Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Computed Tomography To Assess Pulmonary Injury Associated With Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy For Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Galit Aviram, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Michael Lefcoe

Edward Yu

OBJECTIVE: To characterize serial computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary injury after a uniform regimen of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, and to compare the radiation-induced lung toxicity with other concurrent chemo-radiation regimens. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer received 2 induction cycles of cisplatin and vinblastine, followed by 2 further cycles of cisplatin and vinblastine, concurrent with 60 Gy radiation at 2 Gy per fraction. Radiation-induced lung injury in the acute and chronic phases was assessed by serial CT scans and compared with preradiation baseline scans. Acute radiation pneumonitis was evaluated using the …

Internal Consistency And Intercriterion Overlap Within And Between Dsm-Iv Axis Ii Personality Disorders: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Study Of Personality Disorders, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson, Andrew E. Skodol, M. Tracie Shea, Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C. Zanarini, Donna S. Bender, John M. Oldham, Ingrid Dyck, Robert L. Stout

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (PDs) criteria.

Method: Six hundred and sixty-eight adults recruited for the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) were assessed with diagnostic interviews.

Results: Within-category inter-relatedness was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and median intercriterion correlations (MIC). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 (median=0.71); seven of the 10 PDs had alphas greater than 0.70. Between-category criterion overlap was evaluated by ‘inter-category’ intercriterion correlations between all PD pairs (ICMIC). ICMIC values (median=0.08) were lower than MIC values (median=0.23). Diagnostic efficiency statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power and negative predictive power were calculated for …

Monte Carlo Simulations And Measurement Of Dna Damage From X-Ray-Triggered Auger Cascades In Iododeoxyuridine (Iudr), S. Karnas, V. Moiseenko, E. Yu, P. Truong, J. Battista

Edward Yu

We investigated the DNA damage from Auger electrons emitted from incorporated stable iodine (127I), following photoelectric absorption of external x-rays. The effectiveness of the Auger electrons in producing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was determined theoretically, using Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation physics and chemistry, and was shown to be in reasonable agreement with DNA damage measured using the comet assay. The DSB yields were measured in CHO cells for 60Co (as a non-Auger-promoting radiation) and for tungsten-filtered 100 kVp x-rays capable of producing Auger electron emission. The theoretical study showed that on average, 2.5 Auger electrons were emitted for …

Using Treatment Interruptions To Palliate The Toxicity From Concurrent Chemoradiation For Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer Decreases Survival And Disease Control, Gregory Videtic, Karen Fung, Anna Tomiak, Larry Stitt, A. Dar, Pauline Truong, Edward Yu, Mark Vincent, Walter Kocha

Edward Yu

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We analyzed the impact on survival outcomes of treatment interruptions due to toxicity arising during the concurrent phase of chemotherapy/radiotherapy (ChT/RT) for our limited-stage small-cell cancer (LSCLC) population over the past 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1989 to 1999, 215 patients received treatment for LSCLC, consisting of six cycles of alternating cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin or epirubicin/vincristine (CAV; CEV) and etoposide/cisplatin (EP). Thoracic RT was started with EP at either the second or third cycle (85% of patients). RT dose was either 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks or 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, …

Practice Guideline On Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation In Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Jaro Kotalik, Edward Yu, Barbara Markman, William Evans

Edward Yu

Purpose: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline that would address the following questions: (a) What is the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with limited or extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have achieved complete remission in response to induction therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)? (b) What dose and fractionation schedules of PCI are optimal? (c) Does the use of PCI in patients with SCLC in complete remission affect quality of life? Survival, disease-free survival, quality of life, and adverse effects were the outcomes of interest. Methods and materials: A systematic review of the published literature was …

Biomechanical Difference Between Loaded Countermovement And Static Squat Jumps, S. G. S. Coleman, C. Karatzaferi, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

Circulating Endothelial Cells After Transplantation, A. B. Salazar, Vivian C. Mcalister, R. Gupta, A. S. Macdonald

Vivian C. McAlister

Fate of renal allografts that survive vascular rejection To measure the outcome for grafts that survive early vascular rejection, we reassessed 411 biopsy samples taken from 260 patients in the first month after transplantation. Patients were separated into four classifications, according to Banff 1997 criteria: vascular rejection (36 patients); acute cellular rejection ([ACR] 30); no rejection (194); and 974 recipients from the same era who did not undergo biopsy. Other than graft histology, the groups did not differ for known adverse prognostic factors. The mean follow-up period was 6·03 years (SD 4·7). Graft survival is presented in the table. The …

Treatment Utilization By Patients With Personality Disorders, Donna S. Bender, Regina T. Dolan, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Ingrid R. Dyck, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, John M. Oldham, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: Utilization of mental health treatment was compared in patients with personality disorders and patients with major depressive disorder without personality disorder.

Method: Semistructured interviews were used to assess diagnosis and treatment history of 664 patients in four representative personality disorder groups—schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive—and in a comparison group of patients with major depressive disorder.

Results: Patients with personality disorders had more extensive histories of psychiatric outpatient, inpatient, and psychopharmacologic treatment than patients with major depressive disorder. Compared to the depression group, patients with borderline personality disorder were significantly more likely to have received every type of psychosocial treatment …

Myopia Of Health-Care Reform Using Business Models, Macinnes Kenneth, Vivian C. Mcalister

Vivian C. McAlister

Background: Health-care institutions have looked to business for models to respond to the requirement for reform. This has changed the perspective of institutions that were founded on charitable principles, and managed with liberal employment policies and deficit budgeting. Using lesions from supply-side management, hospitals are fragmenting into independent programs with demands to balance budgets regardless of the source of cost.

Methods: Costs from the institution’s perspective are compared with those of the payer (province) using an example of a proposal to reduce costs in the surgical program by buying disposable drapes.

Results: The actual cost of disposable drapes bought from …

Pentoxifyiiine Reduces Acute Lung Injury In Chronic Endotoxemia, Christopher Michetti, R Coimbra, D Hoyt, P Wolf, W Junger, W Loomis

Christopher P. Michetti, M.D., F.A.C.S.

No abstract provided.

Age And Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure To Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces In Mvas, James Sweeney, Andrew Johnson

Andrew M. Johnson

Performance on the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Test Battery (HRB) was analyzed for 33 ind viduals, aged 20 to 69, who had been subjected to violent aceeleration forces in motor vehicle accidents . Age was considered as a continuous variable and correlated with single and compos ite HRB measures. With the one exception of the Left Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (NDS) score, agere lated de cline was consistently demonstrated by com positeHRB scores (i.e., Gen eralNDS, Right NDS, Level of Performance NDS, Pathognomonic SignNDS, Pattern NDS, Right-Left Differ enceNDS, and Halstead Impairment Index). In contrast, most single non-composite HRB measures did not refleet a …

Serum Leptin Levels And Anthropometric Correlates In Ache Amerindians Of Eastern Paraguay, Richard G. Bribiescas

Richard G. Bribiescas

Leptin is a recently discovered peptide hor- mone secreted primarily from adipocytes in humans and other mammals; it is a reflection of fat stores, and has been associated with reproductive function. However, few leptin measurements are available from nonindustrialized popula- tions, including contemporary hunter/gatherer communities undergoing the transition to sedentary agriculture. This in- vestigation reports single-sample serum leptin measure- ments in healthy Ache Amerindian males (n 􏱕 21; average age, 32.8 􏱣 3.4 SE) and females (n 􏱕 12; average age, 31.3 􏱣 4.3) in eastern Paraguay. Ache leptin concentrations were much lower than in industrialized populations, although significant sexual …

Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief: Factor Structure And Convergent Validity In Inpatient Adolescents, Seth R. Axelrod, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

We examined the internal consistency, factor structure, and validity of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B). Two hundred thirty-seven psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents were administered the SPQ-B and a battery of well-established self-report instruments. The SPQ-B demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis provided mixed support for the SPQ-B 3-factor structure of interpersonal deficits, cognitive-perceptual deficits, and disorganization. The Interpersonal and Cognitive-Perceptual subscales demonstrated convergent and discriminant relationships with other measures of interpersonal impairment and cognitive abnormalities. We concluded that the SPQ-B is a promising measure for evaluating schizotypal personality disorder features, specifically interpersonal and cognitiveperceptual deficits, with adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Schizophrenia: A Critical Examination, Charles A. Sanislow, Robert C. Carson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.