Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Role Of Serum Biomarkers In Early Detection Of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy In The West Virginian Population, Adam Shaver, Alexandra Nichols, Ellen A. Thompson, Amrita Mallick, Nandini Manne, Shanmuga Sundaram, Joseph I. Shapiro Md, Komal Sodhi

Joseph I Shapiro MD

Objectives: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an established complication of diabetes mellitus. In West Virginia, the especially high incidence of diabetes and heart failure validate the necessity of developing new strategies for earlier detection of DCM. Since most DCM patients remain asymptomatic until the later stages of the disease when the fibrotic complications become irreversible, we aimed to explore biomarkers that can identify early-stage DCM.

Methods: The patients were grouped into 4 categories based on clinical diabetic and cardiac parameters: Control, Diabetes (DM), Diastolic dysfunction (DD), and Diabetes with diastolic dysfunction (DM+DD), the last group being the preclinical DCM group.

Results: …

Role Of Serum Biomarkers In Early Detection Of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy In The West Virginian Population, Adam Shaver, Alexandra Nichols, Ellen A. Thompson, Amrita Mallick, Nandini Manne, Shanmuga Sundaram, Joseph I. Shapiro Md, Komal Sodhi

Komal Sodhi

Objectives: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an established complication of diabetes mellitus. In West Virginia, the especially high incidence of diabetes and heart failure validate the necessity of developing new strategies for earlier detection of DCM. Since most DCM patients remain asymptomatic until the later stages of the disease when the fibrotic complications become irreversible, we aimed to explore biomarkers that can identify early-stage DCM.

Methods: The patients were grouped into 4 categories based on clinical diabetic and cardiac parameters: Control, Diabetes (DM), Diastolic dysfunction (DD), and Diabetes with diastolic dysfunction (DM+DD), the last group being the preclinical DCM group.

Results: …

Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide L-4f Prevents Myocardial And Coronary Dysfunction In Diabetic Mice, C. Vecoli, J. Cao, D. Neglia, K. Inoue, Komal Sodhi, L. Vanella, K. K. Gabrielson, D. Bedja, N. Paolocci, A. L'Abbate, Nader G. Abraham

Nader G. Abraham

Diabetes is a major health problem associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide L-4F is a putative anti-diabetic drug, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties and improves endothelial function. In obese mice L-4F increases adiponectin levels, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral adiposity. We hypothesized that the pleiotropic actions of L-4F can prevent heart and coronary dysfunction in a mouse model of genetically induced Type II diabetes. We treated db/db mice with either L-4F or vehicle for 8 weeks. Trans-thoracic echocardiography was performed; thereafter, isolated hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, …

Upregulation Of Heme Oxygenase-1 Combined With Increased Adiponectin Lowers Blood Pressure In Diabetic Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Through A Reduction In Endothelial Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis And Oxidative Stress, Jian Cao, George Drummond, Kazuyoshi Inoue, Komal Sodhi, Xiao Ying Li, Shinji Omura

Komal Sodhi

This study was designed to investigate the effect of increased levels of HO-1 on hypertension exacerbated by diabetes. Diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and WKY (control) animals were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes and stannous chloride (SnCl2) to upregulate HO-1. Treatment with SnCl2 not only attenuated the increase of blood pressure (p<0.01), but also increased HO-1 protein content, HO activity and plasma adiponectin levels, decreased the levels of superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), respectively. Reduction in oxidative stress resulted in the increased expression of Bcl-2 and AKT with a concomitant reduction in circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in the …

Television Watching, Diet Quality, And Physical Activity And Diabetes Among Three Ethnicities In The United States, Fatma G. Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, Joel C. Exebio, Gustavo C. Zarini, Timothy Katz, Zisca Dixon

Joan A. Vaccaro

Diabetes is a world-wide epidemic associated with multiple environmental factors. Prolonged television viewing (TV) time has been related to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in several studies. TV viewing has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, lower energy expenditure, over-eating high-calorie and high-fat foods. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of hours of TV viewing with dietary quality, obesity and physical activity for three ethnic minorities with and without type 2 diabetes. Diet quality and physical activity were inversely related to prolonged TV viewing. African Americans and participants with type 2 …

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid, Carbohydrate Intake, And Diabetes Status Are Associated With Arterial Pulse Pressure, Joan Vaccaro, Fatma G. Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

Background

Diabetes is a global epidemic. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most prevalent consequences of diabetes. Nutrition is considered a modifiable risk factor for CVD, particularly for individuals with diabetes; albeit, there is little consensus on the role of carbohydrates, proteins and fats for arterial health for persons with or without diabetes. In this study, we examined the association of macronutrients with arterial pulse pressure (APP), a surrogate measure of arterial health by diabetes status and race.

Methods

Participants were 892 Mexican Americans (MA), 1059 Black, non-Hispanics (BNH) and 2473 White, non-Hispanics (WNH) with and without diabetes of …

Healthy Eating Index And Alternate Healthy Eating Index Among Haitian Americans And African Americans With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Fatma G. Huffman, Mauricio De La Cera, Joan A. Vaccaro, Gustavo C. Zarini, Joel C. Exebio, Deva Gundupalli, Lamya Shaban

Joan A. Vaccaro

Ethnicities within Black populations have not been distinguished in most nutrition studies. We sought to examine dietary differences between African Americans (AA) and Haitian Americans (HA) with and without type 2 diabetes using the Healthy Eating Index, 2005 (HEI-05), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). The design was cross-sectional (225 AA, 246 HA) and recruitment was by community outreach. The eating indices were calculated from data collected with the Harvard food-frequency questionnaire. African Americans had lower HEI-05 scores (−8.67, 13.1); , than HA. Haitian American females and AA males had higher AHEI than AA females and HA males, respectively, …

Diabetes Alters Contraction-Induced Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Activation In The Rat Soleus And Plantaris, Anjaiah Katta, Deborah L. Preston, Sunil K. Kakarla, Shinichi Asano, Sarath Meduru, Sriram P. Mupparaju, Ellie Yokochi, Kevin M. Rice, Devashish H. Desai, Eric R. Blough

Deborah L Preston

The prescription of anaerobic exercise has recently been advocated for the management of diabetes; however exercise-induced signaling in diabetic muscle remains largely unexplored. Evidence from exercise studies in nondiabetics suggests that the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (Erk1/2), p38, and c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase (Jnk) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important regulators of muscle adaptation. Here, we compare the basal and the in situ contraction-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2- p38- and Jnk-MAPK and their downstream targets (p90rsk and MAPKAP-K2) in the plantaris and soleus muscles of normal and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Compared to lean animals, the time course and magnitude of Erk1/2, p90rsk and …

Diabetes Alters Vascular Mechanotransduction: Pressure-Induced Regulation Of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases In The Rat Inferior Vena Cava, Kevin M. Rice, Devashish H. Desai, Sunil K. Kakarla, Anjaiah Katta, Deborah L. Preston, Paulette Wehner, Eric R. Blough

Deborah L Preston

Background Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for increased vein graft failure after bypass surgery. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vessel attrition in this population remain largely unexplored. Recent reports have suggested that the pathological remodeling of vein grafts may be mediated by mechanically-induced activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and the MAPK-related induction of caspase-3 activity. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that diabetes may be associated with alterations in how veins "sense" and "respond" to altered mechanical loading. Methods Inferior venae cavae (IVC) from the non-diabetic lean (LNZ) and …

Diabetes Alters Vascular Mechanotransduction: Pressure-Induced Regulation Of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases In The Rat Inferior Vena Cava, Kevin M. Rice, Devashish H. Desai, Sunil K. Kakarla, Anjaiah Katta, Deborah L. Preston, Paulette Wehner, Eric R. Blough

Kevin M Rice

Background Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for increased vein graft failure after bypass surgery. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vessel attrition in this population remain largely unexplored. Recent reports have suggested that the pathological remodeling of vein grafts may be mediated by mechanically-induced activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and the MAPK-related induction of caspase-3 activity. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that diabetes may be associated with alterations in how veins "sense" and "respond" to altered mechanical loading. Methods Inferior venae cavae (IVC) from the non-diabetic lean (LNZ) and …

Diabetes Alters Vascular Mechanotransduction: Pressure-Induced Regulation Of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases In The Rat Inferior Vena Cava, Kevin M. Rice, Devashish H. Desai, Sunil K. Kakarla, Anjaiah Katta, Deborah L. Preston, Paulette Wehner, Eric R. Blough

Eric Blough

Background Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for increased vein graft failure after bypass surgery. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vessel attrition in this population remain largely unexplored. Recent reports have suggested that the pathological remodeling of vein grafts may be mediated by mechanically-induced activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and the MAPK-related induction of caspase-3 activity. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that diabetes may be associated with alterations in how veins "sense" and "respond" to altered mechanical loading. Methods Inferior venae cavae (IVC) from the non-diabetic lean (LNZ) and …

Diabetes Alters Vascular Mechanotransduction: Pressure-Induced Regulation Of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases In The Rat Inferior Vena Cava, Kevin M. Rice, Devashish H. Desai, Sunil K. Kakarla, Anjaiah Katta, Deborah L. Preston, Paulette Wehner, Eric R. Blough

Paulette S. Wehner

Background Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for increased vein graft failure after bypass surgery. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying vessel attrition in this population remain largely unexplored. Recent reports have suggested that the pathological remodeling of vein grafts may be mediated by mechanically-induced activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and the MAPK-related induction of caspase-3 activity. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that diabetes may be associated with alterations in how veins "sense" and "respond" to altered mechanical loading. Methods Inferior venae cavae (IVC) from the non-diabetic lean (LNZ) and …

Hypertension And Antihypertensive Therapy As Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Todd Gress, Javier Nieto, Eyal Shahar, Marion Wofford, Frederick Brancati

Todd W. Gress

Background Previous research has suggested that thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers may promote the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent, and many studies have been limited by inadequate data on outcomes and by potential confounding. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 12,550 adults 45 to 64 years old who did not have diabetes. An extensive health evaluation conducted at base line included assessment of medication use and measurement of blood pressure with a random-zero sphygmomanometer. The incidence of new cases of diabetes was assessed after three years and after six years …