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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Up-Regulation Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Genes In Early Phases Of Photoreceptor Degeneration, Sem Genini, William Beltran, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Up-Regulation Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Genes In Early Phases Of Photoreceptor Degeneration, Sem Genini, William Beltran, Gustavo D. Aguirre
Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD
We used quantitative real-time PCR to examine the expression of 112 genes related to retinal function and/or belonging to known pro-apoptotic, cell survival, and autophagy pathways during photoreceptor degeneration in three early-onset canine models of human photoreceptor degeneration, rod cone dysplasia 1 (rcd1), X-linked progressive retinal atrophy 2 (xlpra2), and early retinal degeneration (erd), caused respectively, by mutations in PDE6B, RPGRORF15, and STK38L. Notably, we found that expression and timing of differentially expressed (DE) genes correlated with the cell death kinetics. Gene expression profiles of rcd1 and xlpra2 were similar; however rcd1 was more severe as demonstrated by the results …
Norm-Of-Reaction: Definition And Misinterpretation Of Animal Research, Steve A. Platt, Charles A. Sanislow
Norm-Of-Reaction: Definition And Misinterpretation Of Animal Research, Steve A. Platt, Charles A. Sanislow
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
The development of a phenotype is due to an interaction of the genotype with the environment. Two terms have been used to describe the outcome of this interaction, the norm-of-reaction and the reaction range. The first represents the theoretically limitless distribution of the phenotypes that may be expressed by a given genotype. The reaction range implies an upper and lower limit for phenotype expression possible from a given genotype. A critical distinction between the reaction range and the norm-of-reaction is that the norm-of-reaction is a statement of the conceivable interactions found but does not imply any predictability other than that …