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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Intrinsic Rhinitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Intrinsic Rhinitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Intrinsic rhinitis is defined as a non infective and non allergic condition characterised by nasal block, rhinorrhoea and hyposmia. This is purely a medical condition. Awareness of this condition will help us to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures on patients suffering from this disorder. Surgery should be reserved only for cases that are intractable to medical management. This article discusses the complete gamut of this disorder.
Role Of X-Rays In Rhinology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Role Of X-Rays In Rhinology, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
X-rays in the present day context is considered to be outdated by Rhinologists. CT scan images have replaced conventional x-ray imaging. Current concensus is that still x-rays have a role in the field of rhinology. Its inherent advantages like easy availability, cost effectiveness makes this investigation still relevant in the present day scenario. Bony lesions involving nose and sinuses, can be evalutated with reasonable degree of accuracy by performing conventional radiographs. Air present inside the paranasal sinuses serve as excellent contrast medium for plain x-ray evaluation. Pathologies involving paranasal sinuses encroach upon these air spaces causing alterations in their translucency.
Dentigerous Cyst From Supernumerary Teeth, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Dentigerous Cyst From Supernumerary Teeth, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
No abstract provided.
Advanced Anatomy Of Lateral Nasal Wall For The Endoscopic Sinus Surgeon, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Advanced Anatomy Of Lateral Nasal Wall For The Endoscopic Sinus Surgeon, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Introduction: Anatomy of the lateral nasal wall is highly complex and variable. With the popularity of endoscopic sinus surgery a through knowledge of this complex anatomy is very vital. Highly variable anatomy and paucity of standard landmark makes this region vulnerable for complications during endoscopic sinus surgery. The learning curve for endoscopic sinus surgery is made rather steep by this highly variable anatomy . Study of anatomy of lateral nasal wall dates back to Galen (AD 130-201). He described the porosity of bones in the head. Davinci in his classical anatomical drawings has illustrated maxillary sinus antrum. He also described …
Evaluation Of Lacrimal Apparatus, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Evaluation Of Lacrimal Apparatus, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Currently otolaryngologists have started doing dacryocystorhinostomy using nasal endoscopes. This procedure done by an otolaryngologist has its own obvious advantages. The first and foremost being the need for external incision has been dispensed with. On the flip side otolaryngologist is not conversant with the examination techniques involving this area. Even the standard text books of otolaryngology are woefully inadequate in details regarding this subject. This e book discusses the examination techniques and investigations pertaining to rhinolacrimal system
Reducing Bleeding During Fess, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Reducing Bleeding During Fess, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses the importance of anesthesia in endoscopic sinus surgery. Major aim of anesthetist in FESS should be to reduce blood pressure to such a level that bleeding is minimized. It also discusses the various steps that should be followed by surgeons to reduced intra operative bleeding during the procedure. Introduction: Bleeding is one complication that could increase the risk of complication during endoscopic sinus surgery. Considerable amount of attention should be paid to reduce bleeding on the table during the surgical procedure. Dry surgical field not only improves visibility during endoscopic sinus surgery, it also shortens the duration …
Choanal Atresia, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Choanal Atresia, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Choana is also known as posterior nasal aperture. Nasal airway continues with that of posterior nares. Air from nasal cavity finds its way into the lungs via the choanal apertures. In some children the choana may be congenitally closed. This causes either total (bilateral choanal atresia) or partial (unilateral choanal atreisa) nasal obstruction. Child being obligate nasal breathers, find it rather difficult to breathe when there is bilateral choanal atresia. This is more so during the first 6 weeks of life. Hence bilateral choanal atresia should be considered as an emergency in paediatric age group. This article attempts to discuss …
Rhinophyma, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Rhinophyma, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This is a disfigurement of the skin lining the nose. This condition is commonly seen in elderly males. This condition is characterised by slow and progressive hypertrophy of sebaceous glands and connective tissue over the lower portion of dorsum of the nose. The term rhinophyma originates from the Greek word “Rhis” which means nose and “phyma” which means growth. This article attempts to review the hitherto published literature on this subject.
Infected Haller Cell. Radiology Image Of The Issue, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Infected Haller Cell. Radiology Image Of The Issue, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Haller cells are also known as infraorbital ethmoidal cells / maxilla ethmoidal cells. These cellsextend into the inferomedial portion of orbital floor. They are seen in 40% of patients. 1 This article discusses the imaging features of haller cell as seen in coronal CT scan.
Nasal Myasis An Analysis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Nasal Myasis An Analysis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses Nasal myasis, its common causes and treatment modalities followed to remove the same. Myasis Narium is also commonly known as Peenash in India. Maggots are larvae hatched from eggs laid inside the nasal cavity by certain flies. The commonest fly implicated being Sarcophagia Georginia. These flies gets attracted by stench emanating from the nasal cavity of patients. They manage to lay eggs inside the nasal cavity. These flies are capable of laying more than 200 eggs at a time. These eggs take just a day to hatch.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea An Overview, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
This article discusses etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea is the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity due to defect in both dura and bone. Various causes of CSF rhinorrhoea include: 1. Traumatic 2. Iatrogenic 3. Idiopathic 4. Tumors
Huge Rhinolith Nasal Cavity An Interesting Case Report And A Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Huge Rhinolith Nasal Cavity An Interesting Case Report And A Review Of Literature, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Rhinoliths are calcareous deposits (stone like) inside the nasal cavity. These stone like structures are highly friable and may crumble when crushed. This interesting case report discusses a patient with a huge rhinolith inside the nasal cavity. Rhinoliths since they crumble easily can be removed after crushing with a luc’s forceps via the nasal cavity. Since the rhinolith in this patient was very large extending up to the choana it was removed via lateral rhinotomy approach in order to avoid excessive injury to nasal mucosa during the process of removal.
Blow Out Fracture Orbit Endoscopic Reduction A Novel Management Modality, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Blow Out Fracture Orbit Endoscopic Reduction A Novel Management Modality, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Blow out fracture of orbit involves fracture of orbital floor without fracture of infraorbital rim. This injury is common from frontal blow to orbit. Frontal blow to orbit causes increased intraorbital tension causing fracture of floor of the orbit (weak point) with prolapse of orbital content into the maxillary sinus cavity. This causes enophthalmos and diplopia. Infraorbital rim is not involved in pure blow out fracture, it is also involved then it should be considered as an impure blow out fracture 3. Entrapment of inferior rectus muscle between the fracture fragments will cause diplopia in these patients. This article discusses …
Mucocele Of Middle Turbinate An Interesting Case Report And Literature Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Mucocele Of Middle Turbinate An Interesting Case Report And Literature Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Concha involving middle turbinate is a common occurence1. Review of literature puts the incidence anywhere between 14 – 40%. This is an interesting case report of mucocele involving middle turbinate concha. Pneumatization of middle turbinate is known as concha bullosa4. Concha bullosa actually is a radiological diagnosis2 . Mucoceles can technically arise from a concha bullosa if its outflow channel is obstructed. This is ofcourse rather rare. This case report discusses a case of mucocele involving a pneumatized middle turbinate.
Deviated Nasal Septum And Its Management A Straight Nasal Septum Is Rather Rare, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Deviated Nasal Septum And Its Management A Straight Nasal Septum Is Rather Rare, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the presence of amid linenasal septum. The nasal septum has two components i.e. Bony andcartilaginousones. Bony components of nasal septum include: 1. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid superiorly – It articulates with the cribriform plate of ethmoid. Traumatic manipulation of perpendicular plate of ethmoid can lead to CSF leak. If this portion of nasal septum is the cause for nasal obstruction then it should be removed by sharp dissection rather than by twisting and pulling it out. 2. Vomer – Inferoposterior portion of nasal septum is formed by this bone. It is a …
Atrophic Rhinitis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Atrophic Rhinitis A Review, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic embarrassing debilitating disease involving nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by foul smelling crusts (greenish) inside the nasal cavity. Nasal mucosa tends to bleed when these crusts are removed. Nasal cavity appears to be excessively roomy. Foul stench emanates from the patient. Patient is mercifully unaware of this stench because of the presence of anosmia. This article discusses the various features of this disease and the various management modalities available.
Rhinosporidiosis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Rhinosporidiosis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Rhinosporidiosis has been defined as a chronic granulomatous disease characterised by production of polyps and other manifestations of hyperplasia of nasal mucosa. The etiological agent is Rhinosporidium seeberi.1 Rhinosporidium seeberi: was initially believed to be a sporozoan, but it is now considered to be a fungus and has been provisionally placed under the family Olipidiaceae,5 order chritridiales of phycomyetes by Ashworth. More recent classification puts it under DRIP’S clade. Even after extensive studies there is no consensus on where Rhinosporidium must be placed in the Taxonomic classification. It has not been possible to demonstrate fungal proteins in Rhinosporidium even after …
Complications Of Sinusitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Complications Of Sinusitis, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Balasubramanian Thiagarajan
Anatomically paranasal sinuses are in close proximity to vital structures like brain and orbit. Lesions affecting nasal sinuses can affect these areas as well. Infections involving mucosal lining of paranasal sinuses can also spread to these adjacent vital areas. This article attempts to study the orbital and intra cranial complications of sinusitis.