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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Interaction Of The Oncoprotein Transcription Factor Myc With Its Chromatin Cofactor Wdr5 Is Essential For Tumor Maintenance., Lance R. Thomas, Clare M. Adams, Jing Wang, April M. Weissmiller, Joy Creighton, Shelly L. Lorey, Qi Liu, Stephen W. Fesik, Christine M. Eischen, William P. Tansey
Interaction Of The Oncoprotein Transcription Factor Myc With Its Chromatin Cofactor Wdr5 Is Essential For Tumor Maintenance., Lance R. Thomas, Clare M. Adams, Jing Wang, April M. Weissmiller, Joy Creighton, Shelly L. Lorey, Qi Liu, Stephen W. Fesik, Christine M. Eischen, William P. Tansey
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
The oncoprotein transcription factor MYC is overexpressed in the majority of cancers. Key to its oncogenic activity is the ability of MYC to regulate gene expression patterns that drive and maintain the malignant state. MYC is also considered a validated anticancer target, but efforts to pharmacologically inhibit MYC have failed. The dependence of MYC on cofactors creates opportunities for therapeutic intervention, but for any cofactor this requires structural understanding of how the cofactor interacts with MYC, knowledge of the role it plays in MYC function, and demonstration that disrupting the cofactor interaction will cause existing cancers to regress. One cofactor …
Meeting Overview: Interferon Lambda - Disease Impact And Therapeutic Potential, Thomas R. O'Brien, Howard A. Young, Raymond P. Donnelly, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Meeting Overview: Interferon Lambda - Disease Impact And Therapeutic Potential, Thomas R. O'Brien, Howard A. Young, Raymond P. Donnelly, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Public Health Resources
A meeting entitled, "Interferon Lambda: Disease Impact and Translational Potential," was held on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, on October 25-26, 2018. To our knowledge, this was the first meeting that focused exclusively on interferon lambda (IFN-λ). The meeting's purpose was to enhance interdisciplinary communication and promote new collaborations. The gathering brought together an international group of scientists from a wide range of disciplines. Sessions included: IFN-λ Biology, Therapy and Genetic Variation; IFN-λ and Hepatitis C Virus Infection; IFN-λ in Other Infections; and IFN-λ - Hepatic Fibrosis and Cancer. The next meeting on IFN-λ …
Endoglin Protein Interactome Profiling Identifies Trim21 And Galectin-3 As New Binding Partners, Eunate Gallardo-Vara, Lidia Ruiz-Llorente, Juan Casado-Vela, María J. Ruiz-Rodríguez, Natalia López-Andrés, Asit K. Pattnaik, Miguel Quintanilla
Endoglin Protein Interactome Profiling Identifies Trim21 And Galectin-3 As New Binding Partners, Eunate Gallardo-Vara, Lidia Ruiz-Llorente, Juan Casado-Vela, María J. Ruiz-Rodríguez, Natalia López-Andrés, Asit K. Pattnaik, Miguel Quintanilla
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Endoglin is a 180-kDa glycoprotein receptor primarily expressed by the vascular endothelium and involved in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Heterozygous mutations in the endoglin gene (ENG) cause herediatry hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1, a vascular disease that presents with nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding, skin and mucosa telangiectase, and arteriovenous malformations in internal organs. A circulating form of endoglin (alias soluble endoglin, sEng), proteolytically released from the membrane-bound protein, has been observed in several inflammation-related pathological conditions and appears to contribute to endothelial dysfunction and cancer development through unknown mechanisms. Membrane-bound endoglin is an auxiliary component of the TGF-B receptor complex and …
Developing Drug Therapies: Cognitive Damage In Mice Following Brain Radiation, Rachel Yuska
Developing Drug Therapies: Cognitive Damage In Mice Following Brain Radiation, Rachel Yuska
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
Pediatric brain cancer patients are at a high risk for radiation-induced cognitive impairment due to white matter changes in the brain. Half of six-month radiotherapy survivors develop significant changes in white matter. Previous research has shown that a mouse model can be used to show similar cognitive and behavioral deficits in human patients. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of two drug therapies, Donepezil and 3,3-Diindolylmethane (DIM), that could be used to either protect the brain from radiation injury or cure the cognitive injury and behavioral deficits that result from whole-brain irradiation. This project consisted of …
Secreted Tumor-Associated Cytochrome As A Blood-Based Biomarker For Cancer, Rolf Joseph Craven
Secreted Tumor-Associated Cytochrome As A Blood-Based Biomarker For Cancer, Rolf Joseph Craven
Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Patents
Disclosed herein are methods for detecting Pgrmc 1 in bodily fluids, e.g., blood, plasma and serum, wherein detection of Pgrmcl is a biomarker for the presence of cancer, e.g., lung cancer or head or neck cancer. Pgrmc 1 levels in bodily fluids may be used to predict patient prognosis, e.g., survival and response to therapy.
Caspases And Cancer: Connections Through Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, Sarah M. Hethcox
Caspases And Cancer: Connections Through Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, Sarah M. Hethcox
Honors College Theses
While excessive cell death inevitably leads to negative effects, the endurance of damaged cells in the presence of death signals can be equally detrimental to health. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a highly regulated process in which cues from within or from outside a cell can trigger an irreversible sequence of signals that carry out cell destruction known as the apoptotic cascade. A group of enzymes called caspases play a vital role in this cascade with some participating as initiators and others acting as effectors of protein cleavage and intracellular breakdown. Although it is normal for the activity of …
Differential Iron Regulatory Genetics In 2d & 3d Culture Of Breast Cancer Cells, Tyler Hanna, Suzy Torti Ph. D, Frank Torti M.D., Mph, Nicole Farra Ph. D.
Differential Iron Regulatory Genetics In 2d & 3d Culture Of Breast Cancer Cells, Tyler Hanna, Suzy Torti Ph. D, Frank Torti M.D., Mph, Nicole Farra Ph. D.
Honors Scholar Theses
The iron regulatory axis has consistently been shown to be perturbed in cancer cell lines relative to non-cancerous cell lines. As cancer cells rapidly divide and grow, they require iron to fuel many intracellular processes, including DNA replication and protein synthesis. Three-dimensional cell culture is an increasingly popular method of culture that purportedly more accurately mimics the in vivo microenvironment of cancers over traditional two-dimensional culture. This project was prompted by previous lab results to investigate differential iron regulatory gene expression in 2D and 3D spheroid culture models. We replicated the findings that the gene hepcidin is induced in 3D …
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Require Β1 Integrins To Promote Anchorage-Independent Growth., Rachel M. Derita, Aejaz Sayeed, Vaughn Garcia, Shiv Ram Krishn, Christopher D. Shields, Srawasti Sarker, Andrea Friedman, Peter Mccue, Sudheer Kumar Molugu, Ulrich Rodeck, Adam P. Dicker, Lucia R. Languino
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Require Β1 Integrins To Promote Anchorage-Independent Growth., Rachel M. Derita, Aejaz Sayeed, Vaughn Garcia, Shiv Ram Krishn, Christopher D. Shields, Srawasti Sarker, Andrea Friedman, Peter Mccue, Sudheer Kumar Molugu, Ulrich Rodeck, Adam P. Dicker, Lucia R. Languino
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
The β1 integrins, known to promote cancer progression, are abundant in extracellular vesicles (EVs). We investigated whether prostate cancer (PrCa) EVs affect anchorage-independent growth and whether β1 integrins are required for this effect. Specifically using a cell-line-based genetic rescue and an in vivo PrCa model, we show that gradient-purified small EVs (sEVs) from either cancer cells or blood from tumor-bearing TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) mice promote anchorage-independent growth of PrCa cells. In contrast, sEVs from cultured PrCa cells harboring a short hairpin RNA to β1, from wild-type mice or from TRAMP mice carrying a β1 conditional ablation …
Effects Of Vitamin D3 And Its Chemical Analogs On The Growth Of Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, In Vitro, Rajendra Ghardbaran, Bo Zhang, Luis Valerio, Onyekwere Onwumere, Madeline Wong, Jason Mighty, Stephen Redenti
Effects Of Vitamin D3 And Its Chemical Analogs On The Growth Of Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, In Vitro, Rajendra Ghardbaran, Bo Zhang, Luis Valerio, Onyekwere Onwumere, Madeline Wong, Jason Mighty, Stephen Redenti
Publications and Research
Objective: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activities have been noted for a number of B cell malignancies which showed varying sensitivities to vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, VD3, calcitriol) and its synthetic analogs. The objective of this study was to address the potential effects of VD3 and vitamin D3 analogs (VDAs) on the growth of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), a malignant pathology of B cell origin, in vitro.
Results: Immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of VDR by primary Hodgkin’s (H) and Reed–Sternberg (RS)—HRS-tumor cells in HL histological sections. Western blot analyses revealed expression of VDR in the HL cell lines Hs445, HDLM2, KMH2, …
Cyclin C: The Story Of A Non-Cycling Cyclin., Jan Ježek, Daniel G J Smethurst, David C Stieg, Z A C Kiss, Sara E Hanley, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Cyclin C: The Story Of A Non-Cycling Cyclin., Jan Ježek, Daniel G J Smethurst, David C Stieg, Z A C Kiss, Sara E Hanley, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which primarily act as transcription factors and whose expression remains constant throughout the cell cycle, is less well understood. As a classic example of a transcriptional cyclin, cyclin C forms a regulatory sub-complex with its partner kinase Cdk8 and two accessory subunits Med12 and Med13 called the Cdk8-dependent kinase module (CKM). The CKM reversibly associates with the multi-subunit …
The Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells By Cationic Lipids, John Peyton Bush
The Stimulation Of Dendritic Cells By Cationic Lipids, John Peyton Bush
Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences
The discovery that cationic lipids can independently stimulate the immune system has generated interest in their potential as vaccine adjuvants. Here, we show that the cationic lipid R-DOTAP can independently stimulate type 1 interferon production in dendritic cells in both primary culture and immortalized cell culture. Levels of type 1 interferon production are cell line-dependent and limited in vitro by lipid-induced cell death. We show that cationic lipids can independently activate TLR-7 and TLR-9, suggesting a mechanism for type 1 interferon induction. This TLR-stimulatory activity is not restricted to R-DOTAP and can be extended to other similar cationic lipids in …
Potential Applications Of Capsaicinoids In Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy, Jamie Rae Friedman
Potential Applications Of Capsaicinoids In Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy, Jamie Rae Friedman
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Lung cancer is not a single disease but an umbrella that encompasses two major classifications, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC represents about 15- 20% of all lung cancer cases and is almost exclusively diagnosed in smokers. Typically, patients will respond very well to first line treatment, but face inevitable relapse. The fact that SCLC still carries a grim 5-year survival rate of less than 5% highlights the lack of advancement in treatment options to effectively improve patient response and survival. …
Using Fundamental Properties Of Light To Investigate Photonic Effects In Condensed Matter And Biological Tissues, Laura A. Sordillo
Using Fundamental Properties Of Light To Investigate Photonic Effects In Condensed Matter And Biological Tissues, Laura A. Sordillo
Dissertations and Theses
Light possesses characteristics such as polarization, wavelength and coherence. The interaction of light and matter, whether in a semiconductor or in a biological sample, can reveal important information about the internal properties of a system. My thesis focuses on two areas: photocarriers in gallium arsenide and biomedical optics. Varying the excitation wavelength can be used to study both biological tissue and condensed matter. I altered the excitation wavelengths to be in the longer near-infrared (NIR) optical windows, in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range, a wavelength region previously thought to be unusable for medical imaging. With this method, I acquired high …
Advances In Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies For Solid Tumors., Trevor R. Baybutt, John C. Flickinger, Ellen M. Caparosa, Adam E. Snook
Advances In Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies For Solid Tumors., Trevor R. Baybutt, John C. Flickinger, Ellen M. Caparosa, Adam E. Snook
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers
In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first two novel cellular immunotherapies using synthetic, engineered receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), expressed by patient-derived T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies expressing the B-cell surface antigen CD19 in both pediatric and adult patients. This approval marked a major milestone in the use of antigen-directed "living drugs" for the treatment of relapsed or refractory blood cancers, and with these two approvals, there is increased impetus to expand not only the target antigens but also the tumor types that can be …
Generation, Identification And Characterization Of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Against Ctla-4, Pd-1 And Btla For The Treatment Of Cancer, Rosabril Acuna
Generation, Identification And Characterization Of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Against Ctla-4, Pd-1 And Btla For The Treatment Of Cancer, Rosabril Acuna
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Members of the CD28 co-inhibitory receptor family, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), Program death-1 (PD-1) and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) are type I transmembrane proteins expressed on a variety of immune cells. Co- inhibitory receptors deliver "off" signals that play an important role in down regulating immune cell activation. Manipulation of inhibitory signals have shown to be a powerful strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and various forms of cancer. In fact, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved the use of monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, against …
Modulation Of Autophagy And Senescence To Enhance The Response To Therapy In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
Modulation Of Autophagy And Senescence To Enhance The Response To Therapy In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
Theses and Dissertations
Abstract
Although great strides have been made over the decades in development and optimization of anti-cancer therapies, even highly effective drugs often fail to completely eliminate tumors. Residual tumor cells can enter into a state of dormancy for prolonged periods of time but eventually are able to regain proliferative capacity and reemerge as chemotherapy-resistant disease. Because recurrent disease is a leading contributor to patient’s mortality, it is paramount to identify strategies for effectively destroying residual tumor cells.
Cytotoxic drugs and ionizing radiation are used as standard therapies in a variety of cancers. These modalities induce apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Senescence …