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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Synaptic Ribbon Active Zones In Cone Photoreceptors Operate Independently From One Another., Justin J. Grassmeyer, Wallace B. Thoreson
Synaptic Ribbon Active Zones In Cone Photoreceptors Operate Independently From One Another., Justin J. Grassmeyer, Wallace B. Thoreson
Journal Articles: Ophthalmology
Cone photoreceptors depolarize in darkness to release glutamate-laden synaptic vesicles. Essential to release is the synaptic ribbon, a structure that helps organize active zones by clustering vesicles near proteins that mediate exocytosis, including voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Cone terminals have many ribbon-style active zones at which second-order neurons receive input. We asked whether there are functionally significant differences in local Ca(2+) influx among ribbons in individual cones. We combined confocal Ca(2+) imaging to measure Ca(2+) influx at individual ribbons and patch clamp recordings to record whole-cell ICa in salamander cones. We found that the voltage for half-maximal activation (V50) of whole …
Recent Advances In The Management And Understanding Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Matthew Powers, Margaret Greven, Robert Kleinman, Quan D. Nguyen, Diana V. Do
Recent Advances In The Management And Understanding Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Matthew Powers, Margaret Greven, Robert Kleinman, Quan D. Nguyen, Diana V. Do
Journal Articles: Ophthalmology
Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, this complication remains a steadfast challenge to patients and physicians. This review summarizes recent progress in the diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy, including automated screening, optical coherence tomography, control of systemic risk factors, surgical techniques, laser treatment, and pharmaceutical treatment, including vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Recent advances in pharmaceutical treatments, in particular, hold strong promise of halting and sometimes reversing the disease process. Clinicians nevertheless must remain vigilant in their efforts to diagnose and treat this disease early in its course.