prevent diabetic complications and therefore extending life expectancy and improving quality of life. Research now indicates a relationship of the quantity and quality of sleep to glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. No research on the impact of insomnia on diabetes prevention and/or management was found in the literature. The purpose of this 11 week intervention study was to examine the effects of participation in Cognitive Behavioral …

A Study Of The Factors That Impact Female Military Beneficiaries Obtaining Preventive Health Services, Cynthia Andrea Chargois

Health Services Research Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine what factors predict whether female military retirees or the female beneficiary of a military retiree, ages 40 to 64, will obtain preventive health services, specifically, Pap smears, mammograms, and clinical breast examinations. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that it may be important for the Department of Defense to broaden their scope of interest to include those areas that are most prominent in affecting female military retirees or the female beneficiary of a military retiree, particularly those 40 to 64, in obtaining preventive health services.

The study comprised …

Impact Of Life Events, Trauma, Interpersonal Conflict And Substance Abuse On Pregnancy Outcomes Of Inner City Women, Barabara A. Caldwell

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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The Relationship Between Health Attitudes, Beliefs, Health Locus Of Control And Use Of Breast Cancer Screening Modalities In Elderly Hispanic Women, Debra Kay Gillett, Rosamaria Ortiz

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

A non-experimental design was used to examine the relationship between health attitudes, beliefs, locus of control and the use of breast cancer screening modalities in elderly Hispanic women in this pilot study. Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and the Health Belief Model were the supporting theoretical frameworks. Research was conducted at the Amigos del Valle senior centers in Hidalgo County and included 52 English-speaking elderly Hispanic volunteer participants. Instruments used for data collection were the Health Care Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Results of this study revealed that there appears …

Attitudes, Practices And Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Greek Women In The Area Of Perth, Panagiota Karnaki

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this thesis is to study the attitudes, practices and knowledge of Greek women in Perth, Western Australia, regarding cervical cancer screening. This is important because no study has yet examined the cervical screening pattern of this group, despite their low participation rate in screening programs. Qualitative semi-structured interviews among 15 Greek women in Perth were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted both in English and Greek. Eight out of the 15 women interviewed did not participate in frequent screening and many had had only one Pap test in their life. Culture and religion influenced negative attitudes …

The Relationship Between Health Locus Of Control And Health Behaviors Of Women Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Heather Ferrillo

Nursing Master’s Theses and Projects

Due to the increasing number of women who are diagnosed with heart disease and who are undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, it is important to explore the psychosocial aspects involved in the recovery process of these women. This study examined the relationship between locus of control and health behaviors of women who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.